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How did social classes impact the way their civilization was organized?

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How did social classes impact the way their civilization was organized?

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Slaves had no rights and were owned, foreigners had some legal rights and were respected, and the freeman class was just that: free men and women who had legal and political rights and privileges

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What did they do for entertainment? What new forms of art, literature, music, and dance were there?

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What did they do for entertainment? What new forms of art, literature, music, and dance were there?

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Music-They loved music: classical music, opera, lyric poetry,  and modern jazz

Art- meaning:  the importance and accomplishments of human beings.

Literature-Genre: epic, lyric, and pastoral poetry, tragic and comic drama

Dance-Sirtaki, Hasapiko,Kalamatianos, Pentozali, Tsamiko, Ikariotikos, Zeibekiko

Entertainment-The main events are chariot racing, horseback riding, running, wrestling and others.

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Who were the Muses?As we’ve mentioned, there is some debate still going on today as to how many muses there were and what they did, but generally scholars agree today that there were nine principle muses. But who were they? There’s a wealth of information about the Muses out on the web, but one of the most straightforward yet detailed pages is on www.greekmyths-greekmythology.com. This webpage lists the Muses by name, their discipline, and gives a thorough account of the mythology surrounding them. Furthermore there’s other great links to the history of Greek mythology, which is a wealth of fascinating stories guaranteed to get your creative juices flowing! www.greekmyths-greekmythology.com/nine-muses-in-greek-mythology/
Texts vary slightly on this information, and I encourage you do to your own research on the topic, but the list I settled on in the end is as follows:
Calliope, the muse of philosophy and epic poetry
Erato, the muse of love poetry and the lyre
Euterpe, the muse of secular song and the aulos (an ancient Greek flute),
Polyhymnia, the muse of sacred song or hymns
Terpsichore, the muse of dance
Thalia, the muse of comedic theatre and writing
Melpomene, the muse of tragic theatre and writing
Clio, the muse of history,
Urania (or Ourania), the muse of Astronomy.

Greek MythologyThe Muses are a tiny part of the incredibly rich ancient Greek mythology. Stories from ancient Greece continue to be as entertaining and insightful as they were when they were first told thousands of years ago. These stories would have been sung in verse when they were first conceived, but here, on this great website, you can find ancient Greek stories retold for us today in written and spoken word. http://www.storynory.com/category/educational-and-entertaining-stories/greek-myths/

What did ancient Greek music sound like?The ancient Greek world faded over two thousand years ago, and this presents some pretty obvious difficulties for us today when we try to answer the question, “what did ancient Greek music sound like?”. Luckily we have some clues: we know what instruments they used, and some nearby cultures still use techniques that scholars suspect were used by the ancient Greeks. We also are lucky enough to have some tiny scraps of written music from all those centuries ago. This great article outlines how scholars have figured out what they believe music in ancient Greece sounded like, and even includes a recording from a song thousands of years old. The song that is. Not the recording. Obviously. (Teachers: please see additional resources for more guidance on this site) http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-24611454
Further Reading:
•Anderson, WD. Ethos and Education in Greek Music: the evidence of poetry and philosophy (1966). Harvard University Press: Cambridge, Mass.
•D’angour, A. “How did ancient Greek music sound?” BBC News Business. Published 22nd October 2013. Web 26th November 2013.
•Grout, DJ. & Palisca, CV. A History of Western Music (4th ed.) (1988). Norton & Co. Inc: New York.
•Plato Republic. Trans. A.D. Lindsay (1969). Dent: London.
•Price, AW. Virtue and Reason in Plato and Aristotle (2011). Clarendon Press: Oxford
•West, ML. Ancient Greek Music (1992). Clarendon Press: Oxford
If you elect to get one book on this list, I thoroughly recommend getting a copy of Grout and Palisca’s A History of Western Music. This book has been my go-to music bible for a decade, and I am indebted to the authors for inspiring in me a lifelong passion for music history. Their chapter on Music in Antiquity is especially interesting, and is the basis for this lesson.
In researching supplementary material for this lesson, I stumbled across a great article on the BBC website discussing what ancient Greek music sounded like.
Finally, a thanks to Elizabeth Minchin, Professor of Classics and Ancient History at the Australian National University, who read over my lesson to make sure my terminology about all things ancient and Greek were correct. One of a few things I learned: the Romans wore togas; the Greeks wore tunics. Always learning!

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Music and creativity in Ancient Greece - Tim Hansen

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You think you love music? You have nothing on the Ancient Greek obsession. Every aspect of Greek life was punctuated by song: history, poetry, theater, sports and even astronomy. In fact, music was so important to Greek philosopher Plato that he claimed the music we listen t…

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How were different genders and children treated in society? 

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How were different genders and children treated in society? 

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"Girls didn’t go to school, but stayed at home with their mothers until they were married. Only boys of the Upper Class attended school.  In Athens, Corinth Argos, and many other cities, all citizens (remember, only men were citizens) were trained in music, art, literature, politics and trained to be soldiers. The Greek city of Sparta, however, had a very different approach to education. They sought to only teach the boys military skills that they would use when they became soldiers."

