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URL: https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=CGvpk4FjxyA&feature=youtu.be

Title: Oil Pastel Drawing - World Teachers Celebration Poster Making Artwork

Author: Alagad ni Sining

Date: October 8, 2020

Key Info: The artist of this oil pastel drawing wanted to emphasize and thank the efforts and hard work of the teachers in World Teacher's Day. The teacher is presented to hold a light bulb at the center, which can symbolize how they affect student performance and outcomes in their styles of teaching and influence.

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(Researched by Alag)

Url: https://www.aauw.org/resources/research/the-stem-gap/

Title: Assessing a Teacher-Training Program for Working with Pupils with Special Educational Needs and Disabilities Enrolled in General Education Schools

Author: Michal Shani & Orly Hebel

Date: 2016

Key Info: The research highlightd that effective teaching adapts to diverse learning styles, while self-directed learning allows individuals to take responsibility for their learning journey to foster a dynamic environment for knowledge growth.

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Picture taken from the Web (Researched by Castillo)

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Url: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/36575290-why-the-philippine-public-school-education-will-hardly-succeed?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=9Uum61d6Mx&rank=7

Title: Why the Philippine Public School Education Will Hardly Succeed

Author: Lazaro R. Gervacio IV

Date: August 1, 2017

Key Info: In its summary, the book dives deep into the decline in the number of teachers in the Philippines, specifically in public schools. However, Lazaro points out that teachers' performance is not the main issue but how the government and DepEd handle their programs and training with their teachers.

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(Researched by Castillo)

Url: https://spotify.link/Q7du5Si79Cb

Title: Heroes Bringing Education to the remotest parts of the Philippines (Sulad: Heroes & Sacrifices)

Author: Beyond the Passport with Jasper Iturriaga

Date: August 2022

Key Info: This podcast goes into detail about the organization of Sulad and how they give free education to indigenous groups in places like rural Southern Mindanao. They highlighted the under-developed areas teachers were risking themselves to go to despite harsh weather conditions and unfamiliar environment.

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Url: https://youtu.be/vrU6YJle6Q4?si=w37A0X5De6vA0lQx

Title: What makes a good teacher great?

Author: Azul Terronez

Date: February 3, 2017

Key Info: The narrative of Yvette serves as an affecting illustration highlighting the significance of great teachers who not only recognize when students face challenges but also offer support, refraining from making incomplete assumptions about their capabilities.

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What makes a good teacher great? | Azul Terronez | TEDxSantoDomingo

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Picture taken from the Web (Researched by Castillo)

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Url: https://youtu.be/5Mtm9RDnMCY?si=WBLiMZjJSH_XSBdP

Title: Kilapsaw, Ripples of Impact

Author: Teach for the Philippines

Date: October 5, 2022

Key Info: This documentary highlights how teachers adapted to their schools and the new modality during the pandemic, especially in public and rural areas. Teachers like Czarina had to familiarize themselves quickly with digital technology to continue teaching students in distance learning. Despite the hopeful message, it also points out how teachers are not well equipped in technology usage, and with it the gap of digital and media literacy increases between teacher and student.

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Picture taken from the web (Researched by Castillo)

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URL: https://www.usep.edu.ph/ttrc/about-ttcm/

Title: About TTRC

Author: University of Southeastern Philippines (USEP)

Date: 2023

Key Info: The Teacher Training and Research Center (TTRC) at the University of Southeastern Philippines is a hub of Teacher Development and Research. The center partners with the Davao Integrated Development Plan Project under College Education to instruct future educators and develop its training programs in colleges.

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(Researched by Padpad)

Url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5602565/?fbclid=IwAR36IQ2QqWHkT1oXJherVsJGKIH22Mzxk5yhQFsvdwwlsCA-9XKskQuSvpw

Title: Teacher and Teaching Effects on Students’ Attitudes and Behaviors

Author:  David Blazar and Matthew A. Kraft

Date: October 8, 2016

Key Info: This research has primarily focused on the impact of teachers on students' test performance. Teaching strategies related to these factors, such as emotional support from teachers and classroom management, have the most significant impact on students' attitudes and behaviors.

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(Researched by Alag)

Url: https://www.oecd.org/education/talis/teachinginfocus.htm

Title: Teaching and Learning
Author: OECD | Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS)

Date: March 21, 2023

Key Info: The statistics highlights the significant role experienced teachers bring to the quality of education and what they can share to future teachers and educators. The program in the research aims to enhance teachers' awareness of disabilities and foster inclusive classroom environments. These two factors are key techniques that some teachers may lack.

