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1. Masters and Johnson's theory conceptualizes the human sexual response through a four-stage model known as the "Sexual Response Cycle." Their research, published in the 1966 book "Human Sexual Response," revolutionized the understanding of human sexual behavior. The four stages of their model are the excitement phase, plateau phase, orgasm phase, and the resolution phase.  The excitement stage involves arousal and the initiation of sexual response, characterized by increased blood flow to the genital area, muscle tension, and vasocongestion. In the plateau stage, arousal continues to build, reaching a peak just before orgasm. Breathing and heart rate increase further, and muscle tension intensifies. The peak of sexual arousal is reached, in the orgasm stage and it is characterized by rhythmic muscular contractions, intense pleasure, and release of sexual tension. After orgasm, the body returns to its resting state or the resolution stage, where muscle relaxation occurs, and blood flow decreases in the genital area. It's important to note that Masters and Johnson's theory was primarily focused on physiological responses during sexual activity and did not extensively address emotional or psychological aspects of human sexuality. Other theories have since emerged, offering different conceptualizations of human sexual response, one prominent theory is Kaplan's "Three-Stage Model" in 1979, which includes desire, excitement, and orgasm. Kaplan introduced a separate stage for sexual desire, emphasizing its role in initiating sexual activity. The excitement stage is similar to Masters and Johnson's Excitement Phase, involving physiological arousal and preparation for sexual activity. Similar to Masters and Johnson, Kaplan recognized the peak of sexual arousal leading to orgasm or the orgasm stage.

2. Physiological factors include hormonal changes, blood flow to the genitalia, these things help to significantly sustain arousal. While psychological factors include blood flow to genitalia, play a significant role in initiating and sustaining arousal.

3. The textbook does take into account things such as sexual orientation and sexual preferences. The book states as an example of homosexual activity New Guinea, boys are expect to experience male on male intercourse in order to be considered men. The example it gives for different sexual orientations was the Bugis people from Indonesia where there are 5 different identities.

4. Masters and Johnson's theory faces criticism for its exclusive focus on physiological aspects, overlooking emotional and psychological dimensions of human sexuality. Additionally, its linear model doesn't account for diverse responses or variations across genders and orientations. To address these limitations, future research could integrate psychological factors, explore non-linear models, include diverse populations, study emotional intimacy's role, and account for cultural influences. Broadening definitions of sexual activities and embracing a holistic approach could lead to a more comprehensive understanding of human sexual response.

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1. Personality tests are used in psychology to gain an insight on what people are like. Such as things like what motivates a person, social skills, and their emotion management. An example where a personality test could be used, would be from the perspective of an employer who is trying to hire someone. A personality test would allow for the employer to understand what a person is like in a short amount of time, which would save them time and money.

2. In order to make a personality test valid, multiple personality tests are needed. The validity of a personality test is better gathered from a body of research instead of just a single test. So it would be better to conduct multiple tests which allows us to seek validity more.

3. Reliability of personality tests are questionable because they rely purely on a person’s honesty. People also may not want to disclose certain information, so they may tend to lie or skip the question altogether on a personality test. A way to get a more reliable personality test would be to test the person again after the initial test, and see if they’re original answer changed, this could help to see if the person lied initially on the personality test.

4. I found it interesting that my results were somewhat accurate in certain areas. I was thinking that it wasn’t going to be accurate. An example would be for extraversion, I would say that I am neither introverted nor extroverted, which according to the test was accurate.

5. A strength that was present in my personality test is that I am not introverted,but I am also not extroverted. I am in the middle. An example would be with my friends and family. I find it easy to talk about anything. But when meeting new people I find it more of a struggle and do not often connect very well with them.

6. My weakness according to the personality test is that I am traditional and prefer familiar experiences over something new. Which I would also say is accurate.

7. I shared my results with my friend, by sending him screenshots of the results. He also agreed that the test seemed fairly accurate especially in the “Agreeableness” section. He stated that when I get irritated, it is very easy to tell. He also said that I am very open when I show that I get irritated.

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Unit 10 Padlet Contribution 7 Day Stress Management Plan

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Unit 10 Padlet Contribution 7 Day Stress Management Plan

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Option 2:

Part 1) I believe that this to-do list helped me to prioritize all my tasks, not just academically but it helped to get my whole schedule on track. It helped with waking up and having a productive day ahead of me. I would create a list the night prior which would help to make the day even more productive.

Part 2) At the start of the day during these six days, I would wake up, perform basic hygiene essentials, then check canvas on my phone and check the to-do list on canvas to see what assignments were due for the day. The first day it was a discussion and a knowledge check. So I would skim the discussion and look for the important stuff and read up on it from the book and also watch the videos to learn what to do for the knowledge check. Then after finishing up the knowledge check I would prepare to do the discussion for the day. On the next day when I had different work to do. This day I would have a journal entry to do, so I would read up on the journal prompt and see the key points that I needed to read up on in order to answer some of the questions. And this would continue for the rest of the days that remained. I would also just add a certain time for when I would eat or when I would exercise, and also for when I would want to do other things.

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Unit 14 Discussion: Identifying Psychological Disorders

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Unit 14 Discussion: Identifying Psychological Disorders

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1. Piglet appears to have generalized anxiety disorder, because he displays the symptoms and contains many of the characteristics. The next case study is eeyore, he has major depressive disorder. This shows through his sad outlook on life, and his lack of self confidence. The grinch appears to have two disorders, which are antisocial disorder and major depressive disorder. This is shown from him being alone all the time and being made fun of as a child which has caused him to be in a depressed mood.

