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You should each make sure to contribute to answering the question in this section.

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Each teammate should post a video answering ONE of the questions in this section.

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Be sure to read Keeling and Archibald (2008) paper first before working on this discussion. A link to the paper is in the Canvas Section Instructions.

You will work on this discussion asynchronously as a team. For the first two sections in green you should each post a video answering ONE of the questions in each section. You can post by clicking the plus sign at the top of the section. You only need to answer one question each in each section in green. For the last two sections in orange everyone should contribute to discussing the question.

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Each teammate should post a video answering ONE of the questions in this section.

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You should each make sure to post a video answering the question in this section.

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5pts
Discuss the following tree with your  teammates. If you hover over the pink hexagon with three dots it will give you more upload options - one of these is the DRAW tool. At the end of the slide series, the Team Leader should post a drawing of the final tree.

Draw a branching tree for the following taxa:

Archaea, Cyanobacteria,  Proteobacteria, Paulinella, Opisthokonts, and Plants.

Draw arrows indicating the contribution of cyanobacteria and  proteobacteria to other organisms on your tree. Use a separate arrow for  each evolutionary event (hint: sometimes the arrow may go to a node rather than a branch).

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4pts
1. What larger taxonomic group does it belong to?

2. It’s single celled. Are there any plants, animals, or fungi that are single celled?

3. What are the green parts?

4. Why are they green?

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4pts
1. How is the origin of chloroplasts/mitochondria different from the origin of  other organelles? Describe the two processes.

2. What is the endosymbiotic theory? What evidence do we have that  chloroplasts and mitochondria have bacterial origins?

3. How did plants get chloroplasts?

4. How did Paulinella get chromatophores?

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2pts
The authors discuss various aspects of the chromatophore genome.
What do they note and why do they think it is important?

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I am unsure whether the cyanobacteria's contribution to opisthokonts would be indicated as I did above, since I believe only certain opisthokonts benefited from cyanobacteria.

Laura Lee

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What do the scientists note and why do they think it’s important?

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What do the scientists note and why do they think it’s important?

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Are there any plants, animals, or fungi that are single celled?

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Are there any plants, animals, or fungi that are single celled?

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How is the origin of chloroplasts/mitochondria different from the origin of other organelles?

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How is the origin of chloroplasts/mitochondria different from the origin of other organelles?

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In case my audio can't be heard: "Apologies for the noise, I’m on a plane right now.

The origin of Chloroplasts and mitochondria is different from the origin of other organelles as both mitochondria and chloroplasts were established as organelles as a result of endosymbiosis of proteobacteria and cyanobacteria as indicated by their double membranes and separate DNA.

By contrast, other organelles evolved within the cell as structures that were then passed on to future descendants. Because they were never independent organisms that were engulfed, they do not have these same markers of endosymbiosis. "

Laura Lee

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Transcript: "Paulinella chromatophores are green because their function involves the harvesting of light for energy. This process necessitates a pigment that lets the chromatophores absorb and then use light. This pigment is what makes the chromatophores green."

Laura Lee

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Transcript: "The genome of the paulinella chromatophore is missing certain genes that are required for independent life, however, the genes for light harvesting have been entirely retained. This is notable because it suggests that the chromatophore depends on its host for certain life essentials, but not for organelle specific information like mitochondria and chloroplasts do."

Laura Lee