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1. Levantarse – to get up

Yo me levanto a las seis.
(I get up at six.)

2. Despertarse – to wake up

Ella se despierta temprano.
(She wakes up early.)

3. Ducharse – to take a shower

Nosotros nos duchamos por la mañana.
(We shower in the morning.)

4. Cepillarse (los dientes/el pelo) – to brush (teeth/hair)

Tú te cepillas los dientes después de comer.
(You brush your teeth after eating.)

5. Vestirse – to get dressed

Ellos se visten rápidamente.
(They get dressed quickly.)

6. Acostarse – to go to bed

Me acuesto a las diez.
(I go to bed at ten.)

7. Peinarse – to comb one's hair

Ella se peina antes de salir.
(She combs her hair before going out.)

8. Maquillarse – to put on makeup

Me maquillo en el baño.
(I put on makeup in the bathroom.)

9. Bañarse – to take a bath

Los niños se bañan por la noche.
(The kids take a bath at night.)

10. Sentirse – to feel

Me siento feliz hoy.
(I feel happy today.)

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Enojarse – to get angry

Me enojo cuando no escuchan.
(I get angry when they don’t listen.)

Alegrarse – to be glad / to become happy

Nos alegramos de verte.
(We’re happy to see you.)

Preocuparse – to worry

Ella se preocupa por sus hijos.
(She worries about her kids.)

Aburrirse – to get bored

Los estudiantes se aburren con la tarea.
(The students get bored with the homework.)

Asustarse – to get scared

Me asusto con las películas de terror.
(I get scared by horror movies.)

Sentirse (+ adjective) – to feel

Te sientes triste hoy.
(You feel sad today.)

Sorprenderse – to be surprised

Nos sorprendemos fácilmente.
(We get surprised easily.)

Frustrarse – to get frustrated

Se frustra cuando no entiende algo.
(He gets frustrated when he doesn’t understand something.)

Deprimirse – to become depressed

Ella se deprime en el invierno.
(She gets depressed in the winter.)

Enamorarse (de) – to fall in love (with)

Se enamoran muy rápido.
(They fall in love very quickly.)

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1. Lo hice por ti.
(I did it for you.)
→ Reason or motive (because of you).

2. Siento mucho amor por mis hijos.
(I feel a lot of love for my children.)
→ Emotion directed toward someone.

3. Gracias por ayudarme.
(Thank you for helping me.)
→ “Por” is always used after gracias to show cause or reason.

4. Lloró por la tristeza.
(She cried because of the sadness.)
→ Cause or reason for the emotion.

5. Estoy preocupado por ella.
(I’m worried about her.)
→ Emotion about someone.

✅ Examples with “PARA”

(Used to show purpose, destination, recipient, goals, etc.)

1. Este regalo es para ti.
(This gift is for you.)
→ Recipient (who is it for?).

2. Trabajo para mi familia.
(I work for my family.)
→ Purpose/goal or recipient of the benefit.

3. Estoy feliz para ti.
(I’m happy for you.)
→ Expressing happiness on someone’s behalf (less common but used).

4. Estudia para ser doctora.
(She studies to become a doctor.)
→ Goal or purpose.

5. Hice esto para ayudarte.
(I did this to help you.)
→ Intention or goal (in order to help).

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Spanish preterite tense—which is used to describe completed actions in the past—with:

Examples (including emotional or relatable actions)

English translations

A quick explanation of the verb and why it’s preterite

Common Regular Preterite Verb Endings:

Verb Type Ending Example-AR hablé, caminaste, bailaron-ER comí, bebiste, aprendió-IR viví, escribiste, abrió

Examples with Emotions or Personal Context

1. Lloré en la película.
(I cried during the movie.)
→ Emotion, completed action.

2. Se enojaron cuando perdieron el juego.
(They got mad when they lost the game.)
→ Reflexive verb in preterite + past emotion.

3. Me sentí muy feliz ayer.
(I felt very happy yesterday.)
→ “Sentirse” is reflexive and uses irregular preterite conjugation.

4. Ella se sorprendió con la noticia.
(She was surprised by the news.)
→ Sudden emotion = completed past event.

5. Nos reímos mucho en la fiesta.
(We laughed a lot at the party.)
→ Laughter as a complete past action.

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What is the Personal "a" in Spanish?

In Spanish, when a person (or pet) is the direct object of a verb, we insert "a" before them.

Think of it like a respectful pointer that signals: “Hey! A person is being acted upon here!”

Examples of the Personal "a"

1. Yo veo a mi mamá.
(I see my mom.)
→ "mi mamá" is a person = use a.

2. Queremos a nuestros amigos.
(We love our friends.)
→ "nuestros amigos" = people we care about → a needed.

3. Ella ayudó a su hermano.
(She helped her brother.)

4. Visité a mi abuela el domingo.
(I visited my grandmother on Sunday.)

5. El niño abrazó a su perro.
(The boy hugged his dog.)
→ Pets are treated like family in Spanish = a is used.

When Not to Use the Personal "a"

Don't use it if the direct object is not a person or not specific:

1. Busco mi libro.
(I'm looking for my book.)
→ “libro” is not a person.

2. Necesitamos una niñera.
(We need a babysitter.)
→ General, not a specific person = no "a".

BUT…

3. Necesitamos a la niñera de Ana.
(We need Ana’s babysitter.)
→ Now it's specific → use "a".

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What Are Direct Object Pronouns?

