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Lines of Inquiry:
LOI 1:  An inquiry into different types of cats. (Form)
LOI 2: An inquiry into various relationships between people and cats.(Connection)
LOI 3: An inquiry into how we help homeless cats.(Responsibility)

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Focus on
how do we treat cats? :Treat cats as our kids/ feed them with expensive food/ cats shop/ accompany/
What kinds of relationships do we have with cats?
How do cats and people affect each other?

can do a survey to know the SGA community:

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Goal: to know the relationships of SGA community
1. Do/ Did you have cats?
2. How many cats do you have?
3.How much do you spend on cats each month?
4. Why do you want to have cats?
5. Which of the following relationships do you and your cat（s） belong to?

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How do cats impact humans?

Research has shown that cats can provide emotional support, improve moods, and contribute to the overall morale of their owners. Cats are also credited with promoting socialization among older individuals and physically or mentally disabled people. Nearly 40 million households in the United States have pet cats.

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https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/animal-emotions/202003/the-cat-human-relationship-and-factors-affect-it

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This is an excerpt from The Cat: A Natural and Cultural History by Dr. Sarah Brown, a cat behavior expert with 30 years' experience working with cats and their humans, with rescue organizations, and in the pet industry.¹ She is also the coauthor of the definitive textbook The Behaviour of the Domestic Cat. In her new book, Dr. Brown takes a scientific approach to explaining how to best build a bond with a cat as they become socialized to people and their surroundings, and how a variety of factors influence their personality.
The cat-human relationship has come a long way from the early tentative, mutually beneficial arrangement that developed around the granaries and villages of the Fertile Crescent around 10,000 years ago. Somewhere along the way, while humans firstly worshipped and then relentlessly persecuted them, cats learned to communicate with us. Just as they had to learn to put aside their solitary tendencies and tolerate other cats, they began to adapt to live in ever-closer proximity to people. For this to take place, cats needed to be able to be comfortable interacting with and being around humans-a process known as "socialization."

For many animals there is a critical period in their development during which they need to encounter individuals of their own kind and from other species in order to become socialized to them and feel at ease in their company. Scientists have shown that, in order for adult cats to be affectionate with humans, they need to have been handled during the 2- to 7-week period after their birth. This is known as the "sensitive period" of kitten development and has become a crucial point when educating owners and breeders on how to produce adult cats that are happy alongside people in the modern world. A kitten that has not been handled at all by around 8 weeks is unlikely to develop a relationship with humans-such cats usually become feral in nature. Sadly, many kittens born to free-ranging cats, particularly if the mother herself is unsocialized, are not discovered and handled early enough to socialize and they too become distant from people.

Although it is important for socialization to begin within the sensitive period, it does not have a definitive start and finish-provided socialization commences within this window of time, it will continue as the kitten grows into adulthood, building on the positive association with people it has acquired as a youngster.

Even when kittens do encounter people during their sensitive period, studies have shown that successful socialization depends on a number of factors:

1. The more a kitten is handled, the friendlier it will be to people-those handled for 40 minutes a day are friendlier than those handled for only 15 minutes, although above about an hour of handling, this effect does not increase further.

2. The number of people who actually handle the kitten is also important-the more individuals who handle a kitten, the more accepting it will be of new people in the future.

3. Finally, it is also important to introduce a kitten to women, men, children, and adults to broaden its impression of what a "human" actually is.

In addition to early socialization, it is important to introduce and accustom young kittens to everyday stimuli-those objects, sounds, and smells that they are likely to encounter more as they grow and move to new homes. Known as "habituation," this can include smells that have been gathered on a cloth, the sounds of vacuum cleaners and washing machines, different types of floor surfaces, and general household objects for them to investigate, such as paper bags and boxes.

Other factors besides early socialization can influence a cat's relationship with people. A kitten's mother, for example, can affect its friendliness toward humans, both through her own behavior, which a kitten will inevitably mimic to a certain extent, and through her genetic input. It has been shown that the temperament of the father has a distinct effect on the subsequent behavior of his kittens, with friendlier fathers producing friendlier kittens, providing socialization takes place during the sensitive period. Since male domestic cats are not involved in the raising of their offspring, this must be genetically inherited.

The personality of cats and how to measure it is a complex topic, and one that has generated much debate. Most studies seem to agree that, rather than inheriting "friendly" or "unfriendly" genes, kittens inherit from their father the tendency to be either "bold" or " shy." Bold cats are more likely to approach anything new-including people-and so, as kittens, tend to be more receptive to lots of attention during the sensitive period of socialization. This sometimes results in them becoming more "friendly" as a result. Given time and patient but plentiful handling, shy kittens can overcome their timidity and turn out as equally friendly adults. As they develop and leave their mother, potentially moving to new homes, cats encounter a range of new experiences, positive and negative, which may reinforce or alter their early perceptions of people. In this way, genetic and environmental factors combine to produce cats that display varying levels of ease around humans.

Interactions with a family cat may vary according to the age and gender of the family member concerned. Women, for example, are more likely to interact with a cat by getting down to their level on the floor, whereas men tend to stay sitting to interact with them. Adults tend to speak to a cat before interacting, giving it an opportunity to approach or move away according to its mood, whereas children tend to skip this part and often approach a cat directly, which can be met with mixed reactions, depending on the cat's personality and its previous experience of children.

With so many variables at work, the huge range of relationships between pet cats and their owners is not surprising. Many cats regard their owners simply as convenient providers of shelter and food, and will spend hours away from the home, only fleetingly passing the time of day when they return for a snack. Others may settle on a window ledge, waiting patiently for their owners to return, then follow them around, and curl up on their lap the minute they sit down.

Research has shown that cats prefer to interact with their owner than with a complete stranger and that they are more responsive to their owner's voice than that of a stranger. Some cats, particularly certain pure breeds, develop such strong attachments to their owners that they suffer from separation anxiety when left alone-expressed in various ways, including inappropriate toileting, excessive vocalization, or overgrooming.

Aloof, affectionate, serene, endearing, exasperating, elegant, enigmatic, and even savage-the cat has been described in many ways throughout its shared history with humankind. It is most notorious, however, for its independence, a quality that some may scorn but others truly admire. And yet it is partly this independence that has enabled the cat to become one of the most popular pets today, in some countries outranking even the dog as the favorite companion animal. People look for a pet that is easy to care for, ideally one that can adapt to living in more confined spaces, keep itself clean, and remain relatively undemanding, while still providing companionship. A tall order, but the domestic cat has most definitely risen to the challenge.
Facebook image: Milles Studio/Shutterstocm

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The Cat-Human Relationship and Factors That Affect It

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This is an excerpt from The Cat: A Natural and Cultural History by Dr. Sarah Brown, a cat behavior expert with 30 years' experience working with cats and their humans, with rescue organizations, and in the pet industry.1 She is also the coauthor of the definitive textbook The Behaviour of the Domestic Cat.

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What are the 5 types of cat human relationships?

The team's recently-published study explored the five different types of relationships cats develop with their owners: Pets and pet parents will develop an open relationship, a co-dependent relationship, a casual relationship, a friendship, or a remote relationship.

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Cats Form Five Different Types of Relationships with Their Owners—Find Out Which One You Share with Your Pet

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University of Lincoln researchers uncovered five different types of relationships: an open relationship, a co-dependent relationship, a casual relationship, a friendship, and a remote relationship.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_interaction_with_cats

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The human interaction with cats entails hundreds of millions of cats that are kept as pets around the world. Cats have either a mutualistic or commensal relationship with humans.

Cats are common pets in all continents of the world permanently inhabited by humans, and their global population is difficult to ascertain, with estimates ranging from anywhere between 200 million to 600 million. In 1998 there were around 76 million cats in Europe, 7 million in Japan and 3 million in Australia. A 2007 report stated that about 37 million US households owned cats, with an average of 2.2 cats per household giving a total population of around 82 million; in contrast, there are about 72 million pet dogs in that country. Cats exceeded dogs in number as pets in the United States in 1985 for the first time, in part because the development of kitty litter in the mid-20th century eliminated the unpleasantly powerful smell of cat urine.

Although cat ownership has commonly been associated with women, a 2007 Gallup poll reported that men and women in the United States of America were equally likely to own a cat. The ratio of pedigree/purebred cats to random-bred cats varies from country to country. However, generally speaking, purebreds are less than 10% of the total population.

