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Jamestown was the first English settlement in the Americas. Within a few months only 38 of the 144 men where alive in this settlement. The others dead due to famine and disease. Their priorities consisted of finding gold and silver and avoiding the Natives when in reality what what happened was they where so unprepared they would steal food and such from the Natives while still viewing them as inferior beings.

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And if you planned on leaving England, you needed consent from the king, however a congressional of serpents from the hamlet of Scruby started leaving in secret. But, they were barred from the Dutch craft guilds and had to work poorly paying unskilled jobs. Dutch society, which threatened their dream of the Christian community.

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As Jamestown struggled to survive ships where sent out to them with many people (this time women so they could, you know, procreate) and resources. But this didn't go as planned, one ship was lost at sea, another incapable of making the full trip and the final one well most of the people from that one grew ill. Then they faced the "starving time". This was when the Natives realized the colonists where very threatening to their life style.

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John Rolfe started planting a harsh strain of tobacco the Natives have been growing for years. His goal was to distribute them around England, the thing about tobacco is, it take a lot a land and labor to adequately harvest. They took over a lot over the Natives territory to continue this.

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Most indentured servant’s came to the colonies voluntarily, but not all. The English government would occasionally dump ship loads of convicts in America to be sold, although some were criminals according to Captain John Smith, they chose this life. The government would send prisoners into battle as well with Scotland and Ireland.

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41 male passengers on the London’s company ship, signed a document, the mayflower compact which established a civil government and proclaimed their allegiance to the king. Then the immigrants called the pilgrims, stepped onto Plymouth rock. They settled and proclaimed land for themselves, but due to the plague, probably brought on by the European explorer’s, the pilgrims first winter was difficult deadly one.

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The weaker colonies were particularly vulnerable to the Spanish attack. After Spain and the Netherlands war, English colonization began to increase. There were several English settlements on the Caribbean islands, mainly Barbados, Jamaica, and St. Kitts.

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It was then that the Virginia Company in London was spiraling. They poured all their cash into what was a profitless Jamestown after the Natives successful uprising and taking back of their territory the Europeans faced bankruptcy.

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Calverts son Cecilias, the second Lord Baltimore, received a charter shortly after his fathers death granting him not only territory's such as what is now Pennsylvania, Delaware, Virginia, and Maryland but in addition power over such.

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In march of 1634 two ships under Lord Baltimore set sail on the Potomac River to settle on new found land. Their next door neighbors (the Natives) befriended them, provided them shelter, land, and food. The Marylanders of Lord Baltimore experienced no Indian assaults, no plagues, and no starvation.

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The controversial young, but engaging Roger Williams, who, at the time lived in Salem, Massachusetts, had his reputation of being sweet and amiable, and as William Bradford described him “a man, godly and zealous“. But Bradford’s views on him didn’t stop there. He continued to say, “very unsettled in judgment”. More disturbing to the clerk he called for a complete separation of church and state-to protect the church from the cooperation of the secular world. The colonial government being so alarmed at this challenge, banished him.

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The native population small to begin with, had been almost extinguished by the European epidemics. The surviving Indians sold much of their land to the English. Some natives known as praying Indians, even converted to Christianity, and joined Puritan communities.

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The English Civil war has ended with Oliver Cromwell's victory. This and the flight of many of his defeated opponents to the colony affected the population increase. You heard that right, Virginia's population doubled by now. With the attempt to protect the Native territory at the back of their minds they non-the-less failed.

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Natural increases of the population were largely a result of study improvement in the sex ratio. In the early years, most of the population of Chesapeake consisted of men. Even in New England, which from the beginning had more families, 60% of the inhabitants were male. Gradually more women arrived in the colonies, increasing birth rates, which, of course produced equal numbers of males and females contributing to shift in the sex ratio.

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Four time the English government made no serious efforts to restrict this challenge to the principles of mercantilism. The gradually London began passing laws to regulate colonial trade. During Oliver Cromwell’s “Protectorate” parliament passed laws to keep Dutch ships out of the English colonies.

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In the 1660s Berkeley had gradually become an autocrat in the colony. The vote was restricted to landowners and elections were super rare. The same governor remained in office year after year and each country only had two representatives.

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Masters and Slaves in the Caribbean: 1660

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Masters and Slaves in the Caribbean: 1660

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All of the islands began to enact legal codes in order to regulate the relationships between masters and slaves, and to give white people absolute authority over Africans. A master could even murder a slave with virtual impunity.

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The small Dutch settlement on Manhattan island known as new Amsterdam fell to the English. Buildings were clustered at the southern tip of the island. This remains the center of what would become New York City until the 19th century.