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Url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WvpsS42URgA

Title: Teacher Effectiveness: 5 Characteristics of Quality Teaching

Author: Rued Riis

Date: April 30, 2022

Key Info: The video highlights that effective teaching involves teachers believing in their students' learning abilities, structuring teachings with a broad perspective, and maintaining clear communication.

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Teacher Effectiveness: 5 Characteristics of Quality Teaching

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Url: https://www.forumzfd.de/en/capturing-teachers-struggles-and-transformations

Title: Capturing Teachers’ Struggles And Transformations

Author: Forum Ziviler Friedensdienst

Date: March 3, 2021

Key Info: This article dives deep into the struggles of teachers all over Mindanao during the transitions of Distanced Online Learning. They talked about how schools had to be creative in using technology as to cover school activities as well as teachers equipping themselves on the unusual online environment.

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From April to May 2020, forumZFD's Davao project team talked to teachers to find out how they were holding up working from home. "Teaching is harder now than ever," they answered. In July 2020, their stories of grit, resilience, and transformation were put together and a Facebook page was then created where the teachers could read and react to each other's stories.

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(Researched by Ballo)

Url: https://edtechmagazine.com/k12/article/2020/08/how-improve-teacher-training-more-successful-remote-learning

Title: How to Improve Teacher Training for More Successful Remote Learning

Author: Eileen Belastock

Date: August 19, 2020

Key Info: The magazine article tackles ways to improve teacher training to boost learning in both physical and digital environments. The article highlights the importance of teachers familiarizing themselves with the tools to assist and assess students. The article also mentions that schools need consistent and clear instructional practices and expectations that can be supported to ensure highly effective teaching and learning.

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Url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4BetUCJAMeM&ab_channel=StanfordGraduateSchoolofEducation

Title: The Importance of Teacher Education

Author: Stanford Graduate School of Education

Date: December 2, 2014

Key Info: The president, John Hennessy, briefly talks about the important role teacher education has in providing quality education and in helping teachers meet the challenges of the modern classroom. In addition to this, he also promotes the features of their STEP teacher training program.

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URL: https://colabsdgs.wordpress.com/2020/12/25/quality-and-inclusive-education-for-all-the-aga-khan-schools-and-the-united-nations-sustainable-development-goals-sdgs/

Title: Quality and Inclusive Education for All: The Aga Khan Schools and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Author: Mir Zaman Shah

Date: December 25, 2020

Key Info: The target poster of SDG #4 Quality Education shows the detailed objectives of what the development goal wants to achieve by 2030. Furthermore, Target 4-C highlights the needed increase of qualified teachers in developing countries where the Philippines belongs.

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Url: https://youtu.be/nGo0e6kg2qM?si=HL8Qkw0jbRpNIpAW

Title: Schools across US forced to get creative amid teacher shortage

Author: NBC Reporter Maggie Vespa

Date: August 8, 2023

Key Info: The report highlights the decreasing number of teachers in US State Districts. Qualifying teachers for Science, Math, and Special Ed are currently in short supply. that resulted schools to adjust their schedules from 5-day school days to 4-day school days. Mindanao schools, especially in public and rural schools, have faced this type of crisis often with countless release of call for applications but still unable to meet the demands needed resulting to cut off of classes and shorteges of teachers.

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Vance Varner is heading into another school year desperately searching for teachers and staff members: an English instructor, a special education teacher, a speech therapist.

Varner, the superintendent of schools in Mifflin County, Pennsylvania, a rural community 30 minutes from the Penn State campus, said four of his teacher positions are still vacant less than a month before the start of school. He said that with some positions getting zero applications, he is preparing to fill some of the vacancies with people who have no teaching experience or training, which he rarely had to do a decade ago.

"There's a perfect storm in education right now, especially in rural communities such as ours," said Varner, who has worked as a teacher and an administrator in Mifflin County for 25 years.

As millions of students get ready to head back to the classroom, school districts are once again scrambling to fill jobs as teacher shortages aggravated by the coronavirus pandemic show little signs of improving for yet another school year, according to interviews with more than a dozen academic researchers, teachers and administrators in rural, suburban and urban school districts.

Teachers aren't just trying to help students catch up from pandemic-era learning losses - many are also at the center of a pitched culture war as politicians accuse them of trying to indoctrinate children and turn their syllabuses into campaign fodder.

But many education leaders say the real problem in classrooms is the lack of instructors.