2. The symptoms for piglet appear to be present include thinking of the worst possible scenario, shakes and blushes, and is also very easily scared or nervous. Eeyore’s symptoms include feelings of worthlessness, being underweight, sluggish movement, and a loss of energy. The symptoms of the grinch include depressive behavior, living alone, not having any friends or family whom he socializes with.

3. In piglet’s case I do not believe it is a personality disorder. Eeyore also does not appear to have a personality disorder. The grinch does have antisocial personality disorder.

4. I do not believe that piglet have comorbidity. Eeyore also does not have a comorbidity.  The grinch does have comorbidity, he has both antisocial personality disorder and major depressive disorder. This is because he is anti-social by living alone, and is depressed because it stated “he is not a very happy man in life”.

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1. The main clinical diagnosis for Mandy from fly away is severe autism. I believe that the diagnosis is accurate, because of her personality and the way she acts with a lack of control. This is shown in the “Description of the Problem” portion of the case study. A reason why the diagnostic is accurate is because she has a difficult time coping with specific situations and she does not have emotional control over her impulses. In regards to Case 2 Bart Simpson appears to have multiple conditions, including ADHD, and ADD. ADHD was stated in the case study description. ADD is present in the sense of Bart not being able to pay attention for long periods of time.

2. A major symptom present is her tantrums and fits of rage. This is shown when the case study says, “her aggressive behaviors include biting, pushing, punching, yelling, and running away from her mother.” These forms of severe aggressive behavior are all symptoms of severe autism. Other symptoms that are present are her lack of emotional control. This is shown in the case study when it states, ‘she begins to feel the need for some social interaction, but due to lack of knowledge on how to do so, she is angered by this emotion as well.” This shows how she does not have impulse control over her emotions, which is also a symptom of autism. A major symptom repeated in the case study was how Bart could not focus and became easily distracted with video games and with watching television. It was so bad that he began to slap himself in order to remain focused. A symptom of ADD was staying on task while in school, which was during the test. It is also possible that he  may have a learning disability, seeing as he has a low IQ. On top of this he also received low grades in school and was close to failing fourth grade, and he would have to redo it.

3. I believe it is possible that she does have a comorbidity seeing as she has symptoms of autism and she is very prone to becoming anxious. So this may lead me to believe that she may also have some form of anxiety. Bart does have a comorbidity he has both ADHD and ADD, seeing as he has a he has a short attention span, and easily loses track of or forgets the task he was completing.

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The case study that I will be looking at is Bart Simpson. He has two major conditions: he has ADHD and ADD. These two conditions explain why he has trouble focusing on tasks, such as his school work. Seeing as Bart was struggling to stay focused on school, a method to help would be to sit near the front of the class to limit distractions or also to talk to the teacher and make it clear that he has ADHD. By making it clear to the teacher that he has ADHD then the teacher can arrange accommodations for him such as bonus time during tests, or a small break to walk around and stretch. A method to help with ADD things like exercise and also meditation. A method to help with both would be to take vitamins and eat a balanced diet. The best method would probably be to meditate because it helps to calm down and become more focused. It overall helps to minimize feelings of distraction. In the case of behavior the best therapy to seek out would be cognitive behavioral therapy, because it helps to change negative patterns that stem from ADHD. It helps the patient to reframe their way of thinking and to live in a way that helps them confront their ADHD rather than to live in fear of it.

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The first organization is Latinx Therapy, the services they offer are podcasts that discuss mental health, advice from a mental health professional, courses and workshops, wellness resources, and a private practice document which can be done at home.The service that they offer is Booking a Therapy Room, the cost is $25 per hour and a podcast session costs $17. They also offer consultations EMDR, Business/Clinical for 30 minutes or 1 hour. EDMR costs $100, Business/Clinical costs $200 for 1 hour, and for 30 minutes it costs $100. It does not specify the type of therapy that is offered, it simply states, therapy room. I do not believe that they offer insurance. The organization caters toward Latinx individuals who are trying to pursue a career in therapy. They also cater toward people  who suffer from mental illness. Holistically the resource does very well to intertwine different aspects such as an educational portion that allows for people who are interested in a therapy career to gain knowledge from it, and offers aid to those who suffer from mental illness. The second organization is American Society Hispanic Psychiatry, it offers a comprehensive benefits package, competitive compensation, loan forgiveness eligibility, research and academic opportunities, leadership development training, robust clinical support team, a work life balance, and a diverse and inclusive set of initiatives. They offer a variety of memberships, ranging from free to $100 a year. The specific form of therapy is not noted as well as insurance is not accepted. The organization caters toward Hispanic psychiatrists, psychologists, and other mental health professionals. I believe holistically that the organization is well suited for expanding knowledge amongst Hispanic psychiatrists, psychologists. For the third organization it is iPrevail LA County, it offers lessons, which are self paced used to cope, one on one sessions with Peer Coaches to listen and show you support, they also offer group sessions with like minded individuals to share and ask questions. The cost of these services appear to be free. The specific form of therapy is also determined based on a questionnaire which you fill out before selecting which case you want to go with. So depending on what you select it will give you someone to chat with who understands that specific field. Insurance can not be accepted since it is a fee service. This specific website caters to residents of LA County. Holistically the website is good since it caters to your needs based on the things that you fill out, such as what you are dealing with like stress, depression and many more.