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1760-1830

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- Incremental improvements from many thinkers led to a profound shift from a simple unchanged lifestyle into a more modern lifestyle

- The main power sources were steam and water which lead to the development of textile production factories along with trains, and steam ships

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-New classes arose during this period including the bourgeoise and the working class

-Development of new cities leading to workers travelling from one city to another to find jobs

-Child labour and slave labour were common as production thrived on exploitation

-Bosses had total power, and working conditions were hard leading to formation of the workers rights movement

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1850-1914 (Start of WWI)

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-Increased automation of production was introduced, therefore less and less human effort was required

-Mass production was also introduced by the "bessemer process" making it possible to mass produce steel leading to railroad tracks construction

-Internal combustion engines (used to the current day in cars) were developed, along with electricity 1893, radio, and the telegraph

-Electricity and Petroleum were the main power source used during this period

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-standard of living for the working class was still difficult, it began to improve as the middle class became bigger

-Companies needed a lot of new roles like managers and clerks, not just factory workers leading to improved overall living conditions

-Demand for workers who had technical skills highly improved

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Second half of the 20th century

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Currently

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- Driven by the convergence of three internets atop the Internet of Things (IoT) which included: Communication internet/ Renewable energy internet/ Mobility and logistics internet

- Automation was massively developed as robots, computers, and software were produced and took over mechanical systems in production

- Production became customized and more flexible

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-Companies start focusing on efficiency

-Knowledge work took over, along with computer literacy which is a must to keep a good job

-Economy has seen a shift from a capitalist market (based on ownership) to capitalist networks and a sharing economy (based on flow, and provider-user relationships)

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- Key technologies used are Artificial Intelligence (AI) and data

- Cyber-Physical Systems using AI blend the digital, physical, and biological world as technology is increasingly merging with humans' lives

- It’s all about smart, real-time, personalized production

- Adoption became easier as new platforms are adopted by millions of users in months, compared to the decades it took for the telephone

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- The Great Skills Divide is happening. Automation replaces a ton of routine jobs, even those that are white-collar, leading to risk of increased inequality as highly skilled workers and top investors will benefit the most

- creation of high demand for new skills that many workers currently lack, along with the need to constantly learn and be up to date to prevent falling behind