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That is a theological question, not a biological one, with answers ranging from the Catholic position that life begins at the moment of conception to an older Christian viewpoint that life begins at quickening, to the Jewish position, based on specific biblical language, that a baby's life begins with the first breath.

Certainly a just-fertilized human egg is not a fetus, nor is a morula or blastula; a fetus before 24 weeks' gestation is almost never viable outside the womb.

Mr. Douthat claims to write about "what conflicted Americans might fear most from an abortion ban," but the overwhelming majority of unconflicted Americans fear the consequences of abortion bans, which will cause irreparable harm to women and families and the economy.

Furthermore, from what Justice Clarence Thomas wrote, abortion bans may be a dangerous harbinger of the imposition of minority positions on contraception, same-sex marriage and interracial marriage, reversing 50 years of progress for our once-great country.

Daniel Fink
Beverly Hills, Calif.
The writer is an internist.
To the Editor:
Long ago and during the many times they had the power to get it done, Democrats could have codified into law a reasonable abortion law. But they have been completely unreasonable in believing that the day would never come when the balance on the court could see Roe upended.

Most Americans, even conservative pro-life Americans like me, would hold our noses, hide our eyes and tolerate abortion early on in pregnancy when the baby is really a cluster of cells. But Democrats can't be happy with a reasonable restriction that protects unborn humans with a heartbeat, brain waves, eyelashes and fingernails. They are the extremists.

Dwayne Keith
Valrico, Fla.
To the Editor:
Ross Douthat suggests that in cases where there is ambiguity regarding the threat to a woman's life in her pregnancy, "you can let ambiguous cases pass unprosecuted" when an abortion is being considered.

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Opinion | Women's Lives Put at Risk Under State Abortion Bans

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That is a theological question, not a biological one, with answers ranging from the Catholic position that life begins at the moment of conception to an older Christian viewpoint that life begins at quickening, to the Jewish position, based on specific biblical language, that a baby's life begins with the first breath.

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Why public health messaging matters | Peter Hotez

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English was a subject that accompanied me throughout my school years and I was very curious to see how it would be structured at university. Overall, I have to say that it is very different in my opinion I have already taken a lot of useful things with me from these 3 months. I particulary like the fact that I think we learned a lot of useful things that are used in everyday professional life, such as writing emails.
Within the last few weeks, I have resolved to do a few things that i would definitely like to improve. I have documented these goals on this platform and just writing down those aims has motivated me to improve my English. Even if I didn't achieve all of my goals, I think it still made a difference because I set goals in my head that I want to realise.  For Example, I motivated myself to watch an English film, becasue then I could proudly put it on my list afterwards.
I really want to continue improving my English in the future and get better and better.

I would like to thank you, Dear Mrs. Gschwenter for these instructive hours.

Jana, you need to pay attention to lots of small errors you make - you frequently use upper case (capital letters) when you don't need to and you early always forget to capitalise the word I. The word things needs to be banned - find other words instead of this please.

I am glad that you feel you have found new areas of growth in English and see how it can be transferred to your professional life later.

Your awareness of Email structure was evident in the exam but you need to work on grammar/language a lot more, esp.if you can't use a computer to help you.

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This semester again, I recorded my goals on Padlet. I think this is a good way to keep track of what exactly you have achieved and I think it is always very important to have goals in mind because it motivates to put them into practice. By writing down the goals, I developed a certain vision and an ambition to achieve these goals. However, I had a few difficulties in implementing them, as I had set myself a lot of goals and had difficulties implementing them in such a short time. In reflection, I can say that I should have focused on only a few goals to realise them accurately. In summary, I can say that I found Padlet a good way of recording my goals in the form of a weekly diary.