As of 2021 in the United States, human owners of cats typically keep cats indoors at all times. In the United Kingdom most cats go outdoors from time to time, with 26% being indoors at all times.

According to the Humane Society of the United States, as well as being kept as pets, cats are also used in the international fur trade. Cat fur is used in coats, gloves, hats, shoes, blankets and stuffed toys. About 24 cats are needed to make a cat fur coat. This use has now been outlawed in several countries, including the United States, Australia and the European Union countries. However, despite being outlawed, some cat furs are still made into blankets in Switzerland as folk remedies that are believed to help rheumatism.

Cats, as with the traditional farm cat and ship's cat, are also used for pest control, particularly in the case of rat or mouse infestation. As such, they are sometimes referred to as a " mouser", and in the United Kingdom there is even the official title of ' Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office' since the 1500s (additional duties include "greeting guests to the house, inspecting security defences, and testing antique furniture for napping quality").

The current list of cat breeds is quite large: with the US Cat Fanciers' Association recognizing 41 breeds, of which 16 are "natural breeds" that probably emerged before humans began breeding pedigree cats, while the others were developed over the latter half of the 20th century. Because of common crossbreeding, many cats are simply identified as belonging to the homogeneous breeds of domestic longhair and domestic shorthair, depending on their type of fur.

Because of their small size, domesticated house cats pose little physical danger to adult humans. However, in the US cats inflict about 400,000 bites per year. This number represents about one in ten of all animal bites. Cat bites may become infected, sometimes with serious consequences such as cat-scratch disease, or, very rarely, rabies. Cats may also pose a danger to pregnant women and immunosuppressed individuals, since their feces, in rare cases, can transmit toxoplasmosis. A large percentage of cats are infected with this parasite, with infection rates ranging from around 40 to 60% in both domestic and stray cats worldwide. Research indicates a correlation between the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, which sexually reproduces exclusively in cats, and numerous human psychiatric conditions, including OCD. The compulsive hoarding of cats, a symptom of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), has long been associated with "crazy cat ladies".

Allergic reactions to cats are relatively common, happening in as many as every 3 in 10 Americans. The major allergen, Fel d 1, is found in the saliva and/or dander of all cat breeds. There have been attempts to breed hypoallergenic cats, which would be less likely to provoke an allergic reaction. Some humans who are allergic to cats-typically manifested by hay fever, asthma, or a skin rash-quickly acclimate themselves to a particular animal and live comfortably in the same house with it, while retaining an allergy to cats in general.[better source needed ] Whether the risk of developing allergic diseases such as asthma is increased or decreased by cat ownership is uncertain. Some owners cope with this problem by taking allergy medicine, along with bathing their cats frequently, since weekly bathing will reduce the amount of dander shed by a cat.

As well as posing health risks, interactions with cats may improve health and reduce physical responses to stress: for example the presence of cats may moderately decrease blood pressure. Cat ownership may also improve psychological health by providing emotional support and dispelling feelings of depression, anxiety and loneliness. Their ability to provide companionship and friendship are common reasons given for owning a cat.

From another point of view, cats are thought to be able to improve the general mood of their owners by alleviating negative attitudes. According to a Swiss study carried out in 2003, cats may change the overall psychological state of their owner as their company's effect appears to be comparable to that of a human partner. The researchers concluded that, while cats were not shown to promote positive moods, they do alleviate negative ones.

One study found that cat ownership is associated with a reduced risk of heart attacks and strokes at the 95% confidence interval.

Several studies have shown that cats develop affection towards their owners. However, the effect of these pets on human health is closely related to the time and effort the cat owner is able to invest in it, in terms of bonding and playing.

Ailurophobia is a rare animal phobia affecting humans characterized by the persistent and excessive fear or hate of cats. The exact cause of ailurophobia is unknown and potential treatment usually involves therapy. The case of Steven Bouquet is a classic example of ailurophobia.

Therapy cats

Some cats, called "therapy cats" are trained to help ailing humans in a medically beneficial way to take advantage of the human-animal interaction for purposes of relaxation and healing. Certain breeds are desirable when looking into therapy cats due to their personality and temperament. Some examples of preferred breeds are Ragdolls, Maine Coons, American Shorthairs, Siamese, and Persians. The important traits to look for in a cat include a steady demeanor with tolerance to sights and sounds that are unfamiliar or sudden, petting that could be awkward or rough, and the ability to stay calm when being poked or pulled in unusual manners. Therapy cats must also be acclimated to humans of all ages and enjoy engaging with strangers daily. Some therapy cats are used as alternatives to therapy dogs due to the cats size and nature, allowing them to work with patients/people who might otherwise be scared of dogs. Therapy cats should still be accustomed to dogs since most visits happen in conjunction with one another.

The presence of cats in addition to their purring as well as petting them can deliver both psychological and physical benefits. Therapy cats are being used as companions to help the recovery and well-being of people who have had strokes, high blood pressure, anxiety, and/or depression to name a few.

Therapy cats are utilized as companions at juvenile detention centers; for children with developmental disabilities; and for children with language, speech and hearing difficulties. Therapy cats are also sometimes used in hospitals to relax children who are staying there, as well as helping those in hospice care cope with their terminal illness.

A natural behavior in cats is to hook their front claws periodically into suitable surfaces and pull backwards. Cats, like humans, keep their muscles trim and their body flexible by stretching. Additionally, such periodic scratching serves to clean and sharpen their claws. Indoor cats may benefit from being provided with a scratching post so that they are less likely to use carpet or furniture, which they can easily ruin. However, some cats may simply ignore such a device. Commercial scratching posts typically are covered in carpeting or upholstery. Using a plain wooden surface, or reversing the carpeting on the posts so that the rougher texture of the carpet backing, may be a more attractive alternative to the cat than the floor covering. Scratching posts made of sisal rope or corrugated cardboard are also common.

Although scratching can serve cats to keep their claws from growing excessively long, their nails can be trimmed if necessary. Another response to indoor scratching is onychectomy, commonly known as declawing. This is a surgical procedure to remove the claw and first bone of each digit of a cat's paws. Declawing is most commonly only performed on the front feet. A related procedure is tendonectomy, which involves cutting a tendon needed for cats to extend their claws. Declawing is a major surgical procedure and can produce pain and infections.

Since this surgery is almost always performed for the benefit of owners, it is controversial and remains uncommon outside of North America. In many countries, declawing is prohibited by animal welfare laws and it is ethically controversial within the veterinary community. While both the Humane Society of the United States and the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals strongly discourage or condemn the procedure, the American Veterinary Medical Association supports the procedure under certain guidelines and finds "no scientific evidence that declawing leads to behavioral abnormalities when the behavior of declawed cats is compared with that of cats in control groups." They further argue that many cats would be given up and euthanized were declawing not performed.

Cat getting his nails trimmed

Being fastidious self-cleaners, cats detest their own waste and instinctually bury their urine and feces. House cats are usually provided with a box containing litter, generally consisting of bentonite, but sometimes other absorbent material such as shredded paper or wood chips, or sometimes sand or similar material can be used. It should be cleaned daily and changed often, depending on the number of cats using it and the type of litter; if it is not kept clean, a cat may be fastidious enough to find other locations for urination or defecation. This may also happen for other reasons; for instance, if a cat becomes constipated and defecation is uncomfortable, it may associate the discomfort with the litter box and avoid it in favor of another location.

Daily attention to the litter box also serves as a monitor of the cat's health. Bentonite or clumping litter is a variation which absorbs urine into clumps which can be sifted out along with feces, and thus stays cleaner longer with regular sifting, but has sometimes been reported to cause health problems in some cats.

Some cats can be trained to use the human toilet, eliminating the litter box and its attendant expense, unpleasant odor, and the need to use landfill space for disposal.

An exhibit at the San Diego Natural History Museum states that cat feces from urban runoff carry Toxoplasma gondii parasites to the ocean and kill sea otters.

Cats and humans evolutionarily diverged from a common ancestor ( boreoeutherian ancestor) approximately 80 million years ago, accumulating only 10-12 chromosomal translocations. The order of eight genes on the cats' Y chromosome closely resembles that in humans. Genes on X chromosomes of cats and humans are arranged in a similar way.

