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John Cabot explores the Newfoundland and New Scotland coasts, reporting to England on the rich fishing grounds. This report would mark the beginning of fishing in the Grand Banks.

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1534 - Jacques Cartier makes his first expedition to Canada, trading with some of the Iroquoian people and exploring the St. Lawrence.
1535 - Cartier returns to Canada, where relations with the Iroquoian people have become strained. Despite the tensions, the Indigenous people helped the Europeans survive scurvy.
1534-1536 - Cartier abducts Haudenosaunee chief Donnacona's sons, returns them, then abducts Donnacon and seven other Indigenous people and brings them with him to France. They were never returned. This severel strains trading relationships between European explorers and the Iroquoian people.

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1605 - Pierre de Gua and Samuel de Champlain found Port Royal in New Scotland.
1608 - de Champlain travels further inland and establishes what would become Quebec City in order to trade furs.
1627 -  The Company of New France, colloquially referred to as the Compagnie des Cent-Associes (Company of One Hundred Associates) is founded by French bishop Cardinal Richelieu. It is formed with the intention of exerting a trade monopoly on New France.
1645 - Facing overwhelming debt related to numerous misfortunes and governmental interference, the Company of New France surrenders its monopoly to the Canadian Compagnie des Habitats in exchange for 1000 beaver pelts per year.
1663 - The Company of New France ceases operations.
1670 - The Hudson Bay Company is founded.

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Early 18th century - Fur becomes a luxury item in Europe, highly sought after due to a fashion craze.
1760s - Britain takes control of New France, and by extension, most of the fur trade.
1779 - The Northwest Company is founded.

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1821 - The British government demands that the HBC and the NWC form a coalition to stop the large amounts of violence being caused by the competing companies. The two companies merge, forming the largest trading empire of the time.
1826 - the fur trade declines severely due to less demand and overhunting. From 1826-1845, beaver pelt acquisition halves.
1867 - Canada is established as a sovereign state, though still with heavy British ties.
1870 - the Canadian government signs treaties with Indigenous people, allowing European settlers to expand westward. The HBC, as well as freelance traders, set up trading posts with the Inuit people.
Late 19th century - The fur trade comes to an end as demand stays at a slowly declining rate.

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Early 1900s - The Industrial Revolution creates a large industry in the extraction and processing of Canada's natural resources, including lumber and meat.
1914-1918 - World War I.
1929 - The stock market crash begins the Great Depression, an era of economic collapse in the 1930s.
1930s - Union workers exercise their right to strike and abolish child labour and demand safer working conditions.
1939-1945 - World War II leads to an economic boom for the Western world because of a dramatic increase in domestic manufacturing.
1947 - Oil is discovered in Alberta, allowing Canada to make its mark on the petroleum industry.
1950s - The post-war boom leads to Canada becoming a leader in vehicle manufacturing and chemical processing.
Mid to Late 20th century - Canada's corporations begin outsourcing for cheaper labour.
1987 - CUSFTA is signed, allowing free trade between Canada and the United States.
1994 - NAFTA is enacted, allowing free trade between Canada, Mexico, and the United States.

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2008 - CEFTA is signed, beginning free trade between Canada and the European Union.
2008 - The stock market crashes, leading to a recession and a spike in interest rates.
2018 - CPTPP is signed, a free trade agreement involving Canada, Australia, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, Brunei, and Vietnam.
2020 - CUSMA is enacted, a revised version of NAFTA intended to benefit the United States more.
2020 - The COVID-19 pandemic causes another recession and shuts down a lot of trade.
2021 - The Suez Canal is blocked for 6 days, losing $9.1 billion worth of trade.
2022 - The global economy begins to open back up again with widespread vaccination allowing for safe travel and work.

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History of Canada 1497- 1776 – Emigrare Canada
Jacques Cartier | The Canadian Encyclopedia
Port Royal of Acadia - Acadian Genealogy - Historical Acadian-Cajun Resources
Samuel de Champlain | The Canadian Encyclopedia
Company of One Hundred Associates | The Canadian Encyclopedia
Fur Trade in Canada (Plain-Language Summary) | The Canadian Encyclopedia
How Did The Fur Trade End? – ameliadanver.com
20th Century | The Canada Guide
Free trade agreements of Canada - Wikipedia

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Paul Vandervennen, Certified Specialist in Immigration Law, Barristers and Solicitors, 45 St Nicholas St, Toronto, ON, Canada.