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A 김민서 백호준 박루아 이도윤
B 이찬혁 김예은 한예령 김민걸
C 황지현 위서현 김난하 이가윤

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- Abortion 기사 전체 복습해두기
- 말하기 수행평가 주제, 날짜 올리기
- Padlet 노락딱지 붙은 사람 수정해두기

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해석: (사전적 의미 또는 비유적/관용적 의미)
맥락: (해당 단어/구절이 언급된 기사 문장과 여기에서의 정확한 맥락)
Fuel costs hurt, but there are ways oil supply can be boosted to help meet demand.
* 메모지의 색은 흰색으로 통일
* 익명으로 작성하지 않음
(반드시 학교 구글계정으로 로그인)
* 메모지 한 개 당 단어/구절 하나씩
* 메모지의 순서를 바꿀 수 있으니 기사문에서의 단어 순으로 정렬

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김민서, 이찬혁, 황지현

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김민서, 이찬혁, 황지현

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백호준, 김예은, 위서현

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백호준, 김예은, 위서현

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박루아, 한예령, 김난하

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박루아, 한예령, 김난하

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이도윤, 김민걸, 이가윤

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이도윤, 김민걸, 이가윤

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Target Regulation of Abortion Providers
(직역: 낙태 제공자에 대한 규제)
낙태반대법 - 여성이 낙태를 하는 절차를 더 어렵게 만든다. 미국의 몇몇 주에 trap 법이 제정되었다.

While broader abortion bans are now possible in any state that wishes to enact one, plenty of individual states have already enacted TRAP laws that make getting an abortion more difficult.

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과거의 재판으로 법적으로 낙태가 허용된 사례
Roe vs. Wade is now overturned는 그 판결이 뒤집혔다는 뜻으로 이제 낙태가 더이상 허용이 안될수도 있다는 가능성을 말해준다.

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Drive up : -를 끌어올리다.
Abortion access is a major force that has driven up women's labor force participation.

낙태의 접근성은 여성의 노동력 참여를 끌어올린다 라는 뜻으로 해석이 가능하다

cascading effects : 연쇄적인 영향
And taking away the ability to make that dicision stands to upend decades of progress women have amde in the work force, which has cascading effects on women's place in society
그 결정을 (낙태) 할 능력을 빼앗는 것은 일자리에서 여성이 몇십년 동안 만들어온 발전을 뒤엎는 것을 의미한다. 그리고 이것은 사회에서의 여성의 위치에 연쇄적인 영향을 미친다

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Occupational segregation: 직업 분리; (여자와 남자의 직업이 분리됨) 여성과 남성이 직업을 종사하는 비율/경향

여성은 아이의 유무에 따라 사회적 진출이 제한된다 - 아이가 있다면 알바 또는 지급이 적은 직장에 취업하게 됨

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Institute for Women's Policy Research
여성정책연구소

The IWPR estimates that if existing abortion restrictions went away, women across the US would make $1600 more a year on average

IWPR은 기존의 낙태 제한이 없어지면 미국 전역의 여성들이 평균적으로 연간 1600 달러를 더 벌 수 있을 것으로 추정했다.
1403 김민걸

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Insidioulsy: 교활하게

Perhaps most insidioulsy, lack of aboriton access seriously restricts women's hopes for their own careers.
아마도 가장 교활하게, 낙태의 부족은 여성의 취업에 대한 희망을 매우 제한한다

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Concrete and ephermal: 구체적이며 일시적이다

Limiting women's automy over their reproductive rights reinforce the unequal status of women in ways that are both concrete and ephermal.

여성의 재생산 권리에 대한 여성 자율권을 제한하는 것은 구체적이며 일시적인 방식으로 여성의 불평등 지위를 악화한다.

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Lost income doesn't just affect women who have unwanted pregnancies
분실된 소득은 원치 않던 임신을 한 여성들에게만 영향을 미치는 것은 아니다
분실 소득

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Women’s labor force participation rate 1405김예은

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Women’s labor force participation rate 1405김예은

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Women’s labor force participation rate:여성의 노동력 인구비율, 노동력률(생산연령 인구에 대한 노동력 인구) Abortion access is a major force that has driven up women’s labor force participation. ‘낙태에 대한 접근성은 여성의 노동력 인구를 끌어올린 주요한 힘이다.’ 여기서 낙태가 여성의 노동력에 미친 긍정적 영향을 설명하기 위해 women’s labor force participation 라는 말이 쓰였다.

