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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_P91DbQGmzkapTZQ2AB_ztzacHi3jO4OTL7fRCYIX38/edit?usp=sharing

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World War I can be traced back to the historical conflicts of European super countries. As powerful empires fought for global supremacy, the competition for resources and territory intensified. The United States, who were focusing on building its own empire in North America, started to dig into its role in global affairs at the turn of the 20th century. When war broke out in 1914, the United States had to make a decision of whether to get involved, sparking the ongoing debate of the country's level of involvement in international conflicts.

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Section I: Global Causes of WWI (Late 1800's - 1914)

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Section I: Global Causes of WWI (Late 1800's - 1914)

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World War 1, spanning from the late 1800s to 1914, was shaped by a confluence of political, economic, and social factors that gradually escalated tensions among European powers. During this period, the world experienced significant shifts and transformations, with technological advancements and nationalist movements reshaping the international landscape. Industrialization brought about rapid economic growth, which fueled the desire for resources and territories, leading to intense rivalries between nations.The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in 1914 acted as a catalyst, triggering a chain of events that spiraled into a full-scale global conflict.

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Nationalism is a political ideology and sentiment characterized by a strong identification and loyalty towards one's own nation or ethnic group, often accompanied by the belief in its superiority or uniqueness. However, extreme forms of nationalism, when combined with ethnocentrism and exclusionary ideologies, can lead to conflict, discrimination, and the marginalization of minority groups, underscoring the complex and sometimes divisive nature of this ideology.

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Imperialism is a policy or practice of extending a nation's power and influence over other countries, typically through colonization, economic domination, or political control. Imperialism often involves the establishment of colonies or spheres of influence in order to exploit resources, markets, and labor from the subordinate territories. Imperialism has been a significant force in shaping global history, leading to the rise and fall of empires, the exploitation of indigenous populations, and the redrawing of geopolitical boundaries.

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Militarism refers to the glorification and prioritization of military power and preparedness in a society or state. Militarism often involves an emphasis on military strength, aggressive foreign policies, and the allocation of significant resources towards military build-up and armament. Historically, militarism has been associated with an increased likelihood of armed conflict and war, as it can create a climate of tension and competition among nations, heightening the risks of conflicts escalating into full-scale hostilities.

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Alliance systems refer to formal agreements or partnerships between nations to support and defend each other in times of conflict or perceived threats. Alliance systems can serve as a means to deter potential aggressors, enhance collective security, and consolidate political and military power among participating nations. The intricacies of alliance systems can also contribute to the escalation of conflicts, as obligations to allies can draw nations into disputes they may not have otherwise engaged in, potentially leading to broader and more devastating conflicts.

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Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (June 28, 1914) (PS)

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Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (June 28, 1914) (PS)

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The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, triggered the beginning of World War One. On June 28, 1914, in Sarajevo, Bosnia, a Bosnian Serb nationalist named Gavrilo Princip assassinated Ferdinand and his wife. The assassination was carried out by the Black Hand, a secret Serbian nationalist group, with the goal of achieving independence for Bosnia from Austro-Hungarian rule. The assassination set off a chain of events, including diplomatic tensions, military mobilizations, and the invocation of alliances, which led to the eruption of the war.

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Section II: America's stance of neutrality and their path to involvement (1914-1917)

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Section II: America's stance of neutrality and their path to involvement (1914-1917)

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Throughout the early years of the first world war the United States had tried to remain out of conflict. However this changed when Germany decided to attack the British ship the RMS Lusitania. This forced the United States hand in the war as they had American troops on board the ship and couldn't let their lives go in vein

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When the war began President Wilson didn't pick sides and instead focused on what was going on in the United States. This allowed for some peace for the states during the early stages of the war.

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The United States policy on neutrality changed however once Germany attacked the RMS Lusitania. Despite it being a British ship it still had US troops on it. This caused the United States to change their thoughts on Germany and neutrality as a whole

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Pro-War Propaganda for the war (1915-1917)

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Pro-War Propaganda for the war (1915-1917)

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Propaganda played a massive part in involvement in the war as Germany and other Axis powers were demonized by the propaganda. This caused a spike in discrimination in the states as well as war intrest.

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Zimmerman Telegram (January 17, 1917) (PS)

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Zimmerman Telegram (January 17, 1917) (PS)

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The Zimmerman Telegrams were intercepted telegrams from Germany and Mexico in which Germany tells Mexico that if they were to join the Axis powers and attack the US, Germany would support them and help them get back lost land. This forced the United States to pick a side as they couldn't wait any longer with possible threats of being attacked

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America declares war on Germany and other Central Powers (April 6, 1917)

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America declares war on Germany and other Central Powers (April 6, 1917)

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After the original policy of neutrality failed for the United States President Wilson met with congress and asked to declare war on Germany in which congress agreed. This came after the sinking of the RMS Lusitania and the Zimmerman Telegrams and this would change the United States for years to come

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Section III: Impacts and Outcome of America at War (1917-1918)

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Section III: Impacts and Outcome of America at War (1917-1918)

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During World War One, American soldiers endured the harsh conditions of trench warfare, while facing constant danger from shelling, sniper fire, and gas attacks on the field. Meanwhile, back home, the war brought many changes and challenges for families within the United States. Government involvement increased, like rationing and war bond drives, women took on new roles in the workforce, and communities rallied to support the soldiers through various initiatives.