"At first it was a teacher shortage. Then there was a teacher shortage crisis. Then it was a teacher shortage catastrophe, and it just escalates," said Mark Klaisner, the president of the Illinois Association of Regional Superintendents of Schools. "Our kids deserve so much better, and it just feels almost criminal, because we're not providing the quality that we would if we could find the candidates."

Administrators say that to deal with the staffing shortfalls, they are relying again this year on long-term substitute teachers, hiring emergency certified teachers with no teaching qualifications or experience, bringing in teachers from overseas, and increasing class sizes. It means yet another year when many students won't be able to get the support they need as standardized tests show kids falling behind in key areas, educators said.

"This has an impact on kids' learning precisely at a time where we need to be accelerating learning," said Ed Fuller, an education professor at Penn State. "We don't have enough teachers and enough principals to fill all the positions, and we have lots of turnover. So that's making it very difficult to accelerate the kids back to where they should have been had the pandemic not happened."

Klaisner said his colleagues across Illinois tell him the problem is only getting worse despite efforts by policymakers, including legislation to raise minimum teacher pay. Some superintendents are discussing whether they will have to send kids to neighboring districts because they don't have enough teachers, he said. Others are filling the gaps with teachers who aren't fully certified, as in one district in central Illinois where a middle school doesn't have a single teacher who is appropriately certified for the subject being taught, Klaisner said.

"It's almost down to can you find a pulse and a heartbeat, and that'll work," he said of filling job vacancies.

It's almost down to can you find a pulse and a heartbeat, and that'll work.
- Mark Klaisner, Illinois Association of Regional Superintendents of Schools
While some school districts have long struggled to find enough teachers, the shortages have become more widespread and severe in many regions since the start of the pandemic, which education researchers say triggered a wave of early retirements, along with resignations from burned-out educators.

There is little nationwide data to show how many teachers have left the workforce in recent years. State surveys from a variety of regions show a growing trend of teacher resignations. Pennsylvania had the largest increase in teacher attrition on record last year, with 7.7% of all teachers leaving their jobs, according to research by Fuller. In Washington state, the teacher attrition rate was 8.91% last year, the highest in 37 years. In Maine, more than 2,000 teachers and other educators quit or retired last year, the most in the past seven years, according to the Maine Public Employee Retirement System.

At the same time, there has been a decrease in the number of college graduates going into teaching that predates the pandemic. Relatively low pay in a strong labor market and political infighting that has put teachers at the center of culture wars on issues like race and gender have also fueled the trends, said teachers, administrators and researchers.

"It's a lack of respect that the position seems to have right now," said Trina Berg, who teaches earth and space science in the Phoenix suburb of Peoria. "We're under attack, unfortunately, by different parent groups and different political groups. And then everything kind of just builds up on you."

Berg, who is also the president of the Peoria Education Association teachers union, said her district has 10 special education teacher openings, five elementary school openings and 13 middle school vacancies. A district spokesperson said the number of openings this year was similar to what the district has had the past several years.

"It's exhausting. It's tiring. You get kids who roll up into high school who might have had long-term subs, no math teacher, no science teacher for at least a year, sometimes more," Berg said. "When you have openings, larger class sizes, that all leads to more teacher burnout, which just causes the problem to become worse."

Varner said that five years ago in Mifflin County, his district would get 15 to 30 applications for an opening. Now it's a victory if he gets five. He said his district's relatively low salary, about $46,000 for a new teacher, is one of his biggest hurdles to recruiting. In nearby State College, Pennsylvania, where many teachers live, the starting salary is $11,000 higher. He recently lost an English teacher with more than a decade of experience to another district where he estimates the teacher could make $8,000 to $12,000 more a year.

He also blames a wider decline in the number of new teachers. Applications for teaching licenses in Pennsylvania have fallen by 67% since 2010.

To make up for the shortage, the state has been issuing more emergency teacher certifications, which allow people with no teaching experience or training to be able to work as full-time teachers. Now the state is issuing more emergency teaching permits than full teaching certificates to new college graduates.

Almost half of the 45 people hired in Mifflin County to fill teaching roles last year, as well as 75% of special education teachers, had no formal training as teachers and were working under the state's emergency teacher certification program, Varner said.

"We have great people who care about kids, and they could be an incredible teacher in four or five years, but they have a lot of learning to do," Varner said.

In Lancaster, Pennsylvania, Joseph Torres, the dean of students at George Washington Elementary School, said his school will most likely have to start the year again with at least one long-term substitute teacher in a classroom.

