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Definition:
The language change process in which a word's modern meaning is radically different from the original usage. Semantic refers to the meaning of a word and shift means change.
Example:
'Awful' - originally meaning "full of awe" or "impressive"  was used as a positive word to describe someone or something that is full of awe. An innovative invention could have been described as awful to show one's appreciation.
Contexts of use:
In contemporary usage, the word's meaning is now "extremely bad" or "very unpleasant".

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283k members in the linguistics community. This is a subreddit for discussions of linguistics, the scientific study of human language.

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Calvin and Hobbes on semantic change from linguistics

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Definition:
The word formation process in which speakers adopt words from a source language into their native language.
Example:
The word 'cookie' was borrowed from the Dutch. The Dutch word for cookie is "koekje" meaning little cake. In the early 18th century English borrowed the word and changed it to "cookie".
Contexts of use:
The most common usage of cookie is either the small sweet cake that are round and flat or the packet of data sent by a web server to a browser and used to identify users.

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Definition:
A category of semantic change in which the meaning of a word or phrase depreciates with time.
Example:
The word 'crafty' used to describe someone who is strong or powerful. Describing someone of influence as crafty in old English would be describing how they are powerful.
Contexts of use:
Nowadays, it is used to describe someone who is skilful or clever at achieving an aim through indirect or deceitful methods.

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The English language is deteriorating False. The English language is fluid, evolving, mutating, growing, changing. The only real constant in the history of the language is change.

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The English language is deteriorating False. The English language is fluid, evolving, mutating, growing, changing. The only real constant in the history of the language is change. Dwight

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Definition:
The act or process of language change by dropping one or more syllables from a word or phrase to form a shorter word with the same meaning.
Example:
The word telephone in contemporary language has been shorted to 'phone'. Both still meaning the same with with telephone meaning "a system for transmitting voices over distance using wire or radio" and phone meaning "a telephone".
Contexts of use:
A noun describing a machine with the power to communicate with people over voice primarily over a distance using wire or radio.

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Have you laughed today? Enjoy the meme 'Shortening??' uploaded by Lemonskunk. Memedroid: the best site to see, rate and share funny memes!

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Definition:
Elevation is the process of language change in which the meaning of a word is upgraded from a negative meaning to a word with positive meaning.
Example:
The adjective "nice" first appeared in Middle English with the meaning of "foolish, silly, simple; ignorant, senseless, absurd". Therefore describing someone as nice during the 1300s would be describing them as a foolish person.
Contexts of use:
During the 19th century, the adjective was given its modern meaning of "kind and considerate, friendly". Used to describe a friendly person or object.

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Definition:
a Neologism is a newly developed or coined word that has started to fall into mainstream usage. When the word is fully accepted into everyday colloquial usage, it gets picked up by dictionary and loses its neologism status.
Example:
Newest forms of neologism are words like "Flexcation" meaning "A holiday where work and play is mixed to extend the vacation, without using up additional paid time off". This word is not mainstream yet so it is considered neologism.
Contexts of use:
Its a noun describing a mix between work and play to extend your vacation by working part time or allocating days whilst on vacation.

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Definition:
Narrowing is a type of semantic change by which the meaning of a word becomes less general or inclusive than its earlier meaning.
Example:
a In middle English, the word "girl" used to denote a child or young person of either sex. In modern English it is used to describe a female child, therefore it narrowed the gender.
Context of use:
Used to describe a female child.

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Definition:
Compounding is the process of combining two free morphemes to create a new word.
Example:
The word "bedroom" was coined by Shakespeare which was a word used to describe a room a bed was in, quite simple yet effective.
Contexts of use:
Nowadays, this word is used very commonly to describe the place someone sleeps in in a house.

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Definition:
A word blend is formed by combining two separate words with different meanings to form a new one.
Example:
The word emoticon was a word that was made through blending. It used the words emotion and icon to depict the icons with expressions on them.
Contexts of use:
Emoticons are used in a shortened form of emojis but the word still means the same thing. It is used to show off someone's expression towards a conversation which does not have paralinguistic features involved such as text.

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Definition:
Broadening is a type of semantic change by which the meaning of a word becomes more generalised than its earlier meaning.
Example:
The old English word "bird" was earlier and originally brid, which actually only referred to young birds like the word birdie is today. Nowadays the word has become more generalised.
Contexts of use:
Nowadays it is used to describe a warm-blooded vertebrate and typically being able to fly.