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The 2,400-year search for the atom - Theresa Doud

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2.1 Elements, Compounds and Mixtures

Describe the differences between elements, compounds and mixtures.

2.2 Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

Core Objectives

Describe the structure of the atom (nucleus with protons & neutrons, electrons in shells).

State relative charges and masses of protons, neutrons and electrons.

Define:

Proton number (atomic number) as the number of protons.

Mass number (nucleon number) as the total number of protons and neutrons.

Determine electronic configuration for elements and ions with proton numbers 1 to 20.

State that:

Group VIII noble gases have a full outer shell.

The number of outer electrons equals the group number (Groups I to VII).

The number of electron shells equals the period number.

2.3 Isotopes

Core Objectives

Define isotopes as atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Interpret and use symbols for atoms and ions (e.g., ₆¹²C, ₁₇³⁵Cl⁻).

Supplement Objectives

State that isotopes have the same chemical properties (same electronic configuration).

Calculate relative atomic mass from isotope masses and abundances.

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You are Tấm: Beat the Stepmother's Challenge!

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You are Tấm: Beat the Stepmother's Challenge!

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The festival is tomorrow! Your stepmother just mixed a bowl of black pepper and table salt. "Separate these by morning, or you stay home!" she says. Panic turns to determination... you recall lessons on separating mixtures.

Your Mission:

1. Design Tấm's Plan: How can she use science to win her chance to go to the festival? Describe her step-by-step actions.

2. Explain the Magic (Science!): For each step, identify the property of pepper or salt being used (like whether it dissolves, floats, or burns) and the separation method (like dissolution/filtration, flotation, etc.).