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Clinically speaking, insomnia is described as a person‘s feeling of discomfort with the amount and/or quality of their sleep. Johann Heinroth was the first to identify insomnia as a psychological disorder.

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At the University of Leipzig in Germany, Wilhelm Wundt establishes the field's first experimental psychology lab. Wundt is credited with founding psychology as a field of study.

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APA was established by G. Stanley Hall, who also served as its founding president. He later founds the American Journal of Psychology (1887) and the Journal of Applied Psychology, two influential journals in the discipline of psychology.

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In an academic study, Sigmund Freud defines psychoanalysis. According to Freud's theory, humans are driven by strong, urges and conflicts. Based on this claim, he creates an effective therapy that combines dream analysis and free association.

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Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon created an intelligence scale based on mental age using standardized testing. This study is modified by later scholars into the idea of intelligence quotient (IQ), or mental age over physical age. However, accuracy and fairness of these tests were questioned from the start.

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Behaviorism is introduced by  John B. Watson publishes when he publishes "Psychology as Behavior." Behaviorism focuses more on visible and measurable behavior than psychoanalysis does.

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1920-The Child's Conception of the World

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1920-The Child's Conception of the World

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The release of The Child's Conception of the World by Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget sparks research into how children develop their cognitive abilities.

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In Topeka, Kansas, Charles Frederick Menninger founded The Menninger Clinic along with his sons Karl Augustus and William Clair. They approach the treatment of mental disease with compassion, placing a strong emphasis on the fields of psychology and psychiatry.

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Bob Smith of Akron, Ohio, is credited with founding Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). Many other therapeutic groups use AA's style of group meetings and 12-step program as their own.

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The first frontal lobotomy in America is performed by Walter Freeman at George Washington University in Washington, D.C. More than 18,000 of these procedures had been carried out by 1951. The treatment, which aims to treat severe psychosis, is still debatable to this day.

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1946-The Psychoanalytic Treatment of Children

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1946-The Psychoanalytic Treatment of Children

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The Psychoanalytic Treatment of Children, published by Anna Freud, introduces fundamental ideas in child psychoanalysis theory and practice.

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1949-Creation of National Institute of Mental Health(NIMH)

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1949-Creation of National Institute of Mental Health(NIMH)

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The founding of the National Institute of Mental Health(NIMH) in 1949 came as a result of the of the National Mental Health Act, signed by President Harry Truman. This act helped to generously fund psychiatric training and research.

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Studies are published claiming that imipramine may help with depression. Its usage as Tofranil in the United States is authorized by the FDA eight years later.

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Neuroscientist Wilder G. Penfield starts to understand the connection between brain chemical activity and psychological events through his research on epilepsy. His discoveries opened the door for further research into the biological basis of psychological experiences.

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Psychologists start concentrating on cognitive states and behaviors after being inspired by work in mathematics and other fields. The cognitive technique was first used in George A. Miller's 1956 article "The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two" on information processing.

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1973-Homosexuality Removed from Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM)

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1973-Homosexuality Removed from Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM)

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The American Psychiatric Association removes homosexuality from the (DSM). Sexual orientation "does not always constitute a psychological disease," according to an updated version of the widely used reference book.

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The use of standardized IQ tests in California's public schools has been ruled unlawful by the U.S. District Court. The plaintiff's claim that the tests discriminate against African American students is supported by the ruling in the case of Larry P. v. Wilson Riles.

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Congress in the United States changes the federal law regarding the insanity defense, partially as a result of John Hinckley Jr.'s conviction on attempted assassination charges after shooting President Ronald Reagan. The defendant has the burden of proving the insanity defense under the law.

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The first government funding dedicated specifically for the homeless population is provided under the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act. In part as a response to psychological studies on homelessness and mental diseases, the act contain laws for mental health treatment.

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Jerome Bruner contributes to the growth of cultural psychology in Acts of Meaning, Four Lectures on Mind and Culture, a method that draws on languages, anthropology, and philosophy. Cultural psychology, developed and expanded by Hazel Markus and other scholars, focuses on the influences and connections between the mind, the cultural group, and behavior.