Domestic cats are affected by over 250 naturally occurring hereditary disorders, many of which are similar to those in humans, such as diabetes, hemophilia and Tay-Sachs disease. For example, Abyssinian cat's pedigree contains a genetic mutation that causes retinitis pigmentosa, which also affects humans. The domestic cat is also an excellent model for human infectious diseases, including HIV/AIDS. Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a genetic relative of HIV.

1. ^ Legay, J. M. (1986). "Tentative estimation of the total number of domestic cats in the world". Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série III. 303 (17): 709-12. PMID 3101986.

2. ^ Stanley D. Gehrt; Seth P. D. Riley; Brian L. Cypher (12 March 2010). Urban Carnivores: Ecology, Conflict, and Conservation. JHU Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-9389-6.

3. ^ Turner, Dennis C.; Bateson, Patrick, eds. (2000). The Domestic Cat: The Biology of its Behaviour (2nd ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-63648-5.

4. ^ Abby Ellin (5 October 2008). "More Woman are Unabashedly Embracing Their Love of Cats". The New York Times.

5. Jones, Jeffrey M. (30 November 2007). "Companionship and Love of Animals Drive Pet Ownership". Gallup, Inc.

6. ^ "What Is That They're Wearing?" (PDF). Humane Society of the United States. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 December 2006.

7. ^ Clones, Cats, And Chemicals: Thinking Scientifically About Controversial Issues. p. 9. Irwin L. Slesnick (2004).

8. ^ Pests of Crops in Warmer Climates and Their Control. p. 120. Dennis S. Hill (2008).

9. ^ Lipinski, Monika J.; Froenicke, Lutz; Baysac, Kathleen C.; Billings, Nicholas C.; Leutenegger, Christian M.; Levy, Alon M.; Longeri, Maria; Niini, Tirri; Ozpinar, Haydar (January 2008). "The ascent of cat breeds: Genetic evaluations of breeds and worldwide random-bred populations". Genomics. 91 (1): 12-21. doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2007.10.009. PMC . PMID 18060738.

10. ^ Meireles LR, Galisteo AJ, Pompeu E, Andrade HF (2004). "Toxoplasma gondii spreading in an urban area evaluated by seroprevalence in free-living cats and dogs". Trop. Med. Int. Health. 9 (8): 876-81. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2004.01280.x. PMID 15303992. S2CID 35384028.

11. ^ Simpson A, Custovic A (2003). "Early pet exposure: friend or foe?". Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 3 (1): 7-14. doi:10.1097/00130832-200302000-00002. PMID 12582308. S2CID 5713721.

12. ^ Simpson A, Custovic A (2005). "Pets and the development of allergic sensitization". Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 5 (3): 212-20. doi:10.1007/s11882-005-0040-x. PMID 15842959. S2CID 22582593.

13. ^ Allen, K.; Blascovich, J.; Mendes, W. B. (2002). "Cardiovascular reactivity and the presence of pets, friends, and spouses: the truth about cats and dogs". Psychosom Med. 64 (5): 727-739. doi:10.1097/01.PSY.0000024236.11538.41. PMID 12271103. S2CID 32265127.

14. ^ Turner, Dennis C.; Rieger, G.; Gygax, L. (2003). "Abstract: 'Spouses and Cats and Their Effects on Human Mood'". ScientificCommons.org. Berlin: magazine.One UG. Archived from the original on 15 July 2009.

15. ^ Serpell, J. (3 October 2011). "Beneficial Effects of Pet Ownership on Some Aspects of Human Health and Behaviour". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 84 (12): 717-720. doi:10.1177/014107689108401208. PMC . PMID 1774745.

16. ^ London, Louis S. (January 1952). "Ailurophobia and ornithophobia: Cat phobia and bird phobia". The Psychiatric Quarterly. 26 (1-4): 365-371. doi:10.1007/BF01568473. PMID 14949213. S2CID 30238029.

17. Milosevic, Irena; McCabe, Randi E. (2015). ^ Phobias: the psychology of irrational fear. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 11-12. ISBN 978-1-61069-575-6. OCLC 895030322.

18. ^ Bernstein, Penny L. (2007). "The Human-Cat Relationship". The Welfare of Cats. The Welfare Of Cats. Animal Welfare. Vol. 3. Springer Netherlands. pp. 47-89. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-3227-1_3. ISBN 978-1-4020-3226-4.

19. ^ Center, AniMeals No-Kill Adoption; Bank, Animal Food (10 April 2012). ""The Special Love of Therapy Cats" (via catsplay.com)". CHECK OUT OUR BLOG.

20. ^ Tomaszewska, Katarzyna; Bomert, Iga; Wilkiewicz-Wawro, Elżbieta (1 August 2017). "Feline-assisted therapy: Integrating contact with cats into treatment plans". Polish Annals of Medicine. 24 (2): 283-286. doi:10.1016/j.poamed.2016.11.011.

21. Welfare Implications of Declawing of Domestic Cats Archived 13 March 2014 at archive.today American Veterinary Medical Association 9 April 2009

22. ^ Patronek, G. J. (2001). "Assessment of claims of short- and long-term complications associated with onychectomy in cats". J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 219 (7): 932-7. doi:10.2460/javma.2001.219.932. PMID 11601788. Archived from the original on 7 August 2010.

23. ^ Hornfeldt, CS; Westfall (1996). "Suspected bentonite toxicosis in a cat from ingestion of clay cat litter". Veterinary and Human Toxicology. 38 (5): 365-6. PMID 8888544.

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The human interaction with cats entails hundreds of millions of cats that are kept as pets around the world. Cats have either a mutualistic or commensal relationship with humans. Cats are common pets in all continents of the world permanently inhabited by humans, and their global population is difficult to ascertain, with estimates ranging from anywhere between 200 million to 600 million.

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The Effects of Cats on Human Moods

Rieger and Turner (42) and Turner and Rieger (43) discovered that not only the mere presence of a cat in the household, but also interactions with the cat reduce measureable negative moods in the person, e.g., anxiety, depression, and introversion. The depressive owner initiates fewer interactions with the cat, but when the cat approaches that person, s/he accepts the intent of the cat to interact, which affects the human's mood. The cat also changes its behavior in response to depressiveness of the human when close to the person (but not at a distance), vocalizing more frequently with the person and head- and flank-rubbing more often on that person. More mood subscales in women than in men are affected by the cat, and they are more strongly affected than in men. Turner et al. (44) concluded that only the partner, but not the cat, enhances positive moods, while the cats alleviate negative moods. This effect was comparable to the effect of a human partner.

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Communication Between Cats and With Humans

Cat-cat visual, olfactory and auditory communication have been fairly well deciphered beginning with Leyhausen's (14) original work on the body and facial signals used [expanded by (15–17)]. Cats often use some of the same visual and vocal signals when interacting with people. When they approach another familiar cat and greet their keepers after a short absence, they raise their tails upright, presumably as a sign of friendly intentions. Only domesticated cats use this signal and it has been suggested that there was selective pressure for such a signal in the dense temple colonies of ancient Egypt (18). To get our attention, they flank-rub on our legs (which might also mark us) and head-rub—forehead to forehead—with cats they know well, presumably marking each other (and us) with a scent (1, 19). Bernstein and Friedmann [(20), also citing (21)] reported that cats preferred certain places on their bodies, particularly the head region, for being stroked, modified their postures to promote access to those preferred regions, and even led their keepers to preferred places in the home for petting episodes. Ellis et al. (22) determined that both handler familiarity and body region stroked significantly influenced negative behavioral responses. Bernstein and Friedmann (op cit.) also mentioned the cat's closing of the eyes in this relaxed situation (sometimes called the “slow blink”). This slow-blink has received more attention recently and when previously unfamiliar persons initiate such blinking, cats tend to approach them more often (23).

Auditory communication by cats has been and continues to be examined [reviewed by (17)], most recently by Schötz et al. (24) using phonetic analyses of cat-to-human vocalizations. It is generally known that cats vocalize more frequently with their human companions than with other cats (1). Yeon et al. (25) found that meows are attention-seeking vocalizations in interspecific situations and higher pitched (subjectively more pleasant) than in feral cats and wild ancestors. They also modify their purrs when actively soliciting food (more urgent and less pleasant than when just resting as perceived by the human raters) and people are capable of distinguishing these (26), both behaviors probably learned over time in interactions. Ellis et al. (27) reported that 40% of their human participants identified the correct contexts of cat vocalizations more often than by chance when the vocalizations belonged to their own cat, but did not perform above chance when the calls belonged to an unfamiliar cat. Interestingly, Saito et al. (28) demonstrated with the habituation-dishabituation method that privately owned cats can discriminate their own names from other words, which leads now to other studies in the area of social cognition in cats.

