# data[].attributes.body
Performance Assessment: evaluates a student based on their ability to demonstrate their mastery of knowledge or skills through tasks, rather than choosing an answer from a ready-made list. The performance assessment definition is straightforward, but in practice, it can be demonstrated in numerous different ways.

Why using Performance Assessment?
Using performance-based assessments, rather than written assessments, allows students the flexibility to show the ways in which they have learned the material while challenging them to use higher-order thinking skills to apply their knowledge. they allow students the opportunity to demonstrate in a task what they have learned.

Examples:
- Answering open-ended questions
- Developing an analysis
- Constructing an investigation
- Lab experiments
- Curating a portfolio

References:
https://study.com/academy/lesson/performance-assessments-product-vs-process.html

# data[].attributes.body
Formative assessment is a flexible and informal way of assessing a pupil’s progress and understanding of a certain subject matter. It may be recorded in a variety of ways, or may not be recorded at all, except perhaps in lesson planning to address the next steps.

The summative assessment aims to evaluate students' learning and achievement at the end of a term, year or semester by comparing it against a universal standard or school benchmark. Summative assessments often have a high point value, take place under controlled conditions, and therefore have more visibility.

Formative assessment examples:

Impromptu quizzes or anonymous voting

Short comparative assessments to see how pupils are performing against their peers

One-minute papers on a specific subject matter

Lesson exit tickets to summarize what pupils have learned

Silent classroom polls

Ask students to create a visualization or doodle map of what they learned

Summative assessment examples:

End-of-term or midterm exams

Cumulative work over an extended period such as a final project or creative portfolio

End-of-unit or chapter tests

Standardized tests that demonstrate school accountability are used for pupil admissions; SATs, GCSEs and A-Levels

https://resourced.prometheanworld.com/types-of-summative-formative-assessment/

# data[].attributes.body
Finding a balance between these three types of Assessments in a classroom will create inclusion in assessment as much as differentiation does in instruction. Let's explain what these type of assessments are, why they are used and how they look like in a classroom.

Assessment Of Learning is sometimes referred to as "summative assessment". It is usually implemented at the end of a lesson or unit to look for evidence of the students learning. This type of assessment is guided by the outcomes expected at the end of the learning, and the results of the assessment will be compared to the standards of the curriculum to see if they are meeting or not.

Assessment of learning is used:
- to demonstrate achievement
- to provide evidence of achievement to the wider community including parents, educators, the students themselves, etc.
- to provide transparent interpretation across all audiences
plan future learning goals and pathways for students
- for grading and ranking students.
- to put emphasis on scoring, grades, and competition.

Examples:
- Exams
- Projects
- Essays
Assessment For Learning: involves teachers using evidence about students’ knowledge, understanding, and skills to inform their teaching. Sometimes referred to as ‘formative assessment’, it usually occurs throughout the teaching and learning process to clarify student learning and understanding.

Assessment for learning is used:
- to clarify students learning and understanding throughout the lesson or unit.
- to inform instruction. The teacher can adapt his teaching to the needs of the students at any moment during the progression of the teaching.
- to give feedback on learning and teaching
- to put emphasis on feedback, support and collaboration

Examples:
- Questioning
- Observation
- Written or oral feedback to students
- Staff-student dialogue
- Exit/Entry tickets

A good resource of examples:
15 Assessment for Learning Strategies and Ideas You Can Try This Term:

Assessment As Learning:  it occurs when students are their own assessors. Students monitor their own learning, ask questions and use a range of strategies to decide what they know and can do, and how to use assessment for new learning.

Assessment as learning is used:
- to promote deeper learning
- to learn how to learn
- to put emphasis on collaboration, reflection, and self-evaluation
- to encourage students to take responsibility for their own learning
- to have students ask questions about their own learning

Examples:
- Project based learning
- experiential learning
- Service learning projects

References:
https://www.harapnuik.org/?p=8475
https://obwe.weebly.com/assessment-as-learning.html

# data[].attributes.body
4. Criterion-referenced Assessment(Cici)
Definition: An assessment that measures student performance against a fixed set of predetermined criteria or learning standards,.Most commonly known as criterion-reference exams are state standardized assessments.

Example: At the end of the spring semester, students take the state standardized test. The state uses the scores for accountability measures.

5. Norm-referenced Assessment (Cici)
Definition: An assessment or evaluation that yields an estimate of the position of the tested individual in a predefined population with respect to the trait being measured. Results are usually communicated as a percentile ranking.

Example: National tests that measure students' performance against other students, Advanced placements exams, SAT, AND ACT are all norm-referenced assessments.

Resources:
1.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0xQKPz0zDL8
2. Praxis 5622 PLT book
3.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zTkQjH-_97c
4.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5hJNpO0JPE

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Criterion-referenced vs Norm-referenced Test - Professional Education

# data[].attributes.headline
Different Types of Assessments that Can be Used in the Classroom

# data[].attributes.subject
Different Types of Assessments that Can be Used in the Classroom

# data[].attributes.body
Different types of assessment:
1. Diagnostic
2. Formative
3. Summative
4. Criterion-referenced(Cici)
5. Norm-referenced (Cici)
6. Informative
7.  Formal
8.Performance assessment