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Basic Virtue- Wisdom
Age 65 + yrs

As people age(65+ yrs) and become senior citizens, they tend to take life slower and explore more during retirement.

It is during this time that they reflect on their accomplishments and develop integrity, if they see themselves leading a successful life.

Erik Erikson believed if we see our lives as unproductive, feel guilt about our past, or feel that we did not accomplish our life goals, we become dissatisfied with life and develop despair, often leading to depression and hopelessness.

Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of wisdom.

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Basic Virtue- Care
Age 40- 65

Generativity refers to "making your mark" on the world through creating or nurturing things that will outlast an individual.

During this stage people experience a need to create or nurture things that will outlast them, often having mentees or creating positive changes that will benefit other people.

Raising children, being productive at work, and becoming involved in community activities and organizations are ways they give back to society.

Success leads to feelings of usefulness and accomplishment, while failure results in shallow involvement in the world.

By failing to find a way to contribute, they become stagnant and feel unproductive. Resulting in a disconnection or uninvolvement with their community and society as a whole.

Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of care.

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Basic Virtue- Love
Age 18- 40

During this period, the major conflict centers on forming intimate, loving relationships with other people.
We begin to share ourselves more intimately with others and explore relationships leading toward longer-term commitments with someone other than a family member.
Avoiding intimacy, fearing commitment and relationships can lead to isolation, loneliness, and sometimes depression.

Success in this stage can result in happy relationships and a sense of commitment, safety, and care within a relationship that leads to the virtue of love.

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Basic Virtue-  Fidelity
Age 12-18

During this stage, adolescents search for a sense of self and personal identity, through an intense exploration of personal values, beliefs, and goals.
This is a major stage of development where the child has to learn the roles he will occupy as an adult. It is during this stage that the adolescent will re-examine his identity and try to find out exactly who he or she is. Erickson suggests that two identities are involved: the sexual and the occupational.
During this stage the body image of the adolescent changes. Erikson claims that the adolescent may feel uncomfortable about their body for a while until they can adapt and “grow into” the changes.

During this period, they explore possibilities and begin to form their own identity based upon the outcome of their explorations. Failure to establish a sense of identity within society ("I don’t know what I want to be when I grow up") can lead to role confusion. Role confusion involves the individual not being sure about themselves or their place in society.
In response to role confusion or identity crisis, an adolescent may begin to experiment with different lifestyles (e.g., work, education or political activities).

Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of fidelity.

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Basic Virtue- Competence
Age 5-12

During this period children are at the stage where they will be learning to read and write, to do sums, to do things on their own. Teachers begin to take an important role in the child’s life as they teach the child specific skills, the child’s peer group will gain greater significance, and will become a major source of the child’s self-esteem.

If children are encouraged and reinforced for their initiative, they begin to feel industrious (competent) and feel confident in their ability to achieve goals. If this initiative is not encouraged, if it is restricted by parents or teacher, then the child begins to feel inferior, doubting his own abilities and therefore may not reach his or her potential.

If the child cannot develop the specific skill they feel society is demanding (e.g., being athletic) then they may develop a sense of inferiority.

Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of competence.

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Basic Virtue - Purpose
Age 3-5

During this period the primary feature involves the child regularly interacting with other children at school. Play is the focus at this stage for it allows children to explore their interpersonal skills through planning activities, making up games, and initiating activities with others.
When given this opportunity children develop a sense of initiative and feel secure in their ability to lead others and make decisions, but if this tendency is stopped, either through criticism or control, children develop a sense of guilt. They may feel like a nuisance to others and will, in turn, remain followers, lacking in self-initiative.

Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of purpose.

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Basic Virtue - Will
Age 1 1/2 - 3

During this stage children begin to assert their independence, by walking away from their mother, picking the toy to play with, and making choices about what they like to wear, to eat, etc.

Its crucial that parents encourage independence in this stage for it brings about a sense of accomplishment within the child.

Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of will.

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Basic Virtue - Hope ]
Age 0 - 1 1/2

During the stage the infant is uncertain about the world that he lives in. To resolve these feelings of uncertainty, the infant looks towards their primary caregiver for stability and consistency of care.

If the care the infant receives is consistent, predictable and reliable, they'll develop a sense of trust that will carry with them to other relationships, and they'll be able to feel secure even when threatened.

By developing a sense of trust, the infant can have hope that in a crisis others will be there to support them. Failing to acquire the virtue of hope will lead to the development of fear.

Sucess in this stage brings about hope.