Recent work on social cognition in cats also has relevance to cat-human communication. Vitale Shreve and Udell (29) provided a first review of what was known and still to be discovered and a number of studies have since been published. Pongracz and his colleagues in Hungary have been particularly active this this area. Even though Miklosi et al. (30) had already shown differences between dogs and cats in their ability to use human pointing gestures, especially that cats lacked some components of attention-getting behavior compared with dogs, Pongracz et al. (31) demonstrated that cats were indeed able to read and follow human gaze for referential information. Galvan and Vonk (32) found that cats were only modestly sensitive to emotions as indicated by human postural and vocal cues, but particularly when displayed by their owner. Quaranta et al. (33) demonstrated experimentally that cats are indeed capable to cross-modally match pictures of emotional faces with their related vocalizations in both conspecifics and humans, especially for high intensity emotions. These authors concluded that cats have a general mental representation for the emotions of their social partners, both conspecific and human.

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relationships cats and people - Google Search

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LOI 1: An inquiry into the history of cats. (Form)
LOI 2: An inquiry into changes in the way human beings treat cats (Change)
LOI 3: An inquiry into building a good relationship between cats and people. (Connection)

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在历史上是非常神圣的？
现在有很多流浪猫？
为什么？
some organizations help cats

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LOI 2: An inquiry into changes in the way human beings treat cats (Change)

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LOI 2: An inquiry into changes in the way human beings treat cats (Change)

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How do we treat cats in the history?(beliefs and values/ society)
How do we treat cats now? (do we have some policy? do we have some organizations to protect cats?...)
Why do we have these changes? (reasons for changes/ beliefs and values/ economy)

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https://www.boehringer-ingelheim.com/animal-health/animal-health-news/history-cats

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Middle East

Researchers recently discovered that, in the Mesopotamia region and Turkey, and on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus, cats were living with among people thousands of years before they existed in Egypt. In fact, evidence suggests that people domesticated cats in the Middle East more than 10,000 years ago, and cats were revered in many of the region's traditions. Researchers consider the Middle East the place where people first domesticated cats. Additionally, the first evidence of the "blotched" or "tabby" coat pattern cat, which commonly appears in domesticated cats, appeared in Turkey during the 14th century.

Africa

The ancient Egyptians began domesticating the African wildcat as early as 4,000 years ago. In ancient Egypt, people believed that cats were magical, divine and godlike. In fact, ancient Egyptians worshipped a feline goddess named Bastet, who was depicted as half-feline, half-woman. Throughout the artifacts from ancient Egypt, cats are a symbolic fixture, illustrating their value, popularity and companionship with humans. Even in death, people immortalized the cats of ancient Egypt as mummies.

Asia

Around 3,000 B.C., the people of China began to domesticate the leopard cat and the western wildcat for pest control. During the Sung Dynasty (960 - 1279), people cherished cats as loyal pets. Artists depicted them in paintings and sculptures. The Chinese culture considered the cat as a symbol of good luck.

Europe

During the Middle Ages, many people considered cats demonic and associated them with darkness and witchcraft. As a result, popes and high-ranking officials condemned cats, and the animals were often tortured and killed. In more modern times, especially the Age of Enlightenment in the 17th and 18th century, cats began to shed their negative reputation and regained popularity as a loyal pet. Today, cats are one of the most popular and cherished pets in Europe. A recent Boehringer Ingelheim and IPSOS joint study found that over 91 percent of cat owners say their cat has a positive effect on their lives.

North and South America

Cats arrived in North and South America with European settlers. As the settlers began to cultivate the land, cats helped establish the unique human-animal bond through their natural ability to hunt, drive away rodents and serve as loyal companion pets. Today, the domestic cat is the most popular household pet in the U.S., with nearly 74 million cats living in homes.

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Researchers recently discovered that, in the Mesopotamia region and Turkey, and on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus, cats were living with among people thousands of years before they existed in Egypt. In fact, evidence suggests that people domesticated cats in the Middle East more than 10,000 years ago, and cats were revered in many of the region's traditions.

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https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/24/science/cats-humans-bonding.html

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Cats Like People! (Some People, Anyway) (Published 2019)

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Despite apparent aloofness, cats are social creatures capable of relationships with people, a new study suggests.

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Focus on welfare charities/ organizations.
What kinds of welfare charities do we have all over the world?
What kinds of welfare charities/ organizations do we have in China?

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Central Idea:
1. Human beings can share the planet with all kinds of cats.

Brainstorm:
let cats go into more families
help cats
Share our planet with cats

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https://www.canva.com/

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Canva is a free-to-use online graphic design tool. Use it to create social media posts, presentations, posters, videos, logos and more.

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One article https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/facts/domestic-cat

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Help and Advice | Expert Cat Care Guides | Cats Protection

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Looking for help and advice on basic cat care, behaviour and health issues? Our expert guides have all the help you need - browse the categories now!

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https://www.google.com.hk/search?q=cats+history&newwindow=1&source=lnms&tbm=vid&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjwoLiO4dr9AhU5rlYBHZVNCtMQ_AUoAnoECAIQBA&biw=1350&bih=605&dpr=2#fpstate=ive&vld=cid:42b810d2,vid:Jsj-hDW9bS8

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Sign up for our newsletter and never miss an animation: http://bit.ly/TEDEdNewsletterView full lesson:…

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https://mybritishshorthair.com/british-shorthair-colours-full-guide/

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When many people picture a British Shorthair, the image that springs to mind is the classic British Blue: a handsome kitty with solid blue-grey fur and amber eyes. In actual fact, though, British Shorthairs exist in a range of amazing colors and patterns: Blue, White, Black, Chocolate, Lilac, Red, Ginger, Cinnamon, Fawn, Cream, Tabby, and more...

Many of these have been formally recognized by the various cat registries. Besides completely solid colorings (what are called "self" colors in cat fancier parlance), many patterns are recognized including points, calicos, tortoiseshells, and many kinds of tabby.

While some colorations are not recognized and would disqualify the cat as a show animal, they are often beautiful and endearing in their own way. In this article, we'll discuss the breed in general before taking an in-depth look at all the gorgeous colors that a British Shorthair can manifest.

The British Shorthair breed

The British Shorthair is one of the world's most beloved pedigree cat breeds. It's very easy to see why: not only are they very winsome and prepossessing to look at, they have charming natures. While not given to extended sessions of lap time, they are nonetheless deeply affectionate, loyal and easy to get on with.

The British Shorthair is a friendly character, quite laid-back and not prone to hostility or destructiveness. When provoked, she prefers to take her to leave and make a graceful exit to the nearest high spot rather than throwing a tantrum.

Physically these cats are very engaging: the breed standard calls for a stocky, muscular body (termed "cobby" in the official descriptions) with a broad chest. The ideal British Shorthair has short, well-developed limbs, round paws and a blunt tail with a broad base.

The small ears are rounded and set rather far apart on the kitty's head, which makes her head look even rounder than it already is. A British Shorthair's skull is brachycephalic but not to an overly pronounced degree; this breed has a slightly snub nose, not a squashed one.

The chin should be nice and strong, lining up perfectly with the nose. The face of a British Shorthair cat has large whisker pads and, in some males, noticeable jowls. With its round eyes and the suggestion of a permanent smile, the British Shorthair cat's face has a natural friendliness that can't help but charm anybody who meets one.

Eye colors in British Shorthair cats

British Shorthair cats can have a number of different eye colours. To be a show animal, however, they should have deep orange eyes. Blue or mismatched eyes are only accepted in white BSH cats; green or hazel eyes are accepted only in black silver tabbies. Eye colour needs to be pure, without rims or flecks of other colours in the iris.

Blue British Shorthair (The "British Blue")

This coloration is, in many people's minds, the epitome of the British Shorthair. It's one of the oldest in the breed, created by breeding the British Shorthair line with Russian Blues many generations ago. It's a tremendously appealing coloration.