"I don't want to say our kids are hurting, but that is the fact: Kids are hurting. They are suffering," said Torres, who is also the local president of the Lancaster Education Association teachers union. "That first pandemic group came back into a different educational world that is not the one that you and I went through."

To fill the staffing holes last year, Torres said, he and his colleagues frequently juggled multiple roles.

"I've had to be the secretary, cover the door; I've had to step in at lunches and recess. I have packed lunches, served lunches, breakfasts," Torres said. "It's all hands on deck."

Ernest Williams has been on the front lines of two other areas with particularly severe shortages in North Carolina - bus drivers and substitute teachers. On a typical day, Williams starts his bus driving shift at 6:15 a.m., picking up elementary school students in Vance County, then works as a teaching assistant for a third grade class at the local elementary school.

But in addition to those two jobs, last year, he said, he was often asked to fill in as a substitute teacher, taking him away from his third graders, then called on to pick up extra bus driving shifts in the afternoon.

"I had to watch a lot of classes, because they couldn't find anybody to sub. I'd get off the bus, I'd clock in, and a lot of times the assistant principal would say: 'We need you today. We can't find anybody,'" Williams said. "I leave early in the morning. I get home late."

While some saw teaching shortages as a post-pandemic hiccup, school administrators are treating them as the new normal and coming up with longer-term strategies to adjust to shortages, such as recruiting teachers from overseas. In the Phoenix suburb of Maricopa, about 1 in 4 teaching positions will be filled this year by teachers recruited from overseas, many of them coming from the Philippines, said Tom Beckett, Maricopa's assistant superintendent of human resources.

"Our foreign national teachers, really, they've been a godsend," Beckett said. "I'm not sure what we would do if we did not have that avenue."

Almost half of the 33 positions in the Altar Valley Elementary School District, about 30 minutes from Tucson, are filled with teachers recruited from overseas, including eight from the Philippines who are starting this year, said David Dumon, the district's superintendent. Without those teachers, Dumon said, the positions would most likely have gone unfilled, because he got only a handful of applications.

"There just aren't people applying for our jobs, Dumon said.

In Mifflin County, Varner is still hopeful that some members of the community will raise their hands at the last minute to help fill his openings. But his optimism is tenuous.

"We've always been able to do it. I'm trying to be optimistic that we can do it this year," Varner said. "But there is going to be a day that we're going to have an empty classroom."

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From 'crisis' to 'catastrophe,' schools scramble once again to find teachers

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As students head back to the classroom, school districts are once again scrambling to fill jobs as teacher shortages show little signs of improving

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(Researched by Ballo)

URL:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UNG0txZP3-g

Title: Group Urges Review of Teacher Education System |
The Final Word

Author: CNN Philippines

Date: February 2, 2023

Key Info: The curriculum of teacher education is being reviewed to meet DepEd standards adequately. Teacher performance is being monitored more closely to ensure that the students are receiving the adequate knowledge and relevant skills they need to thrive.

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Picture taken from the website (Researched by Togonon)

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URL: https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2016/08/jack-ma-quality-rural-education-key-for-china/

TITLE: Jack Ma: Quality Rural Education Key for China

Author: United Nations SDG Advocates

Date: August 3, 2016

Key Info: This article discusses the views of Jack Ma, the chairman of Alibaba Group and SDG Advocate, on the significance of enhancing education in rural areas to reduce poverty in China. This topic has opened up relevance to our research as it entails that countries must continue to evaluate and develop teacher training programs, especially in rural communities. Mindanao schools have seen a decline in the number of well-trained teachers, especially in public and rural schools.

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URL: https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1192205

Title: Quality Teachers’ Education part of PDP 2023-2028

Author: Philippine News Agency

Date: January 7, 2023

Key Info: This article discusses the goal of the Marcos Administration to enhance teacher training programs and remedy the unsatisfactory outcomes of licensure exams. Teacher training programs are essential in equipping teachers with the necessary skills and techniques in the classroom, as well as preparing them for the expectations set on educators. The Marcos Administrator and DepEd spearhead this goal; this becomes a concern for schools in Mindanao that are primarily lacking in equipping their teachers.