In Spanish, a direct object pronoun (DOP) replaces a noun that receives the action of the verb directly.

Instead of repeating the noun, we replace it with a pronoun:

me, te, lo, la, nos, os, los, las

Examples with Emotions & Real Life

1. ¿Ves a tu hermana?
(Do you see your sister?)
→ Sí, la veo. (Yes, I see her.)

2. Invité a mis amigos.
(I invited my friends.)
→ Los invité. (I invited them.)

3. Quiero mucho a mi papá.
(I love my dad very much.)
→ Lo quiero mucho. (I love him very much.)

4. Estamos escuchando la música.
(We’re listening to the music.)
→ La estamos escuchando. (We are listening to it.)

5. Voy a llamar a mi abuela.
(I’m going to call my grandma.)
→ Voy a llamarla. (I’m going to call her.)

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What Are Irregular Preterit Verbs?

The preterit tense is used to describe completed actions in the past.
Some verbs don't follow the regular -ar/-er/-ir endings — these are irregular.

They often:

Have unique stems

Use a special set of endings (often the same across different irregular verbs)

Do not have accent marks

Example Sentences with Translations

1. Tener

Tuve un mal día. (I had a bad day.)

2. Estar

Estuvimos en casa todo el fin de semana. (We were home all weekend.)

3. Hacer

¿Qué hiciste ayer? (What did you do yesterday?)

4. Poder

No pudieron entrar. (They couldn’t get in.)

5. Decir

Ella dijo la verdad. (She told the truth.)

6. Traer

Trajimos el pastel. (We brought the cake.)

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What Are "Verbos como gustar"?

They’re verbs that express feelings or reactions about something, and they follow this basic structure:

[Indirect Object Pronoun] + [Verb] + [Subject]

Example:

Me gusta el chocolate.
(Chocolate is pleasing to me.) → I like chocolate.

Agreement Rules:

The verb agrees with the thing being liked, not the person.

Use gusta for singular nouns or infinitives
→ Me gusta el libro. (I like the book.)
→ Me gusta bailar. (I like to dance.)

Use gustan for plural nouns
→ Me gustan los libros. (I like the books.)

💬 Example Sentences with Translation:

1. Me gusta el café.
(I like coffee.)

2. Nos encantan los animales.
(We love animals.)

3. ¿Te interesa la historia?
(Are you interested in history?)

4. A ella le molestan los ruidos fuertes.
(Loud noises bother her.)

5. A los niños les duele la cabeza.
(The kids’ heads hurt.)

6. Me faltan dos libros para la clase.
(I'm missing two books for class.)

7. ¿Cómo me queda esta camisa?
(How does this shirt fit me?)

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In Spanish, "to become" can be expressed in different ways depending on the context, emotion, or how sudden or intentional the change is. Here's a breakdown of the most common verbs and expressions that mean “to become,” along with examples and English translations:

1. Ponerse – for sudden, involuntary emotional or physical changes

(like mood, health, color)

Me puse triste.
→ I became sad.

Se pone nervioso antes de hablar en público.
→ He gets nervous before speaking in public.

2. Volverse – for sudden or permanent personality changes, often unexpected or negative

Se volvió loco.
→ He went crazy.

Mi vecino se ha vuelto muy antisocial.
→ My neighbor has become very antisocial.

3. Hacerse – for changes that are intentional, gradual, or due to personal effort

(profession, religion, politics, age, etc.)

Me hice maestra.
→ I became a teacher.

Ella se hizo budista.
→ She became Buddhist.

4. Llegar a ser – for a long process of becoming something prestigious or difficult

(used more formally)

Llegó a ser presidente después de muchos años.
→ He became president after many years.

Después de mucho esfuerzo, llegó a ser doctora.
→ After much effort, she became a doctor.

5. Convertirse en – for transformations, especially dramatic or physical ones

La oruga se convirtió en mariposa.
→ The caterpillar became a butterfly.

Se convirtió en un problema grave.
→ It turned into a serious problem.

6. Quedarse – for end results of a change, often negative or involving loss

Se quedó ciego después del accidente.
→ He became blind after the accident.

Nos quedamos sin palabras.
→ We were left speechless.

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What Is the Imperfect Tense Used For?

The imperfect tense describes past actions that were ongoing, habitual, or not clearly completed.

Example Sentences

Yo leía muchos libros cuando era niño.
(I used to read a lot of books when I was a child.)

Mi abuela cocinaba todos los domingos.
(My grandmother used to cook every Sunday.)

Estábamos cansados después de la caminata.
(We were tired after the walk.)

Hacía sol y los pájaros cantaban.
(It was sunny and the birds were singing.)