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Shawn had some great feedback, and so did his teachers!

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Finally, the teaching staff was taught to ignore Shawn's attempts to get help using any inappropriate method. This was given as an explicit strategy called extinction.

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Next, Shawn was taught how to self-monitor using a checklist. He would mark 6 different items indicating various levels of engagement in on-task behavior. These included images. The teacher would check his list to confirm accuracy and agreed with his self-assessment the first time. So, after that, only self-assessment was used.

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Shawn was first taught an appropriate way to ask for help using a set of three colored cards, indicating his level of need. If he needed immediate assistance due to disregulation of some sort, the red card would signal the teacher to come within the minute. The yellow card told the teacher that Shawn needed help but it could wait a few minutes. The green card indicated that he was able to attend to his work on his own sufficiently.

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Procedures for helping Shawn

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This is used to determine the best course of action once preliminary data is collected.

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Preliminary assessments and The Decision Tree

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Preliminary assessments and The Decision Tree

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When you think of the word "story," it isn't often associated with data and assessments. However, in this case, data tells the story of a student in a way that might not be possible through observation alone. The data that describes facets of a student's needs, challenges, strengths and limitations not only tells us a story about aspects of who this child is, but it also tells educators the story they need to know to help them reach their full potential-- as students and ultimately as citizens of this world. Data can be beautiful, and that is what functional assessments have the potential to offer when done well.

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Of course, no one student can be "every student." But as we shift how we represent student needs from group norms to individual needs, new possibilities open up for educators to truly see their students for who they are- not who we envision them to be in our minds.