British shorthairs come in a variety of colors, but the most popular is the blue variety. This color is caused by a gene that dilutes the black pigment in the fur, and it's recognized by all major cat associations. The blue coat can be anywhere from light to dark, but it always has a bluish tinge to it. Some people think of the blue British shorthair as the "dove" of the cat world, due to its soft, muted coloring.

The blue coat is often described as "smoky" or "ashy" and is one of the most sought-after colors in the breed. It's also one of the most genetically recessive, which means that not all cats carrying the gene will express it fully. This can result in cats with a lighter coat or even partial blue coloring. Regardless of how faint the color may be, a British shorthair with a blue coat is still considered to be a blue British shorthair.

To Blue British Shorthair's coat is completely solid and very pure: a dense, crisp coat of light to medium blue-grey, without any spots or even a hint of tabby striping. In particular, there should be no white hairs anywhere.

In kittens, silver tipping is permissible but the cat needs to outgrow it in order to become a really top-class show animal. Nose leather and toe pads should also be blue to match the cat's coat.

The cat's eyes should be a strong coppery orange or rich amber; this can take a few months to fully manifest, with many British Blue kittens having eyes of flat brown until they grow into their adult colour.

White British Shorthair Cats

Can British Shorthair be white? Yes, white British shorthairs are a unique breed of cat that is easily identifiable by their coloration. They have a pure white coat of fur that is devoid of any markings or stripes. Their fur is short and sleek, and they have round faces and large eyes. This breed is recognized by all major associations, and they are prized for their distinctive coloring.

The white coat of a British shorthair is the result of a genetic mutation. This mutation causes the production of melanin, which is the pigment that gives hair its color, to be completely absent. As a result, these cats have a completely white coat of fur. While this mutation is not desirable in most other breeds of cat, it is prized in the British shorthair because it results in distinctive and unique coloration.

British shorthairs with a white coat are prized for their beauty and rarity. They are recognized by all major associations, and they are often sought after by cat lovers and collectors. They are an interesting breed to watch, and their unique coloration makes them stand out from the crowd.

Self or solid-colour BSH cats can be pure white - the only time that any white hair is accepted on this breed. To be a show-quality cat the white needs to be clean and pure, with no tinge of yellow or other colours. A white British Shorthair cat can have sapphire blue eyes (known as a blue-eyed white British Shorthair). Orange-eyed white British Shorthair cats should have copper, amber or deep gold eyes.

Odd eyes are also accepted by the breed standard. Odd-eyed BSH cats must have one sapphire blue eye and one amber or golden eye; other eye-colour combinations are not accepted. Nose leather and paw pads should be pink. In kittens, colouration on the head may be accepted but not in the adult.

Black British Shorthair Cat

Can British Shorthairs be black? Yes, the Black British Shorthair cat is a beautiful cat with a sleek black coat and orange eyes. They are very loving and affectionate cats and make great companions. Black British Shorthairs are very laid-back cats and do not require a lot of exercises.

Black British Shorthair cats are content to lounge around the house and watch the world go by. They do not like loud noises or being disturbed when they are sleeping.

The coloration of the Black British Shorthair is due to a genetic mutation that occurred in the early 19th century. This mutation resulted in a black cat with orange eyes. The Black British Shorthair is not actually a purebred cat, but rather a mixed breed of cat. However, they are recognized by most major cat registries.

Black British Shorthair cats need to have fur of the purest jet black, with no rusty shades or brown patches. A little tinge of rust is okay when the cat is still a kitten; they tend to grow out of it.

In an adult cat, the fur should be solidly black. A black British Shorthair cat should have black nose leather and paw pads (no pink or brown "toe-beans"). The classic orange eye colour of this breed makes an arresting combination with deep black fur.

Chocolate self-coloured British Shorthair cats

Chocolate British Shorthairs get their colouration from cross-breeding with chocolate Persians (followed by extensive work to rein in the tendency to longer hair and regain the proper coat texture). It's a charming colour, especially combined with the British Shorthair's orange eyes. The coat colour in this breed can vary somewhat, with any shade of rich chocolate being accepted within the breed standard. Paw pads and nose leather may be either chocolate or pink.

Lilac self-coloured British Shorthair cats

"Lilac" in cat fancy jargon denotes a delicate frosty grey, lighter than the classic blue and with a noticeable pinkish tone. This combination of shades creates the cat's overall lilac colouration. The nose leather and paw pads of a lilac British Shorthair should be a similar pinkish lilac to the fur.

Red (Ginger) self-coloured British Shorthair cats

Red as a British Shorthair colour is still at the provisional stage; it's quite a recent addition. The coat colour should be a deep rich red, with a few tabby stripes or markings anywhere as possible. The cat's nose and pads should be brick red. Like red-haired humans, these cats sometimes have freckles on their bare spots, such as pads, nose leather, ears, eyelids and lips. As long as the freckling is slight, it won't be penalised by show judges even in a mature cat.

Cinnamon self-coloured British Shorthair cats

Cinnamon is another fairly new addition to the breed standard. Cats with this colouration are a warm reddish-brown, exactly like the spice their colour is named for. They can have pink or cinnamon noses and paw pads.

Fawn self-coloured British Shorthair cats

Fawn BSH cats have coats of a warm mushroom colour with a rosy hue. Their nose leather and paw pads need to be a pinkish fawn to conform to the breed standard. This colouration's commonest fault is silver tipping, which is only permissible in kittenhood.

Read Also: Siberian Cat Colors And Patterns - Complete Guide

Cream self-coloured British Shorthair cats

"Cream" in the breed standard refers to a warm but pale off-white hue, neither as ruddy as the red colouration nor as dark as the fawn. The cat's nose leather and paw pads should be pink. Cream BSH cats may have a few tabby markings, which should be as faint and slight as possible. Like red BSH cats they sometimes have freckles; as long as freckling is slight, it's acceptable in adult cats.

Tabby British Shorthair cats

Tabby markings in British Shorthair cats fall into one of three categories: classic tabby, mackerel tabby and spotted tabby. In all varieties, the markings need to be clear and dense in colour, well-defined and not faint or blurred. Markings should not be brindled. There should be no white anywhere; lips and chin can be lighter than the rest of the cat but mustn't be white.

The cat's cheeks should have narrow lines and there should be an unbroken line of "mascara" running from the outer corner of both eyes. The tabby's ears should be the same colour as the stripes, with a "thumbprint" of the ground colour at the base. In classic, mackerel and spotted tabby cats, the face markings should include a letter "M" on the forehead that looks rather like a frown.

There should be lines running from the M, over the cat's head, and down to the markings on the cat's shoulders. In both varieties of tabby, the cat's tail should have ring-shaped markings that are narrow and as numerous as possible. The tip of the tail should be the same colour as the stripes.

The belly should show spotted markings and a tabby's toes should also be spotted. In classic and mackerel tabbies the cat's legs should be barred with even markings; the "bracelets" ringing the tabby's legs need to extend from the body markings to the cat's paws. On the hind legs, the markings need to extend from the hock to the sole of the foot. In spotted tabbies the pattern on the legs should be spotted rather than barred; we shall go into more detail about the spotted tabby's colouration in a later section. Symmetry is important; the markings should be exactly similar reflections on either side of the cat. The ground colour and stripe colour should be evenly balanced with neither dominating.

Classic tabby body markings in British Shorthair cats

The classic tabby cat's markings should include a butterfly shape across the shoulders. Both this butterfly pattern's wings, upper and lower, should be clearly defined and crisp. The butterfly's wings should be broken up with patches of the lighter ground colour. The classic tabby pattern features a line leading from this butterfly, down the back to the tail. This line should be unbroken and there should be lines on either side of it, running unbroken down the length of the cat's back. On each flank there should be an oyster-shaped oblong mark with at least one unbroken ring around it. Tail rings need to be complete on a classic tabby.

Mackerel tabby body markings in British Shorthair cats

Mackerel tabbies should have the same facial markings seen on the classic tabby. The mackerel tabby pattern is characterised by many narrow stripes, without the oblong "islands" seen in the classic tabby. There should be one central line running unbroken along the length of the cat's spine, with broken lines on either side of it. The ring-shaped stripes surrounding the tail may be complete or broken.