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Url: https://www.rappler.com/nation/mindanao/deped-flunks-davao-not-sara-duterte-university-mindanao-survey/?fbclid=IwAR1m6ps6KM2ZJOfj42EPDAe8HwJXHQRCJ_yeQ-2LuQQMKk7R1dv78ZpHpp0

Title: DepEd flunks in Davao, but not Sara - UM survey

Author: Lucelle Bonzo

Date: March 30, 2023

Key Info: A survey conducted by the University of Mindanao revealed a majority of Dabawenyos are unsatisfied with DepEd's responses to the educational issues in Davao. Elsa Villuenva pointed out that part of a child's literacy development and foundations, is the teacher's ability to teach reading as a basic skill and master basic problem-solving skills in non-routine problems.

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The results of the survey, conducted from February 8-15, show that only two of every 10 Dabawenyos are satisfied with the government's response for quality education

DAVAO, Philippines - Some 55.8% of Dabawenyos are dissatisfied with the government's work on education, yet a majority still want their former mayor, Vice President Sara Duterte, to continue serving as education secretary, the results of a survey by the University of Mindanao-Institute of Popular Opinion showed.

The results of the survey, conducted from February 8-15, showed that only two of every 10 Dabawenyos were satisfied with the government's response for quality education.

The respondents blamed the "dismal performance" on the Department of Education (DepEd) and the Commission on Higher Education (CHED).

Survey results showed that four of every 10 Dabawenyos support the mass promotion of pupils - or allowing them to proceed to the next grade - regardless of their performances.

Almost half of the respondents are in favor of making the National College Admissions test mandatory for college entrants as other Southeast Asian countries are implementing, the results also showed.

Yet, even as the survey results showed that most Dabawenyos were critical of the government's work on education, 57.5% or about six of every 10 respondents want Vice President and concurrent Education Secretary Duterte to remain as head of the department.

The survey holds a margin of error of 2-3% with a 95% confidence level.

UM institute and publication deputy director John Vianne Murcia said the survey was conducted in response to the declining rank of the country in the Programme for International Students Assessment (PISA) for English, science, and math.

In the 2018 PISA results, the Philippines scored lowest in reading and comprehension and the second lowest in mathematics and science.

Released on December 3, 2019, the PISA results showed a score of 353 in mathematics, 357 in science, and 340 in reading - all below the average of participating Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries.

Murcia said, "There is a dire need for the government to address the crisis in education, especially the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the education sector."

Elsa Villanueva, the principal at the private school Assumption School of Davao, said the assessment could be used as a baseline for intervention programs.

In sample assessments, the skills in reading non-linear and non-print texts such as graphs, charts, and visuals are measured.

Villanueva said students must develop reading fluency in the formative years to be able to read with speed, accuracy, and proper expression that are important in developing comprehension.

"All teachers must be trained to teach reading as it is a basic skill that is done alongside other subjects. Teachers must also improve their mastery of basic concepts and problem-solving skills, particularly in non-routine problems," she added.

Villanueva said distance learning, especially at the start of the pandemic, made it more difficult for students to learn math concepts, and there was no collaboration in problem-solving.

In DepEd's Basic Education Report released in January, Duterte said Filipino learners were not academically proficient.

"Oftentimes, Filipino learners experience emotional abuse, and exhaustion. Some Filipino learners suffer from psychological fatigue. And being academically insecure, many of them failed to meet the standards of the demanding and competitive world," she said.

She said these were caused and triggered by "conditions present at home, in our communities and even in our schools as a result of problems ingrained in our system."

The Davao survey results were released as the Alliance of Concerned Teachers (ACT) said the learning crisis was rooted in the "long-time government neglect" of the education sector.

ACT said the "neglect" was reflected in severe shortages of infrastructure, learning resources, teaching, and non-teaching personnel.

As a result, "teachers are overworked, undersupported, and underpaid, and [it] has deprived access to education to millions of school-aged children and youth in situations of disadvantage," ACT said. - Rappler.com
Lucelle Bonzo is an Aries Rufo Journalism fellow.

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DepEd flunks in Davao, but not Sara - UM survey

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The results of the survey, conducted from February 8-15, show that only two of every 10 Dabawenyos are satisfied with the government's response for quality education

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(Researched by Castillo)
Url: https://www.instagram.com/reel/CfMf9h5JuBh/?igshid=MzRlODBiNWFlZA==

Title: How can principals retain quality teachers?

Author: Danielle Alanna (@hotmessteaching)

Date: January 2022 (top comments indicate 64 weeks ago)

Key Info: The Instagram Reel by Danielle points out that their lack of support and failure to treat teachers with dignity and respect has caused teachers to leave schools which in turn affects students' learning. In the context of our research, toxic school leaders or officials can be considered a factor in the decline of quality teacher training that ultimately impacts student performance in classrooms