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Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, on October 15, 1931.

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Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam oversaw several nuclear tests at Pokhran. As the then-Prime Minister's Chief Scientific Adviser, Dr Kalam was instrumental in overseeing the Pokhran-II nuclear tests.

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Dr. Kalam's nuclear tests from July 1992 to December 1999 established India as a nuclear power.

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Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam was the head of India's two primary science research organisations, the Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO) and the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)

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Dr. Kalam is credited with being a pioneer in the development and deployment of 'Indigenous Guided Missiles' - AGNI and PRITHVI.

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Dr. Kalam led the creation of India's first satellite launch vehicle (SLV)

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Dr. Kalam spent over ten years at ISRO as the project director for the development of the indigenous Satellite Launch Vehicle.

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Under the direction of Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, India's SLV-III successfully deployed the Rohini satellite into near-Earth orbit in July 1980, making India a member of the exclusive space club.

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Dr. Kalam oversaw projects for the development of ballistic missiles in India. He oversaw the Devil and Valiant projects, which aimed to develop ballistic missiles based on the technology used in the successful SLV programme.

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APJ Abdul Kalam made significant contributions to the healthcare industry. He worked tirelessly to make healthcare available to all. Dr. Kalam collaborated with cardiologist Soma Raju to create the 'Kalam-Raju Stent,' a low-cost coronary stent.