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위태롭게 하다
낙태가 불법으로 되는 것은 여성의 개인적인 영향을 미치고 직업적으로 위태롭게 할 것 이다.
Roe VS. Wade is now overturned, which will soon effectively_make abortion illegal in about half of US states. If that happens, historical data tells us that not only will this affect women personally, but it will jeopardize their professional lives, too.

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And taking away the ability to make that decision stands to upend decades of progress women have made in the workforce, which has cascading effects on women’s place in society.

연쇄적인 영향

그리고 그 결정을 내릴 수 있는 능력을(낙태할 권리) 빼앗는 것은 여성들의 지위에 연쇄적인 영향을 끼치는 노동력 (여성들이 수십년간 이뤄온 ) 발전을 뒤집는 것입니다.

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https://www.vox.com/recode/23074696/abortion-illegal-supereme-court-women-work

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This story is part of a group of stories called

Uncovering and explaining how our digital world is changing - and changing us.

Roe vs. Wade is all but certain to be overturned, which could effectively make abortion illegal in about half of US states. If that happens, historical data tells us that not only will this affect women personally, but it will jeopardize their professional lives, too.

That decision, a draft of which was leaked to Politico earlier this month, affects a woman's likelihood to work at all, what type of job she takes, how much education she receives, how much money she makes, and even the hopes and dreams she has for herself. In turn, her career affects nearly all other aspects of her life, from her likelihood to live in poverty to her view of herself.

And taking away the ability to make that decision stands to upend decades of progress women have made in the workforce, which has cascading effects on women's place in society.

As Caitlin Myers, a professor of economics at Middlebury College, put it, "Childbearing is the single most economically important decision most women make."

We know all this because of decades of research on how abortion bans hurt women - research that Myers, along with more than 150 other economists, outlined in an amicus brief to the Supreme Court in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, the Mississippi case that's likely to upend Roe v. Wade. In addition to long-term studies specifically looking at outcomes of women who were unable to get an abortion versus those who did, there's even more robust data around the negative causal effects of having children on women in general. It's also just common sense, according to Jason Lindo, a professor of economics at Texas A&M University.

"Anyone who has had kids or seriously thought about having kids knows it's super costly in terms of time and money," Lindo said. "So of course restrictions that make it harder for people to time when they have kids or which increase the number of children that they have is going to have serious impacts on their careers and their economic circumstances."

Even in the absence of a national ban, state anti-abortion measures have been a huge burden on women and society at large. The Institute for Women's Policy Research (IWPR) estimated that state-level restrictions have cost those economies $105 billion a year in reduced labor force participation, reduced earnings, increased turnover, and time off among prime working-age women.

An abortion ban won't affect all women equally, either. Myers says that in regions of the country where abortion is banned and where travel distances will increase for women to be able to get an abortion, about three-quarters of women seeking abortions will still do so. That means roughly a quarter of women there - in Myers's words, "the poorest, the most vulnerable, the most financially fragile women in a wide swath of the Deep South and the Midwest" - will not receive their health care services.

As the US faces an ongoing labor shortage - one led in part by women who have left the workforce to care for children and elders during the pandemic - the Supreme Court's expected decision will exacerbate the situation and potentially change women's experience in the workforce for years to come.

1) Women's labor force participation could go down

Abortion access is a major force that has driven up women's labor force participation. Nationally, women's labor force participation rates went from around 40 percent before Roe v. Wade was passed in 1973 to nearly 60 percent before the pandemic (men's participation was nearly 70 percent at that time). Abortion bans could thwart or even reverse some of those gains.

Using data from the Turnaway Study, landmark research that compares outcomes over time for women across the country who received or were denied abortions, University of California San Francisco professor Diana Greene Foster and fellow researchers found that six months after they were denied an abortion, women were less likely to be employed full-time than those who received an abortion. That difference remained significant for four years after these women were denied abortions, a gap that could affect their employment prospects even further into the future.