Black silver tabby coloured British Shorthair cats

The coat colour for this type has markings of a dense black and ground colour of silver, producing a dramatic contrast; it's no wonder that this particular colouration is very highly sought after among cat fanciers. This variety of British Shorthair can have green or hazel eyes alongside the breed standard eyes of orange. Nose Leather should be brick red, preferably; black nose leather is also allowed. Paw pads should be black. A brown tinge on the nose or paws constitutes a fault in this colour.

Blue silver tabby coloured British Shorthair cats

This lovely variety of British Shorthair has a ground colour of pale silvery blue with darker blue markings. It's a very attractive combination, a bit more subtle than the black silver tabby. The nose leather ought to be blue according to the standard, while the paw pads may be blue or pink.

Chocolate silver tabby coloured British Shorthair cats

The stripes and other markings for this colour should be a shade of rich chocolate brown, while the ground colour should be a pale silvery shade of chocolate. The nose Leather should be chocolate. Paw Pads can be either
chocolate or pink in colour.

Lilac silver tabby coloured British Shorthair cats

The lilac silver tabby is an unusual and charming colouration. The coat colour has markings of a warm pinkish grey, while the ground colour is a pale silvery lilac. It's quite a subtle combination, almost ethereal. The cat's nose leather and paw pads should have a pink shade, which can be dark or pale.

Red silver tabby coloured British Shorthair cats

This is a vivid and vibrant colouration, with a rather more pronounced degree of contrast than the conventional "ginger" tabby cat. The coat colour for this variety has deep red markings on a ground colour of pale silvery cream. The cat's nose leather and paw pads should be a nice rich red.

Cream silver tabby coloured British Shorthair cats

This is a very light and subtle variation on the tabby theme. The coat colour should have markings of a warm cream on a ground colour that's silvery, almost white. The nose leather and paw pads should be a light or rosy pink.

Red tabby coloured British Shorthair cats

Not to be confused with the red silver tabby, these cats have a light red ground colour (although not too light, as an overly pale ground constitutes a fault). The cat's markings should be deep rich red. The cat's nose leather should be brick red in colour. Paw pads should also be red. This is one of the oldest pattern colours in the breed and is very popular.

Brown tabby coloured British Shorthair cats

These cats have a deep and subtle colouration, with markings of dense jet black on a rich copper brown ground. An overly pale brown ground colour constitutes a fault in this combination. Nose Leather can be black but brick red noses are preferred. Paw Pads should be black.

Blue tabby coloured British Shorthair cats

The ground colour for this variant should be a soft bluish fawn. The stripes and other markings should be a deep blue. The nose leather may be blue or pink, as may the paw pads.

Chocolate tabby coloured British Shorthair cats

The coat colour standard for this variant specifies markings of rich chocolate brown. The ground colour should be a warm-toned bronze, neither too light nor too dark. The cat's nose leather should be chocolate brown in colour. The paw pads need to be chocolate or pink.

Lilac tabby coloured British Shorthair cats

Lilac tabby BSH cats have markings of lilac - that is to say, a warm grey with a distinctly pink hue. The ground colour is a cool light beige. Nose leather and paw pads in a lilac tabby should be pinkish.

Cream tabby coloured British Shorthair cats

These pretty cats have rich cream markings against a lighter ground colour of pale cream with a cool tone. Their nose leather and paw pads should both be pink.

Spotted tabby markings in British Shorthair cats

The spotted tabby should have the same head markings as the mackerel and classic tabby types. The body markings should consist of clearly defined spots of a dark colour against a lighter ground colour. Spotted tabby British Shorthairs have the same set of acceptable colourations as compared to their mackerel and classic tabby cousins. The following colours are accepted in spotted tabbies as for the classic and mackerel varieties:

Brown spotted

Blue spotted

Chocolate spotted

Lilac spotted

Red spotted

Cream spotted

Black silver spotted

Blue silver spotted

Chocolate silver spotted

Lilac silver spotted

Red silver spotted

Cream silver spotted

As well as the varieties listed above spotted British Shorthairs may also have tortoiseshell tabby colourations.

Tortie (tortoiseshell tabby) British Shorthair cats

The tortie tabby colouration is a combination of both tortoiseshell and tabby patterns, with the tabby spots or stripes being overlaid with patches in shades of cream or red. The markings and the patches should both be nice and distinct, with light red and/or dark red over the non- dilute colours (stripes or spots) or pale cream in the dilute (ground) colours. The colours should be strong and dense. Recognised tabby colourations include tortie tabby, tortie silver tabby, tortie spotted and tortie silver spotted British Shorthair cats. A tortie tabby's eye colour should be copper, orange or amber with no trace of green. Other eye colours are not permitted in mature cats; rims and flecks of other colours are not allowed either. The exception to these rules is the black silver ticked tabby, who may have green or hazel eyes. Any colour of nose leather or paw pads is permissible as long as it's appropriate to the coat colour; pink is also acceptable.

Ticked tabby British Shorthair cats

All colours of the ticked tabby variant are deemed to have preliminary status and are not yet fully recognised as part of the British Shorthair breed standard. Ticked tabbies are rather different from classic or mackerel tabbies. Ticking refers to stripes down the length of the hair shaft. Each hair should have two to three bands of colour that extend down the hair shaft; the colour at the roots is the base colour. Ticked tabby markings are restricted only to certain parts of the body. The tabby's hairs should be evenly ticked all over the body but ticking may be heavier along the line of the cat's spine. This heavier ticking may extend along the full length of the ticked tabby's tail. The cat's tummy should have spotted markings but the body should not have any markings - no stripes, no spots and no blotches at all. A ticked tabby's tail can be ringed (the rings can be complete or broken); alternatively, it may show a continuation of the spine line's darker colour. The tip of the tail should have the same colour as the cat's markings. In adult cats, the legs may be barred or they may not.

The cat's face, tummy and should show the base colour clearly. On the cat's head, the ticking can be rather more dense. In kittens it may be completely solid, showing an M pattern on the forehead. The cat may have necklaces, either broken or unbroken; these are not a requirement, however, and there may be no necklaces at all without this constituting a fault in the colouration. The ticked tabby's facial markings are the same as the British Classic Tabby standard.

Ticked tabby coat colours include brown, blue, chocolate, lilac, cinnamon, fawn, cream and red. Silver variants of all these colours are also acceptable, along with black silver ticked tabbies.

Bi-Colour and Tri-Colour British Shorthair cats

In these colour combinations, white markings are permissible. The oldest of these patterns is the handsome tri-coloured tortie and white; the original variant has a black, red and white coat but any two colours (as listed in the self-colour section) plus white are now accepted. Bi-colour BSH cats arrived on the scene somewhat later; they have coats showing patches of one self-colour and white.

British Shorthair Van cats

Vans are cats with a predominantly white body and a patch of colour on the head. The van's tail is also fully coloured. Vans can have any of the self-colours as their markings. Bi-colour and tri-colour variants are possible. Van markings should be nice and clear with no white hairs in the coloured sections; all colours should be sound with no pronounced tabby markings. Blue vans should not have silver tipping once mature. Van BSH cats should have breed standard golden eyes. Note that all van colourings are preliminary for this breed.

British Shorthair Colourpointed cats

These charming cats appeared almost four decades ago when breeders introduced the Himalayan gene to the British Shorthair breed. This gave rise to a blue-eyed BSH variant with light-coloured bodies and contrasting points. To fulfil breed requirements, the British Shorthair colourpoint should have ears, mask, tail and legs in matching point colours. The points should be clearly defined and with good contrast against the body.

Colourpoints in all the recognised self-colours are accepted, along with seal point BSH cats. The breed standard also accepts tortie points and a great range of tabby colourpoints. The number of combinations is staggering, with everything from the traditional light fawn and seal points to exotic variants such as lilac and blue.

Colourpointed and white cats are also permissible under the breed standard. The cat's face should have a white marking in the shape of an upside-down V. The apex of the V should start on the forehead and extend all the way down the cat's face to cover the nose and the whisker pads. The markings should be as symmetrical as possible. The rest of the mask should be a clearly defined point colour and should match the ears and tail. There should be a nice, clear contrast between the body colour and the coloured points; any shading should blend with the points. Even heavy shading is acceptable as long as the cat's other features are good. The cat's bib, chest and undercarriage should all be white; the legs should either have tonal shading or be white too. It's okay for the legs to have small patches of colour. All four of the cat's feet need to be white.

