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Postmodernism broadly refers to a socio-cultural and literary theory. Postmodernism shares many of the features of Modernism. Both schools reject the rigid boundaries between high and low art. Postmodernism even goes a step further and deliberately mixes low art with high art, the past with the future, or one genre with another.

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Postmodernism gives voice to the insecurities, disorientation and fragmentation of the 20th century western world. Postmodernism celebrates fragmentation. It does not attempt to escape from fragmentation and decentredness since it sees these as the only viable forms of life.

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The postmodern change in perspective is generally acknowledged to have started in the late 1950s and is likely still going strong today. The shifts in power, the dehumanization of the post-Second World War era, and the rise of consumer capitalism are all related to postmodernism. Due to the gradual loss of its Third World colonies, the impact of new social theories and developments like Marxism and Postcolonial global migrations, the western world began to experience this profound sense of security in the 20th century.

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In literature, postmodernism relied heavily in fragmentation, deconstruction, playfulness, questionable narrators, etc. It was a reaction against the Enlightenment ideas that modernist writing implicitly embraced. Escaping from the modernist quest for meaning in a chaotic world, writers often avoid the possibility of meaning.

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Lyotard refers to postmodernism as ‘incredulity towards metanarratives’. A metanarrative is a theory that holds that it is the universal truth: science, religion and political ideologies are all metanarratives. According to Lyotard, people in the postmodern world have seen all these metanarratives reduced to ashes. The promises they once kept have become disastrous.

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Lady of the Library. (2016, April 23). Modernism vs Postmodernism | Unemployed Philosopher [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TM-OaHSvyYk

Mambrol, N. (2021, November 11). Postmodernism. Literary Theory and Criticism. https://literariness.org/2016/03/31/postmodernism/

Positivism Interpretivism. (2016, April 16). ReviseSociology. https://revisesociology.com/2016/04/13/three-examples-of-post-modern-thinkers/

Victoria and Albert Museum. (2018, September 11). What is Postmodernism? [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5x4ntciHTXU