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1897: Formation of the Aborigines' Rights Protection Society

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1897: Formation of the Aborigines' Rights Protection Society

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The Aborigines' Rights Protection Society (ARPS) was formed in Cape Coast to protect the traditional land rights of the indigenous people from British colonial policies. This was one of the earliest organized movements against colonial rule in Ghana (then Gold Coast).

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The Prince of Wales College (now Achimota School) was established. This institution would later educate many of Ghana's future leaders, including Kwame Nkrumah, who would become the country's first president.

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1947: Formation of the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC)

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1947: Formation of the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC)

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The UGCC was founded by J.B. Danquah and other educated elite. They invited Kwame Nkrumah to serve as Secretary General. The party's slogan was 'Self-government within the shortest possible time.'

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A peaceful protest by ex-servicemen turned violent when British colonial police opened fire, killing three veterans. This event sparked widespread riots across the Gold Coast and intensified the push for independence.

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1949: June 12 - Formation of the Convention People's Party (CPP)

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1949: June 12 - Formation of the Convention People's Party (CPP)

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After breaking away from the UGCC, Kwame Nkrumah formed the Convention People's Party with the motto 'Self-government Now.' The CPP gained massive support from the common people.

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Nkrumah launched the Positive Action campaign, a series of nationwide non-violent protests and strikes. This led to his arrest and imprisonment by the British colonial government.

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1951: February - Legislative Assembly Elections

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1951: February - Legislative Assembly Elections

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Despite being in prison, Nkrumah and the CPP won a decisive victory in the first general election held in the Gold Coast. Nkrumah was released from prison to become Leader of Government Business.

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New constitutional changes gave more power to local authorities. The CPP won another electoral victory, strengthening Nkrumah's position as Prime Minister of the Gold Coast.

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A plebiscite was held regarding independence. British Togoland voted to join the Gold Coast in the upcoming independent nation. The CPP again won the general elections.

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The Gold Coast officially became Ghana, the first sub-Saharan African country to gain independence from European colonial rule. Kwame Nkrumah became the first Prime Minister and later the first President of Ghana. The event was celebrated with great joy as the Ghana flag was raised for the first time.