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Hitler ordered the capture for both Stalingrad and Caucasus to be done at the same time. Later on Hitler had reassigned the group designated to capture Stalingrad to help in Caucasus.

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Stalin issued Order No. 227, this order meant that no soldiers that were defending Stalingrad could leave the city, more commonly know as "Not One Step Back." Any one that surrendered would be subjected to a trial and face possible execution. Along with this, Stalin would not allow any evacuation of civilians, believing the soldiers would fight harder to protect them.

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Russian forces had slowed the movement of the German forces near Stalin, while Russians moved the grain and cattle out, only leaving the approximate 400 000 civilians in the city. On this day the German Wehrmacht had punctured the Northern outskirt of the city, as the Luftwaffe was dropping bombs all over the city, quickly destroying the majority of the houses. The German concentration however was based on limiting and draining the amount of supplies that could reach the Soviets.

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Soviet forces now only occupied a nine mile strip of the thirty miles of Stalingrad. Soviet troops had to receive their supplies by barge or boat from the bank across the Volga River. At this point, the battle had become one of the most violent and concentrated of the war. Areas of the city were constantly fought over by groups of troops, exchanging the holders of the territories nearly constantly. The remaining buildings after the bombings were being turned to rubble from all of the close combat.

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Soviet defenders were not watching the Volga River as the remaining supplies being sent to the troop were caught in machine gun fire from the Germans. However the Germans were also reaching an incredibly low point in their moral from the numerous losses, fatigue and as winter was approaching.

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A large scale Soviet counteroffensive plan labelled Operation Uranus was launched, becoming the turning point of the battle. It was to be launched with two groups of soldiers, both about 50 miles either North or South from Stalingrad. This attack was aimed toward the weaker flanks of the German troops, these flanks being very exposed, under armed, under manned, poorly motivated, and over stretched. This attack took the Germans by surprise as they didn't believe the Soviets could plan an attack with this much damage.

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The two groups in Operation Uranus linked together approximately sixty miles West of Stalingrad, completing the entrapment of German army. The high command urged Hitler to allow a portion of the forces to break out of the Soviets line and rejoin the main forces West of the city. Hitler would not consider any retreat or loss of the Volga River and ordered them to stay and fight. At this time, winter was setting in and their food and medical supplies were running low, along with the force from the German troops. While the Luftwaffe was going to supply the troops, they could only carry over a fraction of what would be needed.

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Hitler ordered Field Marshal Erich Von Manstein to form a special army corps to help break out the forces trapped within Stalingrad by fighting eastward into the city. However refusing to allow the forces, lead by Paulus, to fight westward at the same time. Manstein's group was entirely unable to break through as they didn't have nearly enough resources.

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The Soviets continued Operation Saturn, shrinking the area containing the German troops, also making it harder to achieve any sort of relief. All of these scenarios, leading closer to the surrender of the Germans within Stalingrad. The Volga River completely froze over, meaning Soviet resources were being sent over the ice to different points within the city. Hitler was trying to convince the soldiers to fight to death while also promoting Paulus to Field Marshal, then telling him that no officer of that rank has ever surrendered in order to manipulate him.

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Operation Ring (begun on January 1st) continued as the Soviet closed the space between them and the Germans, making the situation hopeless for the Germans. On this day, Paulus directly disobeyed Hitler by agreeing to give himself up to the Soviets. Along with him, another twenty-two generals surrendered. By February 2nd, 91 000 frozen and starving soldiers surrendered to the Soviets.

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https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/battle-of-stalingrad#section_2
https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Stalingrad