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The most prolonged in deadly encounter between whites and Indians in the 17th century was King Philips war. A conflict that the English word remember for generations. As in the earlier, Preklet war in Connecticut, and Indian tribe, in this case, the Wampanoags, under the leadership of chief tain known to the white settlers as king, Philip, and among his own people, as Metacomet. The Wampanoags had been convinced the only way they could defend themselves was with armed weapons.

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The political rivalries and back country combined to create a major conflict. The wealthy young Nathaniel Bacon arrived in Virginia to purchase a bunch of farm in the west, and he got a seat on the governors council. He basically established himself there.

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A force of Indians and Creoles directed by Spanish agents, attacked and destroyed an outlying South Carolina settlement south of the treaty line. When hostilities broke out again between Spain and England years later, the fighting renewed in America as well catastrophe was resurrected. Their colonization policies reflected the vital military purposes of the colony. Limitations on the size of the land holdings were made definite.

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The opposition to the king was so great that the parliament voted to force James II from the throne. James didn’t resist, giving up the crown, remembering his grandfather’s execution. He eventually left the country and spent the rest of his life in France. His daughter, Mary II and her husband, William of orange of the Netherlands both protestants replaced James II to reign jointly. No Catholic monarchs reigned since.

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A turning point in the history of the African population in North America came when the Royal African companies Monopoly was finally broken. With a trade now opens to English and colonial merchants. On the competitive basis, prices fell, and the number of Africans, arriving in North America rapidly increased. By the end of the 17th century only about one and 10 of the residence were Africans. Because Africans were so heavily concentrated in a few southern colonies, they were already beginning to outnumber Europeans in some areas. The high ratio of men to women among African immigrants retarded, the natural increase of the black population.

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In Salem, Massachusetts adolescent girls began to exhibit strange behavior and leveled, accusations of witchcraft against several West Indian servants. The hysteria they poured a used spread throughout the town, and before it was over hundreds of women were accused of witchcraft. As the crisis in Salem grew accusations shifted from marginal women like the west Indians to prominent and substantial people. Nineteen residents of Salem were put to death before the trials ended. the original accusers later admitted that they had made up the story.

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For several decades, Carolina remained one of the most unstable English colonies in America. They were tensions between the small farmers of the Albemarle religion in the north in the wealthy planters in the south. There were conflicts between the rich barbarians in southern Carolina, and the smaller landowners around them. After Lord Shaftesburry’s death the proprietors proved unable to establish order. So, the colonist seize control of the colony from them. 10 years later, the king divided the region to royal colonies North, and South Carolina.

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Founder Oglethorpe’s feared slave labor would produce internal revolts that disinfected slaves might turn to the Spanish allies. Oglethorpe himself let the first colonial expedition to Georgia, which build a fortified town at the mouth of the Savannah River, and later constructed additional forts. The strict rules, governing life in the new colonies, syphilis early development and insured the failure of Oglethorpe’s vision.

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The great awakening brought a new spirit of religious favor to the colonies. The revival had appeal to women, and two younger sons of the third and fourth generation of settlers those who stood to inherit the least land, and who faced the most in certain futures. The rhetorical of the revival emphasize the potential for every person to break away from the constraints of the past, and start a new in his or her relationship with God. Such beliefs reflected the desires of many people to break away from their families or communities, and start a new life powerful evangelists from England helped spread the revival.

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There were occasional acts of individual resistance by slaves against harsh Masters, and at least twice during the colonial period there were actual slave revalians. In the most important, such revolt, the so called Stono Rebellion in South Carolina about 100 Africans rose up, seized weapons, killed several whites and attempted to escape south to Florida whites quickly, crushed the uprising, and executed most participants. The most frequent form of resistance was simply running away, but for most slaves provided no real solution either.

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The most figures promotion of science occurred outside the colleges through the private efforts of amateurs in the activities of scientific societies. Leading merchants, and Planters, and even theologians became corresponding members of the royal society of London. This was where many demonstrations and claims were made one being the theory that lightning and electricity were the same and the famous kite and key were used to prove it for this society.

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Metalworks gradually became an important part of the colonial economy. The largest industrial enterprise anywhere in English North America was the iron Works of the German ironmaster Peter Hasenclever in northern New Jersey. Founded with British capital employed several hundred laborers, many of them imported from ironworks in Germany. There were other smaller iron, making enterprises in every northern colony. Even so these another growing industries did not become the basis for the kind of explosive industrial growth that Great Britain experienced.

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The British slave ship, Brooks provided this plan of stowage of slaves to conform to the legislation from parliament. The terrible conditions under which slaves were shipped from Africa to the Americas included humans being squeezed into every available space, like cargo for the long dangerous passage, during which many Africans died.