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- The earliest known branch of the turtle life
- From the late Middle Permian period of Earth
- Found in South Africa's Karoo Basin
- Lived in swamps

- Had wide and flat ribs that formed broad plates similar to turtle shells today
- Bodies are rounded and mimic the shape of other turtles
- Vertebrae found were also almost identical to those of some turtles-broad body formed by nine pairs of widened ribs

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- The first fossil evidence found of turtles came from odontochelys
- Aquatic animals
- They belong to the suborder Cryptodira
- They are from the Triassic period
- This initiated the split into two groups: aquatic turtles and terrestrial period

-Had a fully developed plastron but only a partial carapace made up of broadened ribs and vertabrae on its back.

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- First sea turtle
- Lived 150 millions years ago
- All descendants are extinct
- Not an ancestor of the sea turtles currently living
- Lived during Jurassic period

Plesiochelys:
- Olfactory bulbs are larger in Plesiochelys than any other extinct or extant turtle, which suggests this genus has a higher capacity of smell
- The inner ear is similar to other terrestrial turtles alive today

Angochelys:
- Inner ear and nassals
- There has been no other information about the body part functions since the skull is the only thing that has been discovered of the genus

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- Lived 120-112 million years ago
- Fossils found in in Colombia
- Extinct
- Has all the charateristics of a modern sea turtle
- Fossils discovered in 2007 and almost completed a full skeleton

- 2 meters in length (larger than the average human male)
- The fossils found were lower jaw, vertabrae, left and right forelimbs, carapace, left scapula, and coracoid

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- Before the finding of desmatochelys, santanchelys were the oldest known ancestors of sea turtles and was the reference in scientific writings
- 25 million years older

- Distinguishable digits at the tip of its forearms, instead of the hydrodynamic paddles modern turtles have now
- Large salt glands situated near their eyes, an adaptation to the highly saline environment and can be seen in the skull

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- Lived 75 million years ago
- Lived during Cretaceous era
- Discovered parts in the US
- Known for their size

- Grew 3x more than the last extinct turtle
- Measure 14 feet long and weigh more than 4,000 lbs
- Skeletal framework supporting bony carapace instead of the solid shell found in the other species
- Narrow and high vaulted skull
- Overbite

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- Seven extant species of sea turtles, and many extinct species
- Humans are the biggest threat to sea turtles due to loss of habitat to high beach traffic, climate change, and pollution

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- Largest turtle in the world
- They have a rubbery shell and firm leathery skin
- Seven ridges running lengthwise down their backs

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- Became an official sea turtle in the 1970s
- Dark gray-green carapace
- Above 80 lbs
- Streamlined shells

- Turtle that is the most similar to those extinct

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- Second turtle that became an official sea turtle in the 70s
- Found by a swedish zoologist
- Similar to the angolachelys because of its skull shape and size
- Same survival instincts

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Turtles struggle everyday to maintan their natural habitat because of the things going on outside of their home. Climate change is exposing sea turtles to greater existential threats. Sea level rise and stronger storms will destory their beaches and ocean. The temperature of the beach sand that female sea turtles nest in influences the sex of their offspring during incubation, our warming climate may be driving sea turtles into extinction by creating a shortage of males, according to several studies. Turtles might go extinct faster than we expect because of the pollution and trash oceans get everyday. I think the best way to help turtles to survive is by reducing marine debris that may entangle or be accidentally eaten by sea turtles.