2) Lower educational attainment

Education rates are foundational for career prospects and pay. A 1996 study by Joshua Angrist and William Evans looked at states that liberalized abortion laws before Roe v. Wade andfound abortion access leads to higher education rates and labor-market outcomes. American University economics professor Kelly Jones used state abortion regulation data to determine that legal abortion access for young women who became pregnant increased their educational attainment by nearly a year and their likelihood of finishing college by about 20 percentage points. The evidence is largely driven by the impacts on young Black women.

Other research by Jones and Mayra Pineda-Torres found that simple exposure to targeted restrictions on abortion providers, or TRAP laws, reduced young Black teenagers' likelihood of attending or completing college. In turn, lower education affects which jobs women are qualified for.

3) The types of jobs women get will be more restricted

Having children significantly affects the types of jobs women get, often steering them to part-time work or lower-paying occupations. While a broader abortion ban is on the horizon, plenty of individual states have already enacted TRAP laws that make getting an abortion more difficult. This legislation has also provided a natural experiment for researchers like Kate Bahn, chief economist at research nonprofit Washington Center for Equitable Growth, who found women in these states were less likely to move into higher-paid occupations.

"We know a lot from previous research on the initial expansion of birth control pills and abortion care in the '70s that, when women have a little more certainty over their family planning, they just make choices differently," Bahn told Recode.

This could lead to more occupational segregation - women's overrepresentation in certain fields like health care and teaching, for example - which reduces wages in those fields, even when accounting for education, experience, and location.

4) All of the above negatively affect income

Curtailing which jobs women get, taking time out of the workforce, receiving less education - all of these hurt women's pay, which is already lower on average than men's.

One paper by economist Ali Abboud that looked at states where abortion was legal before Roe v. Wade found that young women who got an abortion to delay an unplanned pregnancy for just one year had an 11 percent increase in hourly wages compared to the mean. Jones's research found that legal abortion access for pregnant young women increased their likelihood of entering a professional occupation by 35 percentage points.

The IWPR estimates that if existing abortion restrictions went away, women across the US would make $1,600 more a year on average. Lost income doesn't just affect women who have unwanted pregnancies, but also their families and their existing children. Income, in turn, affects poverty rates of not only the women who have to go through unwanted pregnancy, but also their existing children.

5) Lack of abortion access limits women's career aspirations

Perhaps most insidiously, lack of abortion access seriously restricts women's hopes for their own careers. Building on her team's research in the Turnaway Study, Foster found that women who were unable to get a desired abortion were significantly less likely to have one-year goals related to employment than those who did, likely because those goals would be much harder to achieve while taking care of a newborn. They were also less likely to have one-year or five-year aspirational goals in general.

Limiting women's autonomy over their reproductive rights reinforces the unequal status of women in ways that are both concrete and ephemeral, C. Nicole Mason, president and CEO of IWPR, told Recode.

"That's a very psychic, emotional, psychological feeling - to feel and understand that my equality, my rights, are less than my male counterparts," she said. "The law is making it so. The Supreme Court is making it so."

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5 ways abortion bans could hurt women in the workforce

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Uncovering and explaining how our digital world is changing - and changing us. Roe vs. Wade is all but certain to be overturned, which could effectively make abortion illegal in about half of US states. If that happens, historical data tells us that not only will this affect women personally, but it will jeopardize their professional lives, too.

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Limiting women's autonomy over their reproductive rights reinforces
여성의 재생산권에 대한 자율성을 제한하는 것을 강화하는 것

의미: 재생산권
인간의 생식 활동에 관련된 제반의 건강과 활동을 의미하는 개념
이가윤

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:직업의
Having children significantly affects the types of jobs women get, often steering them to part-time work or lower-paying occupations.
자녀를 갖는 것은 여성이 얻는 일자리의 유형에 큰 영향을 미치며, 종종 파트 타임 작업이나 저임금 직업으로 그들을 조종한다는 뜻으로 해석이 된다.

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Labor market- 종업원이 공급을 제공하고 고용주가 수요를 제공하는 노동력의 공급과 수요.
(the supply of and demand for labor, in which employees provide the supply and employers provide the demand)
Higher education rates and labor-market outcomes.
1402 김난하

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직역: 저임금 직업

Having children significantly affects the types of jobs women get, often steering them to part-time work or lower-paying occupations.

아이를 낳는 것은 여성이 가지는 직업의 종류에 큰 영향을 준다. (아이를 낳으면) 종종 그들은 (여성들은) 파트타임 직업을 가지거나 저임금 직업을 가지게 된다.

