# data[].attributes.body
1492

Launched centuries of European exploration and colonization of the American continent.

# data[].attributes.body
1521

Destroyed the Aztec empire, and the Spanish began to consolidate control over what became the colony of New Spain.

# data[].attributes.body
1585-1590
The first English attempt at a permanent and stable English settlement in North America. It failed.

# data[].attributes.body
1675-1678
War that pitted Native Americans against English settlers and their Indian allies. Paved the way for additional English settlements.

# data[].attributes.body
1676

The first popular uprising in the American colonies. It was long viewed as an early revolt against English tyranny.

# data[].attributes.body
A war between Britain and France, with Native American allies, over control of North American territories. It set the stage for British colonial taxation, leading to the American Revolution.

# data[].attributes.body
A protest by American colonists against British taxes on tea, where they dumped British tea into Boston Harbor.

# data[].attributes.body
A meeting of colonial representatives to address colonial grievances against Britain, including a boycott of British goods and the push for rights.

# data[].attributes.body
The document declaring the American colonies' independence from Britain, written mainly by Thomas Jefferson.

# data[].attributes.body
An armed uprising led by unhappy farmers in Massachusetts protesting economic injustices, showing weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation.

# data[].attributes.body
A meeting in Philadelphia to revise the Articles of Confederation, which resulted in the creation of the U.S. Constitution.

# data[].attributes.body
A speech by George Washington in 1796, where he advised the nation to avoid political parties, foreign alliances, and entanglements.

# data[].attributes.body
A land deal between the United States and France, in which the U.S. acquired approximately 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River for $15 million.

# data[].attributes.body
A war between the U.S. and Great Britain caused by American outrage over the impressment of American sailors by the British, the British seizure of American ships, and British aid to the Indians attacking the Americans on the western frontier.

# data[].attributes.body
General Robert Ross, a British force occupied Washington, D.C., and set fire to many public buildings following the American defeat at the Battle of Bladensburg.

# data[].attributes.body
Congress admitted Maine as a free state in 1820 so that Missouri would become a slave state and prohibited slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Purchase territory north of 36°30', the southern boundary of Missouri.

# data[].attributes.body
Americans moving away from self-sufficient agriculture to the production of goods for sale.

# data[].attributes.body
Women of all ages and even some men went to discuss the rights and conditions of women. There, they wrote the Declaration of Sentiments, which among other things, tried to get women the right to vote.

# data[].attributes.body
Sparked by a dispute over the annexation of Texas by the United States and a long-standing dispute over the southern border.

# data[].attributes.body
Since slaves are property of their masters, a slave is not automatically granted his freedom when his master moves him to a free state or territory.

# data[].attributes.body
Issued by Lincoln to free all of the slaves in the Confederate states. The slaves in border states loyal to the Union, however, remained enslaved, it only applied to Confederate states in rebellion.

# data[].attributes.body
Where the surrender of the Confederate Army under Robert E. Lee to Ulysses S. Grant took place on April 9, 1865.

# data[].attributes.body
John Wilkes Booth shot this leader in the head at Ford Theater, just days after the Civil War ended.

# data[].attributes.body
Period after the Civil War during which Northern political leaders created plans for the governance of the South and a procedure for former Southern states to rejoin the Union.

# data[].attributes.body
A labor protest in Chicago turned into a riot after a bomb was thrown at police. Eight people died. Eight labor activists were convicted with little evidence

# data[].attributes.body
A violent strike in Pittsburgh over wage cuts by 20%. Ended with the collapse of the steelworkers' union

# data[].attributes.body
A nonviolent strike over wage cuts that shut down railway traffic. President Cleveland ended it due to interference with mail delivery

# data[].attributes.body
Supreme Court ruling that upheld Jim Crow laws, legalizing “separate but equal” facilities for Blacks and whites

# data[].attributes.body
A novel by Upton Sinclair revealing the gruesome, unsanitary conditions of Chicago’s meatpacking industry

# data[].attributes.body
A U.S. battleship exploded and sank in Havana Harbor; 260 Americans died. Although it was later concluded that it was an internal explosion caused by a fire in the coal bunker, the sinking provided an excuse for those eager for war with Spain.

# data[].attributes.body
War over the European control of Cuba, American won and gained: Guam, Puerto Rico, Philippines, and an alliance with Cuba.

# data[].attributes.body
An uprising in China directed against foreign influence. It was suppressed by an international force of some eighteen thousand soldiers, including Americans. It paved the way for the revolution of 1911, which led to the establishment of the Republic of China in 1912.

# data[].attributes.body
The first, modern global war, started by the shooting of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The war is remembered for its violence and destruction, costing over 20 million lives and billions of dollars.

# data[].attributes.body
A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat during WWI. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war.

# data[].attributes.body
One of the most significant decades in US History because of the great changes that came about in American society, including the rise of consumerism, technology, and social and creative expression.

# data[].attributes.body
The economic crisis and period of low business activity in the U.S. and other countries, roughly beginning with the stock-market crash in 1929 and approximately ending with the start of the next war.

# data[].attributes.body
President FDR's precursor of the modern welfare state. His programs were meant to combat economic depression and it enacted a number of social insurance measures and used government spending to stimulate the economy.

# data[].attributes.body
The second, modern global war, starting less than 2 decades after the last. A significant portion of the world was involved, divided into Axis and Allied powers.

# data[].attributes.body
Brutally murdered in Mississippi; major catalyst for the civil rights movement.

# data[].attributes.body
Nonviolent protests at Woolworth’s counter by African American college students.

# data[].attributes.body
Killed in Dallas while riding in a motorcade.

# data[].attributes.body
Over 200,000 people gathered to advocate for civil and economic rights.

# data[].attributes.body
Shot in Memphis, Tennessee; a major loss for the civil rights movement.

# data[].attributes.body
Prohibited housing discrimination based on race, color, religion, or national origin.

# data[].attributes.body
Marked the end of American military involvement.

# data[].attributes.body
Break-in and political scandal that led to Nixon’s resignation in 1974.

# data[].attributes.body
An event symbolizing the end of the Cold War, when East and West Berliners dismantled the wall dividing the city, leading to German reunification and the collapse of communist regimes in Eastern Europe.

# data[].attributes.body
A political scandal in the 1980s involving the covert sale of weapons to Iran by the U.S. government to fund Nicaraguan Contra rebels, leading to Congressional investigations and convictions.

# data[].attributes.body
Centered on charges of perjury and obstruction of justice related to his extramarital affair.

# data[].attributes.body
The 2000 U.S. presidential election, marked by a controversial recount in Florida, legal battles culminating in the Supreme Court's decision to stop the recount, and Bush's ultimate victory despite losing the popular vote.

# data[].attributes.body
A global military and political campaign initiated by the United States in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks, aimed at combating terrorism and its sponsors around the world.

# data[].attributes.body
A U.S. law passed in response to the 9/11 attacks, granting expanded surveillance and law enforcement powers to the government in the name of national security and counterterrorism efforts.

# data[].attributes.body
The capture of Iraq’s capital by U.S. forces in April 2003, marking the collapse of Saddam Hussein’s regime and a major milestone in the Iraq War.

# data[].attributes.body
The final departure of American troops in August 2021, ending a 20-year war and leading to the rapid collapse of the government and return of Taliban rule.