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The gold rush made a lot of people swarm into California, enough to declare California a new state. California enters as a slave-free state. Other states such as Utah and New Mexico enter as states governed by popular sovereignty. Popular Sovereignty makes slavery legalization up to the people of the state. Also adds a strong Fugitive Slave act.

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John Brown was a violent anti-slavery crusader who raided Southern and pro-slaver settlements. Him and his sons made a plan to attack Harpers Ferry, free the slaves there, and kill and pillage the town. His plan went very wrong and two of his sons were killed, along with 9 of his men. He was captured and executed. Most of the North supported him, the South wanted to (and did so) kill him.

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The Fugitive Slave act was something that the South had wanted for a long time. The Act made it so that marshals would be deployed in Northern states to recapture slaves and return them to their owners.

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Abraham Lincoln was elected in 1860. He starts his term by saying, "I only want new states to not have slavery". By the end of his term, he had made many bills and an amendment to remove slavery completely. He makes the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1st, 1863.

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Emancipation Proclamation and the 13th Amendment

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Emancipation Proclamation and the 13th Amendment

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Lincoln First made the Emancipation Proclamation, which declared that "all slaves in rebellious states are, and henceforward shall be free." The 13th Amendment was passed on December 6th, 1865, and declared that "Neither slavery nor involuntary solitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." In short, this law removed slavery in all of America forever.

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Ulysses Grant (right) and Robert E. Lee (Left)

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After a long and tiresome war, Robert E. Lee surrendered at the Appomattox courthouse, on very good terms. Some of these terms included; being able to go back home and live a normal life, not having your weapons confiscated, and not being executed for treason.