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Childbearing is the single most economically important decision most women make.

출산은 여성이 하는 단일작 결정 중 경제적으로 가장 중요한 결정이다.

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This legislation has also provided a natural experiment for researchers like Kate Bahn.
이 법률 제정은 제공 되었다, 자연의 경험을, kate bahn과 같은 연구자들로부터

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Politico: 미국의 정치 신문
a draft of which was leaked to Politico in May~

5월에 Politico 신문에 유출된 초안.

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좌절시키다.
Abortion bans could thwart or even reverse some of those gains.
낙태 금지는 그러한 수익을 좌절시키거나 뒤바꿀 수 있다.
이 때 그러한 수익이란, 낙태를 허용한 후, 여성의 노동 참가 비율이 는 것을 일컫는다.

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낮은 학습 성과

문단 2의 전체 내용 정리, 낙태권이 있는 여성은 발전된 교육 (고등교육) 을 받을 수 있으며, 임신한 여성에게 낙태권이 보장된 이후로 임신한 여성 중 대학교를 끝마치는 여성의 확률이 20% 올라감.

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 1413 이도윤 Career aspirations 직업 포부( 희망하는 직업)

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 1413 이도윤 Career aspirations 직업 포부( 희망하는 직업)

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Lack of abortion access limits women’s career aspirations
낙태 접근 부족은 여성의 직업 포부를 제한한다

낙태를 접근할 수 있었던 여성은 희망하는 직업을 가지는 비율이 높았다 - 낙태에 접근을 할 수 없던 여성은 아이를 돌봐야했기 때문에 희망하는 직업을 가질 수 없었음.

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Francisco professor diana greene foster and fellow researcher found that six months after they were denied an abortion.
프랜시스코에 다이애나 교수랑 동료 연구자들은 낙태를 거절 당한 여성들이 육개월 후 낙태를 허용된 사람들 보다 좋은 직업을 부여받기 어렵다는 것을 찾아내었다

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In turn: 결국
In turn, her career affects nearly all other aspects of her life, from her likelihood to live in poverty to her view of  herself.
결국 그녀의 커리어는 그녀의 인생의 거의 모든 요소에 영향을 준다, 그녀가 빈곤으로 살 가능성 부터 그녀의 자아개념 까지.

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뒤집다
And taking away the ability to make that decision stands to upend decades of progress women have made in the workforce, which has cascading effects on women's place in society.

그 결정을 내릴 수 있는 능력을 빼앗는 것은 여성들이 사회에서 여성의 위치에 계속되는 영향을 미치는 수십 년간의 노동력 발전을 뒤집는 것이다.

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Dobbs v. Jackson Women’snhealthe organization

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Dobbs v. Jackson Women’snhealthe organization

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도브스 대 잭슨 여성 건강 기구 사건은 미국 수정 헌법 제14조가 낙태권에 대한 보장을 포함하고 있는가의 여부에 관련된 미국 연방 대법원의 판례이다.
연방 대법원은 해당 사건에 대해 수정 헌법 제14조는 낙태권에 대한 보장을 포함하지 않는다고 판결하였다.

We know all this because of decades of research on how abortion bans hurt women -research that Myers, along with more than 150 other economist, outlined in an amicus brief to the Supreme Court in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health.

Roe vs. Wade 판결이 뒤집한 사례

우리는 낙태 금지가 어떻게 여성에게 해를 끼치는지에 대한 수십 년간의 연구 때문에 이 모든 것을 알고 있다 - 마이어스는 150명 이상의 다른 경제학자들과 함께 돕 대 잭슨 여성 건강 기구의 대법원에 제출한 아미쿠스 브리핑에서 개요를 설명했다

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고용 전망
That difference remained significant for four years after these women were denied abortions, a gap that could affect their employment prospects even further into the future.
그 차이는 여성들이 낙태를 금지당한 후 4년 동안, 중대하게 지속되고 있다, 그 차이는 심지어 미래에 여성고용전망에도 영향을 끼칠 수 있다.

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연속적인,폭포같은 영향
And taking away the ability to make that decision stands to upend decades of progress women have made in the workforce, which has cascading effects on women's place in society.
여성들이 사회에서 여성의 위치에 연속적인 영향을 미치는