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The dead were not buried inside the town. Typically a cemetery was located somewhere down the road outside the town. Some towns also had a special sanctuary nearby. The sanctuary was a place dedicated to a god where the sick could go to be healed and people would go to hear prophesies about their future.

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"Clothing for both women and men consisted of two main garments—a tunic (either a peplos or chiton) and a cloak (himation). The peplos was simply a large rectangle of heavy fabric, usually wool, folded over along the upper edge so that the overfold (apoptygma) would reach to the waist."

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Ancient Greek homes were built around a courtyard or garden. The walls were often made from wood and mud bricks. They had small windows with no glass, but wooden shutters to keep out the hot sun. Many homes didn't have a bathroom.

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At dinner, the Ancient Greeks would eat: eggs (from quail and hens), fish, legumes, olives, cheeses, breads, figs, and any vegetables they could grow and were in season. Such as: arugula, asparagus, cabbage, carrots, and cucumbers.

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Were there different laws for different levels in the social class system?

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Were there different laws for different levels in the social class system?

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This upper class was responsible for everything from the government to education and philosophy.  The middle class was made up of people that may not have been born in Athens but were working hard at their trade.  The lower class of people were just one step above the slaves. And finally, slaves were at the bottom of the social hierarchy. They had no authority and absolutely no rights.

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In ancient Greece, the social system started off fairly simple. You were either a free man, a foreigner, or a slave. Athenian society was ultimately divided into four main social classes: the upper class, middle class, the lower class, and the slave class.

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Interesting Facts about Ancient Greek Art:
"Many of the original Greek sculptures were painted in bright colors and often included elements other than stone such as metal and ivory. The painting of pottery was considered a high art form. The artists often signed their work. The most famous of the Greek sculptors was Phidias. He was the artistic director of the Parthenon. The Greeks used the lost-wax process to make bronze statues. This made it easy to make multiple copies of a statue."

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It may seem strange (and horrible) to us today, but slavery was a common practice during the time period of Ancient Greece. Most Greek families owned at least one slave and slaves were an important part of the culture and economy of Ancient Greece.

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"Staying at Home: Women were expected to stay at home and manage the household.Sometimes men wouldn't allow their wives to leave the home.They were basically prisoners in their own homes. Women managed the household slaves and even lived in a separate part of the house.

Wealthy Women: Women married to wealthy men were often confined to their homes. Their jobs were to manage the household and to bear sons for the husband. They lived in a separate area of the home from the men and even ate their meals separate from the men. They had servants who helped with raising the children, doing household chores, and running errands. Most women, even wealthy women, helped to weave cloth for the family's clothing.

Poor Women: Poor women often had more freedom than wealthy women because they couldn't afford as many slaves."

Resource: https://www.ducksters.com/history/ancient_greece/womens_roles.php

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"Although each city in Ancient Greece had its own unique features and buildings, they also had many things in common. In the later periods of Ancient Greece, new cities were planned out on a grid system with streets and houses aligned to take advantage of the winds, the sun, and the local scenery. Many Greek cities were located near the coastline of the Mediterranean Sea."

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There were many jobs for men in Ancient Greece including farmer, fisherman, soldier, teacher, government worker, and craftsman. The women, however, were generally homemakers and would raise the children and cook the meals.

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The Greeks wore light clothes as the climate was hot for most of the year. Clothes were secured with ornamental clasps or pins at the shoulder and belt, sash, or girdle at the waist. There clothing is made up of two main garments

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Food in Ancient Greece consisted of grains, wheat, barley, fruit, vegetables, breads, and cake. The Ancient Greeks grew olives, grapes, figs and wheat and kept goats, for milk and cheese. They ate lots of bread, beans and olives.

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Babies born in ancient Greece often had a difficult time surviving. Sometimes abandoned babies were rescued and brought up as slaves by another family. In some Greek cities, children were wrapped up in clothes until they were about two years old to insure straight and strong limbs.

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The ancient Greeks built altars at the entrances and in the courtyards of their houses, in marketplaces and public buildings, and in sacred groves in the countryside. There were grandiose city altars, on which fire continually burned, and temple altars, which were built in front of the temple rather than within it.

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Greek families spent a great amount of time in their courtyard, which was an outdoor space located in the center of the home and open to the sky. The courtyard was the perfect place for children to play safely. It was also an important area for women, because they were rarely allowed to leave the home by themselves.

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This is a picture of slaves working hard

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Athens alone was home to an estimated 60,000–80,000 slaves during the fifth and fourth centuries BC
Who were slaves in Greece?

Sometimes slaves in some places have to follow the property of their masters under Athenian law. They could be bought, sold, and beaten but only by their master.

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1. Helot : someone held in forced servitude; an enslaved person
12. Helot: The helots were in a sense state slaves, bound to the soil and assigned to individual Spartans to till their holdings

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The ancient Olympics were held every four years between August 6 and September 19 during a religious festival honoring Zeus. The Games were named for their location at Olympia, a sacred site located near the western coast of the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece.

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The Athenian definition of “citizens” was also different from modern-day citizens: only free men were considered citizens in Athens. Women, children, and slaves were not considered citizens and therefore could not vote.

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Solon was one of the Seven Wise Men of Greece