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The Columbian Exchange is the exchange of ideas, food, crops, diseases, and populations between the New world and the Old world. The voyage to what is now North America by Christopher Columbus. The foods that were exchanged were potatoes, sweet potatoes, maize, and cassava. The diseases that were exchanged were smallpox, measles, whooping cough, chicken pox, bubonic plague, typhus, and malaria. It had massive population growth and increasing urbanization.

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The first permanent English settlement in North America. Established by the Virginia Company of London. It was rediscovered when they dug between the James river and the church tower. Jamestown is located in what is now Williamsburg, Virginia. The people of Jamestown were imidiatly attacked from Algonquian natives, rampant disease, and internal political strife, famine and illness during the winter killed off half of the colonists.

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The Salem Witch Trials were a result of church politics, family feuds, and hysterical children. A series of investigations and persecutions that resulted in the executions of 20 people. fourteen of them women and all but one by hanging. Five others including two infant children died in prison. The witch tests were impossible to pass and the prison basement was known as Which Jail.

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The English and the French were not on great terms. Then the French were on the edge of English territory. The English allied with the Iroquois Confederacy and the French allied with the Huron. There was a series of battles and at the first French were beating the English. But the English won a battle in Quebec which was the turning point. The French lost the war and they signed the Treaty of Paris and agreed to give up the land in North America.

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The British needed help to pay for the expenses so they involved the American Colonies. Parliament passed the Townshend Acts that put taxes on glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea. In response to the new taxes the colonies decided to discourage the purchase of British imports. The Townshend Acts established an American Custom board in Boston to collect taxes. And it also set up new courts in America to prosecute smugglers without using a local jury.

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Fifteen British soldiers were surrounding the custom house where the king's money was. Protecting the custom house from the colonists that were throwing things at them like clubs, snowballs, and other things. The soldiers and colonists were both yelling at each other. But after 20 minutes it was over with a few people killed and wounded. The Boston Massacre helped unite the colonies against Britain.

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The Boston Tea Party was a political protest that occurred. American colonists were frustrated and angry at Britain for taxing them. The colonists dumped 342 chests of tea that were imported by the British East India Company into the harbor. This fueled the tension that had already begun between Britain and America. To agitate against both a tax on tea and the perceived monopoly of the East India Company.

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The Intolerable Acts were four laws passed by the British Parliament to punish the colonies for the Boston Tea Party. The Acts that made up the Intolerable acts were the Boston Port Bill, Massachusetts Government Act, Administration of Justice Act, and the Quartering Act. Boston was the center focus of the Intolerable Acts because they were the ones who were causing all of the trouble. The colonists responded to the Intolerable Acts by protesting and organizing. Which led to the First Continental Congress in Philadelphia.

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The First Continental Congress was a meeting of delegates from twelve of the thirteen colonies. They met in Philadelphia to consider the British government's restraints of trad and representative government. The Congress issued a Declaration of Rights saying they were loyal to the British Crown. But disputing the British Parliament's rights to tax them without representation. One accomplishment was the colonies would boycott British goods beginning in December.

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Lexington and Concord marked the start of the American War for Independence. They are also known as "The shot heard around the world." The reason that they were in Lexington and Concord was because the British sent troops to get John Hancock and Samuel Adams and they were in Lexington. And the British also were going to seize the weapons in Concord. The battles were considered a major victory for the Colonies.

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The Second Continental Congress was a meeting of delegates from the colonies to form a government together. It also was to make decisions about the war with Britain over American independence. The colonists adopted the Olive Branch Petition and were sent to the king. They appointed George Washington commander in chief of the army. And also established the Continental Army and Currency, a spy network for the war.

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It was a bloody fight that took place throughout a hilly landscape. About 450 Americans were killed, wounded, or captured. The number of British killed or wounded were 1,054 including 89 officers. The british defeated the Americans but the battle provided them with an important confidence boost during the siege of Boston. It was caused by the British trying to keep control of the city and control its valuable seaport.

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The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen United States of America. The Declaration is what split up the Colonies and England. It is a general statement of natural rights theory and the purpose of government and the declaration of independence from England. Three Ideas of the Declaration are "People have certain inalienable rights including Life, Liberty and Pursuit of Happiness". It was written by Thomas Jefferson and Signed by every delegate.

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The Articles of Confederation combined the 13 states as The United States of America. It was the first constitution and consisted of 13 articles that gave powers to a national government.  A weakness is that congress commanded little respect and no support from state governments. The Articles were wrote by Josiah Bartlett and John Dickinson. They wrote it so weakly because they wanted to protect the citizens rights and didn't want the government to have all of the power.

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What Were the Articles of Confederation? | History

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The Treaty of Paris ended the American Revolution. And also formally recognized the United States as an Independent nation. It also granted America the western territory. It Showed that other countries could fight for their own independence. The treaty was signed on September 3, 1783 and congress of the confederation ratified the treaty on January 14, 1784.

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3rd September 1783: Treaty of Paris ends the American Revolutionary War