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Skin tears more easily, and bruises take longer to heal.

Cold tolerance decreases.

Old-age spots appear on the skin.

Blood flow decreases.

Skin becomes dry.

Sensory nerve endings become less sensitive to everything (Sight, hearing, taste, touch, smell)

Vitamin D absorption decreases=Vitamin D deficiency

Hair thins change color to gray/white

Finger and toenails become rigid, change shape and thicken, and color changes to yellow or split.

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•Bone loss occurs (called osteoporosis).

•The face may sag, and eyes appear to shrink into the head due to decreases in bone and fat volume.
•Deterioration to the vertebra at the top of the spine causes head to tip forward.
•Cartilage lining the joints thins and becomes less flexible, increasing likelihood of injury .
•lubricating fluid in the joints lessens,causing ligaments to lose flexibility.

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•Muscle tissue and strength starts decreasing at age 30.
•The number and size of muscle fibers permanently decrease, making exercise more challenging.
•Muscle is replaced by fatty or fibrous tissue, making muscle stiff.
•Muscle is replaced by body fat.The changes the shape of the body as fat settles in the abdomen and buttocks.

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Chemical messages and blood flow to the brain decreases.
Sensation decreases.
Cerebellum may deteriorate, causing loss of balance=
HIGH FALL RISK*
By age 70, short-term memory, learning new material and recall is more difficult.

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•the ability to do things like smell, hear, touch, see,taste, feel pain, temperature, pressure,  and itch.
•Decreased sense of heat or cold
• changes in vision may occur
Decrease in the ability
•decrease in hearing may occur

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The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) controls involuntary, unconscious body functions. 

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The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) controls involuntary, unconscious body functions. 

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The sympathetic nervous system controls our body's fight-or-flight response, which prepares the body for an emergency: racing heart rate, rapid breathing, eyes dilate, digestion decreases.
The parasympathetic nervous system controls the body's rest-and-digest response, which calms the body after the fight-or-flight response by decreasing heart rate and respirations.

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•Aveoli, airway, and tissues lose elasticity and become more rigid.
•The diaphragm weakens.
•Pathogen-fighting cells fail, making it harder for the lungs to fight infection.
•A person’s cough weakens, making it harde to clear the lungs.

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•The thymus slows down.
•Cells are less able to destroy pathogens and other foreign substances, increasing the risk of infection; sometimes cells attack normal, healthy blood cells.

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•Heart muscle reduces in size, and blood vessels become stiff and less elastic.
•Plaque accumulates on the inside of the arteries (atherosclerosis).
•arteries harden and lose their elasticity (arteriosclerosis), decreasing blood flow.
•The amount of bone marrow decreases.
•Blood cell production slows.

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•Made of blood vessels and arteries
•Arteries move oxygenated blood to the heart
•Blood vessels move blood from heart to rest of body
•The average  adult has 10-15 pints of blood
•Blood consists plasma and blood cells
•Plasma transports hormones, proteins, wastes, and sugars throughout the body
•Red blood cells(erythrocytes) carry oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
•White blood cells(leukocytes)  defend the body from pathogens

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•Muscles in the esophagus weaken, sometimes causing problems with swallowing.
•The stomach is less elastic and holds a smaller amount of food.
•Less lactase ( an enzyme needed to digest milk) is produced.
•Food moves more slowly through the large intestine, increasing the possibility of blockage and constipation.
•Liver enzymes function less effectively, making it harder to remove drugs and other substances from the body.
•Taste buds lose sensitivity.
•The sense of smell lessens.
•Mouth dryness increases because less saliva is produced.
• Dry mouth and loss os taste and smell reduce the ability to taste food and lessen appetite.
•Teeth weaken and become brittle, and tooth enamel tends to wear away.
•Gums may start to pull away from the teeth, causing the gum-line to become exposed to bacteria and food.

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•Lays in the pericardium
•Made of the epicardium(thin, watery layer), myocardium(in the middle of the heart), and endocardium (innermost layer of the heart)
•Has 4 parts , the left  and right atrias at the top and the left and right  ventricles at the bottom.

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•estrogen levels decrease, causing the ovaries and uterus to become smaller and causing the tissue and lining of the vegan to become thinner, drier, and less flexible.
•Breast may become less firm and more fibrous and often will sag.
•Male sex drive decreases.
•Fewer sperm are produced.
•erectile dysfunction may occur due to changes in aging blood vessel concentration.