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Hang Kang chose to begin this chapter with the methods of torture conducted in the prison in order to set a tone for the chapter. Through instantly exposing the audience to

brainwashing of the prisoners, she sets the tone of viciousness of the Gwangju Massacre. These methods were usually conducted in order to rob the men of their humanity and leave them in an animal-like state. Foreshadowing what would inevitably happen to Jin-su, despite this we (the audience) see the evolevment of the prisoner being a “caring and emotional” individual.

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"It was a perfectly ordinary biro, a black Monami biro. They spread my fingers, twisted them one over the other, and jammed the pen between them. This was the left hand, of course. Because I needed my right hand to write the report."

The prisoner is primarily a representation for his experiences; he stands in for both the trapping of people and their detention during the Gwangju Massacre. The violence of the Gwangju massacre and the people's experiences are the main topics of this particular chapter. We specifically observe how the government treated people and what caused the people to die. The chapter's introduction discusses the brutality of the massacre and the troops' forced questioning technique.

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An important point to note is that by December we learn that Jin-su has committed suicide. Jin-su was a representative character of the long term effects of of trauma of the massacre which is what led him to take this initiative.

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During the Gwangju Massacre, the prisoners were wrongfully convicted and captured and therefore had to undergo a 5 day trial. During each session 30 people were sentenced and even during the trial "the soldiers kept their hands resting on their guns" giving the prisoners a sense of fear.

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"The military authorities continued to release us in batches". Two years after the release the protagonist saw Kin Jin-su again.