British Shorthair Smoke cats

The smoke variant has caused something of a stir in the cat fancy. BSH smokes are characterised by an undercoat of silver that peeks through the topcoat, especially as the cat moves, creating an eye-catching smoke effect. The topcoat can be seal, any kind of tortie, or one of the previously listed self-colours. Smoke BSH cats with colourpoints are also possible, adding yet another variety to the already staggering range of possibilities.

Tipped British Shorthair cats

Also known as a "Tippy", the tipped British Shorthair is a cat with the silver gene but with a colour at the ends of their hairs. The undercoat is very pale (it can be cream, silver or another light shade), appearing white with a "frosting" of colour. The tipping should be even across the whole of the cat's body, except for the undercarriage and chin. Colours can be any one of the accepted self-colours with a pale near-white undercoat. It's the evenness of the tipping which is of paramount interest to a show judge, rather than the degree thereof.

Tippies should not have any strong tabby markings; that said, rings on the tail may be acceptable if the cat is otherwise a good specimen of the breed. The cat's coat should be evenly tipped, with the colour on the legs fading towards the paws. The cat's chin, chest, stomach and undertail fur should be pale - the lighter the better - but there should not be any white patches. In the case of a tortie tipped cat, red or cream should not be absent or insufficient. Paw pads should be in keeping with the overall colour of the cat. Nose leather should be brick red, with some black outlining allowable.

There is also a non-silver variant of the British tipped cat. This is the golden tipped BSH cat, which has a coat of rich apricot-gold and black or dark brown tipping. The gold colour must be sound all the way down the hair shaft to the roots, with no darkening or fading into a different hue. Golden tippies should have a chin, stomach, chest and undertail of a pale apricot colour. Nose leather should be brick red (a black outline is permissible). Paw pads should be black or dark brown.

Tippies should have the breed standard copper or golden eyes, all except for black and golden tipped BSH cats (which should have green eyes). Nose leather should be brick-red. Their eyes and noses should be outlined with "mascara" in a dark colour. New varieties of tippies are appearing all the time, with the reception on the show bench being very positive.

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British Shorthair Colors - Blue, Black, White, Tabby, Cream, Cinnamon, Lilac, Chocolate, And More. - My British Shorthair

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When many people picture a British Shorthair, the image that springs to mind is the classic British Blue: a handsome kitty with solid blue-grey fur and amber eyes. In actual fact, though, British Shorthairs exist in a range of amazing colors and patterns: Blue, White, Black, Chocolate, Lilac, Red, Ginger, Cinnamon, Fawn, Cream, Tabby, and more...

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British shorthair cats types shaded - Google Search

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British Shorthair cats exist in a range of colors and patterns: Blue, White, Black, Chocolate, Lilac, Red, Ginger, Cinnamon, Fawn, Cream, Tabby and more…

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https://g.co/kgs/yeEm6X

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No, they don’t. Like most other animals, they only live once. However, the saying about cats having nine lives is an interesting discourse.

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Cat Organizations: Help Cats Affected by Natural Disaster

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Cat Organizations: Help Cats Affected by Natural Disaster

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https://www.four-paws.org/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIkJaIgrng_QIVmJqWCh2clAJ3EAAYAyAAEgITDvD_BwE

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FOUR PAWS International - Animal Welfare Organisation

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FOUR PAWS is the global animal welfare organisation for animals under human influence, which reveals suffering, rescues animals in need and protects them...

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As a cat rescue organization we always have kittens and cats available for adoption!

Please view our available cats below and also visit our shelter as cats are always being admitted and might not be posted on our site yet.

All of our cats have been vaccinated, neutered and micro-chipped. Please visit our Adoption Details page for the many other services we provide to our cats before they are adopted.

Multiple cat discount:
C.A.T.S. offers a break in the adoption cost when more than one cat is adopted to the same household.
C.A.T.S. encourages adopting 2 cats if you don't already have a cat(s) at home. Talk to us about how we can make this possible. Cats need playmates and friends, just like people!

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As a cat rescue organization we always have kittens and cats available for adoption! Please view our available cats below and also visit our shelter as cats are always being admitted and might not be posted on our site yet. All of our cats have been vaccinated, neutered and micro-chipped.

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https://icatcare.org/

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Welcome to International Cat Care

At International Cat Care we believe in a world in which each cat's life experience will be as good as it can be. We do this by providing cat owners, veterinary professionals and those that live and work with cats with the resources, support and advice they need to care better for their cats.
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International Cat Care | The ultimate resource on feline health and welfare

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At International Cat Care we strive to improve the care that all cats receive. We do this by providing cat owners, veterinary professionals and those that live and work with cats the resources, support and advice they need to care better for their cat.

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1: 宣传猫猫：猫的年龄/名字/喜好/照片
2. 附近的猫咖：位置：有什么样的猫：这个店特色是什么？
interview：请问你来猫咖的目的是什么？
家里有猫吗？之后会想养猫吗？

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https://www.armandhammer.com/articles/fun-ways-to-play-with-your-cat

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How to Play with Cats: Fun Cat Activities | ARM & HAMMER™

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Enjoy your playtime with kitty with these tips for how to play with cats and a list of fun activities and DIY toys you can use to have fun with your cat.

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https://www.supercoloring.com/coloring-pages/mammals/cats

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Cats coloring pages | Free Coloring Pages

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Cats Coloring pages. Select from 70346 printable Coloring pages of cartoons, animals, nature, Bible and many more.

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https://www.spca.org.hk/images/AR2018/AR2018_web_spread-ilovepdf-compressed.pdf

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https://eclectichomeschooler.com/cat-activities-for-kids/

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Looking for cat activities for kids? Well look no further. Here you'll find all kinds of activities, cat crafts for preschoolers, and cat games for kids. It's all the cat-tastic fun you'll need for your cat theme homeschool unit for toddlers to 3rd grade (with a few activities great for older kids too).

For the past several months we've been doing weekly themed unit studies with my 2 and 5 year old. They are absolutely loving doing these. We went through several winter animals during the winter and then this Spring we've had a different Spring topic each week like seeds, rain, butterflies, bees, etc.

I love doing themed unit studies with my kids because I feel like they get so much more out of it and learn so much more about whatever topic it is. And the ideas are endless. It's such a fun way for them to learn while having fun.

But in the midst of my awesome Spring unit study plans my 5 year old randomly requested to spend a week on a cat theme. Cats. Hey, who am I to hinder my child's learning. If he wants to learn more about cats, then by golly we will learn all there is to know about cats. I'm not particularly interested in cats. I don't dislike cats, but it's just not an interest of mine. But hey, who knows, maybe he'll be the greatest cat veterinarian who ever lived one day. I can't stand in the way of that.

So I'm in the midst of planning a week of learning about cats. And even though it's not the topic I would choose, this is one thing I LOVE about homeschooling. I love that I can tailor what we are learning about to my child's interests.

Interest led learning is so important because when kids are interested in something they are so much more primed to learn. Plus, if they are showing an interest in something in particular, it might just be for a reason. They might be working on making some kind of connections in their minds and as a homeschool parent it's important to take full advantage of those learning opportunities.

So cats it is.

As I was searching for cat themed activities, here's a few good cat activities for kids that I came across. Most of them are great for toddlers through 1st grade. Plus a few of these are good for older kids too. So if you're doing a mini unit on cats, I've got you covered. 😉

Cat Games and Activities for Kids

1. This adorable cat matching game can also be used as a memory game too. And the cat graphics are just too adorable with all different sized, shaped, and colored cats to enjoy. Sunny Day Family

2. Here is an entire pack of kawaii cat themed activities that covers a range of basic skill concepts for preschoolers such as cutting, counting, visual discrimination, and more. Miniature Masterminds

3. Let the dogs make an appearance in your cat unit with this free cat and dog bingo game. Make it even more fun by using cat and dog shaped erasers ( like these) for the bingo chips. The Inspirational Edit

4. Get creative with these fun printable cat activities and crafts. Among them include a Pete the Cat bingo game, step-by-step instructions for how kids can draw different cats, a square cat craft, and more. Printables Fairy

5. Pick up the Safari TOOB for Domestic Cats or Big Cats and match them with these three part cards for Domestic Cats or Big Cats. Montessori Nature

6. Have your preschooler practice their fine motor skills while helping these funny felines get their pipe cleaner whiskers back with this cat whiskers lacing activity. Your Therapy Source