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The Draft / Sending Soldiers to War (1917)

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The Draft / Sending Soldiers to War (1917)

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The draft process was implemented through the Selective Service Act of 1917. This stated all men between the ages of 21 and 30 were required to register for the draft. Local draft boards were established to determine which men would be called for military service based on a random selection process. Exemptions were granted to those with certain occupations, family circumstances, and physical or mental conditions. The draft played a kickstarting role in mobilizing the American military, when approximately 2.8 million men were drafted into service throughout the war.

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American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) (1917) (PS)

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American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) (1917) (PS)

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The American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) were the United States' military forces sent to Europe during World War One. Led by General John J. Pershing, the AEF played a crucial role in the Allied victory. Made up of soldiers from diverse backgrounds, including regular army troops, National Guard units, and draftees, the AEF engaged in major offensives such as the Meuse-Argonne Offensive. Their arrival in significant numbers in 1918 helped turn the tide of the war and marked the United States' emergence as a global military power.

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Soldiers endured the harsh conditions of trench warfare, which including constant exposure to the elements, unsanitary living conditions, and threats of disease. They also faced devastating consequences of modern warfare, such as the poison gas, heavy artillery bombardment, and the introduction of new weapons like machine guns and tanks. On top of that, soldiers grappled with the psychological toll of war, experiencing trauma and stress from witnessing the horrors of battle.

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The Effects of Shell Shock: WWI Nueroses | War Archives

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Support from people within the United States

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Support from people within the United States

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People all across the nation actively participated in war bond drives, purchasing government bonds to finance the war. They also engaged in rationing and conservation efforts, voluntarily reducing their consumption of goods and resources to support the troops overseas. Communities organized patriotic events, parades, and fundraisers to raise funds for the military and provide aid to soldiers and their families.

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A series of successful pushes by the Allies, followed with internal challenges and growing unrest in Germany, had shown some weakness in the Central Powers' position. Facing a deteriorating situation and the realization that they were not going to win the war, Germany sought an armistice, leading to the end of the fighting and subsequent peace negotiations.

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Section VI: Treaty of Versailles and Post-World into the early 1920s

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Section VI: Treaty of Versailles and Post-World into the early 1920s

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The Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919, imposed harsh conditions on Germany and marked the end of World War One. While President Woodrow Wilson supported the treaty and the League of Nations, the U.S. Senate rejected U.S. participation in the League, signaling a shift towards isolationism. The 1920s in the United States brought economic growth, technological advancements, and cultural changes, but also witnessed economic inequality and racial tensions.

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Armistice Day marked the end of the fighting from the Western Front and brought a temporary halt between Germany and the Allied powers. The terms of the armistice included the withdrawal of German forces, the surrender of military equipment, and the release of prisoners of war. This armistice paved the way for subsequent peace negotiations and the eventual signing of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.

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The Treaty of Versailles (June 28, 1919)

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The Treaty of Versailles (June 28, 1919)

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The Treaty of Versailles imposed significant penalties for Germany on its role in World War One. The treaty forced Germany to accept full responsibility for the war, pay significant reparations and get rid of territory to neighboring countries. It also established the League of Nations, an international organization aimed at promoting peace and preventing future conflicts. The harsh terms of the treaty contributed to political and economic instability in Germany.

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Return of Soldiers back to the United States and Demobilization (1919-)

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Return of Soldiers back to the United States and Demobilization (1919-)

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Returning soldiers faced challenges reintegrating into regular life after World War One. Many grappled with physical and mental injuries, such as disabilities and PTSD. The transition to normal jobs was often difficult due to the competitive job market. Some soldiers felt like they were broken, but community support and initiatives intended to assist them through vocational training, healthcare services, and veterans' organizations made life a little easier.

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Woman's Suffrage and the 19th Amendment (1920) (PS)

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Woman's Suffrage and the 19th Amendment (1920) (PS)

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With men away at war, women filled vacant positions in industries, taking on several jobs traditionally held by men. They worked in factories, farms, and offices, and help in their contribution to the war effort. This shift challenged societal norms and expectations for women. Their valuable contributions during the war, combined with their tireless advocacy for suffrage and equal rights, socially influenced public opinion and put pressure on Congress to pass the 19th Amendment. So in 1920, the 19th Amendment granted women the right to vote, marking a significant milestone in the fight for gender equality in the United States.

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The Red Scare and Anti-Radicalism (1920s)

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The Red Scare and Anti-Radicalism (1920s)

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The end of World War One, as well as the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia heightened concerns about the spread of revolutionary ideas. The government, led by Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer, launched a series of attacks and arrests targeting suspected communists and anarchists. This period was marked by intense political repression, including the violation of civil liberties and the deportation of foreign-born radicals, as government sought to suppress perceived threats to national security and maintain social order.

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Post-War in the United States (Roaring 20's)

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Post-War in the United States (Roaring 20's)

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The 1920s, known as the "Roaring Twenties," witnessed a period of sustained economic growth and cultural transformation across the nation. Technological advancements, such as the widespread adoption of automobiles and electrical appliances, reshaped daily life. The decade saw a rise in consumerism, with the expansion of mass production and advertising. Social attitudes shifted, with a loosening of moral codes and the emergence of new forms of entertainment like jazz and dance. However, beneath the surface of prosperity, there were also tensions and disparities, including labor strikes, racial tensions, and the eventual collapse of the economy in the Great Depression.

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World War One had a great impact on the United States, shaping its global role and domestic landscape. The war that was sparked on debates over interventionism and isolationism, influencing U.S. foreign policy. Socially, it sped up women's rights movements. Economically, the war helped expand industrialization and positioned the United States as an economic powerhouse. We as a country were able to move on from World War One with a win for the free world.

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