7. Enjoy some pretend play as your preschooler helps to feed all of the cats with this simple DIY feed the cats activity. Source Unknown

8. Have your preschooler learn number recognition while practicing staying in the lines as they color this cute cat color by number page. My Teaching Station

9. These cute and playful LEGO cats are sure to please your older kids as you work your way through your cat unit. Includes full instructions for building your very own LEGO cat (or cats). Frugal Fun 4 Boys

10. Practice gluing with Pete the Cat in this simple free Pete the Cat gluing practice worksheet. You can even have your child add little buttons to match the colors of the buttons in the Pete the Cat and His Four Groovy Buttons book. And remember, just a dot to fill the spot! It's all good! Dawn King

11. Get crafty while learning the letter C with this cute C is for Cat letter craft. It's always a great time to talk about letters with your preschooler, even in the midst of themed unit studies. Meow! The Teaching Aunt

12. Practice sorting colors with your preschooler as you do this fun cat fish bowl color sorting activity. This pack also comes with lots of other fun pet activities too. Karen Cox

13. Teach all kinds of preschool concepts such as letter sounds, color words, shapes, counting, and more with this huge pack of versatile feed the cat activities. Your preschooler is sure to have fun with this one! Lodrew's Hands-On Learning

14. Let your preschooler pick out their favorite coloring page from one of these many cat coloring pages. Then pick out your favorite and color them together. Super Coloring Pages

15. Pretend to be playful cats with these cute cat mask templates. Have all sorts of adventures that you think kitty cats have all day. And yes, cat naps must be included in the agenda. 😉 Itsy Bitsy Fun

16. Don't let your preschooler have all the kitty cat fun. If you have older kids you can get more in depth on the science side of things with this cat body parts worksheet. ESL Printables

17. This printable cat activities pack has a wide range of adorable cat themed activities for toddlers through 3rd grade. Lots of great literacy and math activities in this one. Royal Baloo

18. Expand your cat themed activities to a full blown unit study for your older kids with this cat unit study pack. It includes things for handwriting, cat recognition, and learning lots of cat facts. 1Plus1Plus1Equals1

19. Exercise those mad visual discrimination and counting skills with this adorable I Spy Cats and Dogs printable. And if your little one loves I Spy games then try laminating this one to do it over and over again. And Next Comes L

20. Target specific skills while having loads of fun with this customizable create your own feed the cat activity. Simply write your own text on the fishes after downloading, print, and enjoy! Ms Gardenia's Speech Room

21. Help your child practice their handwriting with this C is for cat handwriting pack. It includes six handwriting pages with cute cat graphics to set the kitty-cat-writing mood. 🙂 Only Passionate Curiosity

22. If your preschooler is ready, help them to practice number sense (or recognizing numbers in different representations) with this clever cat and mice number matching game. Math Skills 4 Kids

23. Have an older child that you want to include in on the cat-tivities? Why not give them this fun cat word search to do. They can work out those brain muscles as they admire the adorable cat playing with a yarn ball. Aww. Puzzles to Print

24. These simple and fun cat quantity puzzles will help your preschooler with number recognition, counting, and logic. Plus, they have cats on them! Eeeee. Prekautism

25. A beginning reader in the family will love this cute and educational printable cat emergent reader book. It introduces the very simple sight word "a" and also includes some writing practice sheets. Fluffy Tots

26. Have you had enough cats yet? I hope not! Because this free cat preschool pack has lots of great little printables including printables to focus on the letter C, patterning, colors, counting, and more. 1Plus1Plus1Equals1

27. Practice pre-writing skills as your child learns number recognition with this simple and yet effective cat connect the dots worksheet. Day Care Worksheets

28. Round out all the activities with a fun black tissue paper cat paper plate craft inspired by Eric Carle's book, Have You Seen My Cat. It's got everything a preschooler could want in a craft: cutting, gluing, pipe cleaners and sticky fingers! Plus...cats! Glued to My Crafts Blog

You asked for cat activities for kids!

And boy did I deliver for you. There's plenty of fun cat theme activities here to last you for awhile. I know we'll only be spending a week on cats and this is more than enough ideas for us to try. I hope you enjoy them too!

And if you need any more ideas for your cat theme like ideas for cat books, cat crafts for preschoolers, more cat printables, etc. then be sure to check out my other posts about cats here.
Did I miss any fun cat games for kids or other cat theme ideas? Let me know in the comments below your favorites!

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Cat Activities for Kids - Eclectic Homeschooler

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Looking for cat activities for kids? Well look no further. Here you'll find all kinds of activities, cat crafts for preschoolers, and cat games for kids. It's all the cat-tastic fun you'll need for your cat theme homeschool unit for toddlers to 3rd grade (with a few activities great for older kids too).

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Are you looking for a quick and easy way to have little ones practice colors? Don't miss this adorable cat color matching fun pack!

This set of color matching activities is a great way to teach colors while building early learning skills with your toddlers and preschoolers.

Cat Color Matching Fun

These activities are a great way to have kids strengthen visual discrimination and fine motor skills while learning colors. And, the adorable cat graphics are sure to engage preschoolers.

You can add this color-matching activity pack to your pet theme. Add these activities to your math centers, or create busy bags with them.

What skills are covered?

First of all, these activities focus on colors. The colors featured are red, yellow, green, blue, purple, and pink. There are various shades of green, blue, and pink included which offers a challenge for older preschoolers.

You can use these activities to work on color recognition. Ask your child to find a pink cat or a blue ball of yarn.

These activities are designed more to work on visual discrimination skills. Kids will match balls of yarn to cats wearing the same colored sweater.

Memory skills are developed with the memory matching game. And, fine motor skills are strengthened when children use clothespins or paper clips to identify matches on the clip cards.

What's included in this pack?

This printable pack contains four cat-themed color activities that are a perfect fit for your preschoolers.

There are two sets of color matching clip cards. One set of clip cards has children matching cats wearing sweaters to the matching ball of yarn while the other set has kids matching the yarn to the cat/sweater.

I prefer to print these cards on cardstock and laminate for durability. You can add a colored dot on the back of each card to make them self-checking.

There is a memory matching game. Print and laminate these pages, and cut apart the cards. Turn the cards facedown. Then, have kids flip over two cards at a time to find the matches (yarn to sweater). If the kids find a match, they keep the pair and go again. If they can't make a match, their turn ends.

This is a great activity for building visual discrimination skills. There are two shades of green, two shades of pink, and two shades of blue in this game. For younger preschoolers, just include one of each. Challenge older students with both.

Finally, there are eleven color matching puzzles. Print these puzzles on cardstock, laminate them, and cut them apart. Have kids match the puzzle pieces.

You can make this a self-checking activity by putting stickers on the back of each puzzle.

PRESCHOOL BOOKS ABOUT CATS

Fill your book basket with a great collection of books about cats. Most of these books can be found at your local library or used bookstore.

If you have a hard time finding them, you can order them through my Amazon affiliate links by clicking the images below.

If You Give a Cat a Cupcake - If you give a cat a cupcake, he'll ask for some sprinkles to go with it. When you give him the sprinkles, he might spill some on the floor. Cleaning up will make him hot, so you'll give him a bathing suit . . .

Kitty Cat, Kitty Cat, Are You Waking Up? - Kitty Cat should be getting ready for school, but instead, she's practicing her purr, looking for her socks, chasing a little mouse, and more. Will Kitty Cat make it out of the house in time for school?

How to Give Your Cat a Bath: in Five Easy Steps - In this hilarious and clever "how-to," a little girl and a know-it-all narrator are thwarted by a cat who refuses to take a bath.

Teaching Resources

The wooden cat puzzle consists of 13 cats of different sizes and 1 fish. With the help of hints in the background, even a little kid will be able to assemble a puzzle.
Get your cat-themed color matching activity in the shop here.
This cute cats wooden memory game helps to improve memory and visual perception, and trains attention and perseverance.

Download Your Printables

This printable activity pack includes four color-matching activities for kids ages 4-7.

With this simple activity, kids will work on color matching, color recognition, visual discrimination, and more!

More Color Fun

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Cat Color Matching Printables for Preschoolers

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Are you looking for a quick and easy way to have little ones practice colors? Don't miss this adorable cat color matching fun pack! This set of color matching activities is a great way to teach colors while building early learning skills with your toddlers and preschoolers.