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The feedback from Dr. Ari was very helpful and he gave me some great suggestion on what I could do to improve my understanding of interdisciplinary approach. I was able to add examples and more descriptive words to strengthen my understanding of the approach. I also included data that proved a correlation between disciplines and also showed how some disciplines had limitations and did not overlap. I believe I was able to display a more clear understanding of the importance of using interdisciplinary approach when looking at problems because of Dr. Ari's feedback.

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How has the project challenged your bias toward the problem? My initial bias of the phenomenon was that students from low SES achieved lower literacy rates due to their environmental surroundings such as family, friends and communities where they live but also lack of effective classroom instruction and teaching strategies being used. After conducting research I realized that there were numerous factors that I had not been aware of that had an impact on the literacy rates in these students. The data that I collected from examining the issue only proved that in order to help remediate this phenomenon we must look at it from an interdisciplinary approach. For example, if we look at the phenomenon from only one perspective such sociology we would consider the students surroundings and how it relates and effects the problem. However, only looking at the issue from this one perspective and discipline will prevent us from taking into account other factors such as biology or behavioral disorders which both fall into separate disciplines. There are several other influences that I was able to identify. After conducting research and gathering data from various sources I have not only confirmed my belief that this phenomenon is due to environmental influences and also teaching strategies but also includes several other disciplines and factors that I was unaware of initially.

How has the research process influenced your perception of disciplinary perspective and expertise? The research process had allowed me to into the phenomenon from the different perspectives. I can now see how each discipline has its limitations and sometimes can overlap with the view of another discipline. The areas that produced the most data were education, sociology and economics. The education discipline focuses on using teaching strategies and materials that are culturally relevant and appropriate. Research shows that students display higher achievement rates when they are presented with material that they can relate to. In relation to education we also have research from sociology that shows an overlap in these two disciplines. In education we see that teaching relevant material is imperative to students success and experts in the field of sociology will also look into the students environmental surroundings and social interactions including the environment within the classroom and among their teachers as well as peers. This also ties into anthropology discipline, how important education is considered in a particular culture or family. However, some disciplines have limitations such as medical or biology. In medical discipline the professionals focus only on the medical factors that impact the ability or inability for students to achieve high literacy rates, for instance, a student who has ADHD or has other medical conditions that prevent them from understanding language.

How has an interdisciplinary approach enlarged your understanding of the problem as a whole? I think that the interdisciplinary approach has given me a more complex understanding of the problem. There are so many factors and areas that effect this problem. It has allowed me to look past my preconceived notions and recognize the numerous sources of my preexisting understandings and build of them to expand my knowledge of the problem. Interdisciplinary approach has challenged these notions and helped me identify insights from a range of disciplines. For instance, I had not previously considered the role that political science had in the low achievement rates in low SES students until I discovered research that showed the correlation between government funding and the impact it had on the lack of resources found in communities in which low SES students lived and attended school. As a whole this approach has helped me to develop the ability to integrate concepts and ideas from these disciplines into a broader and in-depth analysis.

How is an interdisciplinary approach applicable beyond the classroom? This approach is applicable beyond the classroom because it allows you look at a situation with a more analytical approach. This skill of looking through multiple disciplines can benefit in the workplace by acknowledging and appreciating ethical concerns and also recognizing bias.

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How has the project challenged your bias toward the problem? I came into this project believing that there were many factors that affected the low literacy achievement rates in low SES. After conducting research and gathering data from various sources I have only confirmed my belief that this phenomenon is due to environmental influences and also teaching strategies. this project

How has the research process influenced your perception of disciplinary perspective and expertise? The research process had allowed me to into the phenomenon from the different perspectives. I can now see how each discipline has its limitations and sometimes can overlap with the view of another discipline.

How has an interdisciplinary approach enlarged your understanding of the problem as a whole? I think that the interdisciplinary approach has given me a more complex understanding of the problem. There are so many factors and areas that effect this problem. It is quite overwhelming to look at all the factors that play a hand in this make it more difficult to develop one solution to fix this problem.

How is an interdisciplinary approach applicable beyond the classroom? This approach is applicable beyond the classroom because it allows you look at a situation with a more analytical approach. This skill of looking through multiple disciplines can benefit in the workplace by acknowledging and appreciating ethical concerns and also recognizing bias.

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The feedback provided by Dr. Ari was very helpful and I was able to look over my data table and focus on my key elements and how they did or did not relate to one another. I noticed that my data table was missing my methods of data collection. My data collection was done by collecting evidence from studies conducted by professionals within the various disciplines. The studies were conducted by performing qualitative observations, surveys, interviews and collecting data information from test scores. Many of the phenomena were based on cultural tools, teaching strategies, mental/behavioral disorders and the social structure of the students environments. I was able to include more information detailing these phenomena and their relation. I also included information that I collected from the play post it videos and incorporated that in the disciplines that related.

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In step 5, I was able to look deeper into the various disciplines and identify the key elements in the phenomena’s that related to low literacy achievement rates in low SES students. When first looking into the topic of low literacy rates in low SES students I initially found many sources that looked at the education aspect. However, after preliminary research I was able to add several other factors such as; sociology, political science, economics, anthropology, and biology. It appears the complete environment in which student is immersed influences their ability to become an expert in appropriate literacy levels. The key elements in the data table identify numerous disciplines that have an impact on these achievement rates in this demographic. While most of the key elements correlate there are also other phenomenon’s that are studied in one discipline but not the other. In the sociology discipline, sociologists study the development, structure, and functioning of human society and how it relates to social problems. For example, how a child’s surroundings effect their literacy rate in low SES. According to the sociology discipline a childs environment (ecological theory) effects their ability to learn and perform academically as well as in other areas and most often a difference in literacy rates reflect some combination of status factors. This theory is supported by both Bronfenbrenner as well as Neuman and Celano in the data table. In psychology, the research I found displayed evidence that behavior and mindset effected the phenomenon of low achievement rates in the literacy of low SES students. As noted in the data table and in the Behavior Learning Disorders play post it video, students who have behavior disorders are often struggle with literacy and achievement within the classroom. In the video, the BLD professional states that the students inability to maintain a “good” behavior in the classroom will often result with removing them from class. This absence of class instruction then puts them behind academically and many of them are written off as students with behavior problems and they do not get the support and guidance they need to succeed. If we look at the sociology and psychology point of view, we see that sociology focuses more on the social and environmental surroundings of students. Whereas, psychology focuses on the mental aspect of the students and how they manage their behavior and how that behavior effects their ability to learn. However, even these two disciplines have a direct correlation. According to studies, “Children with family income below 200%of the federal poverty level had a higher prevalence of ADHD compared with children who came from families with higher than 200% federal poverty level. This research shows that there is indeed a connection to social status and the mind and behaviors and learning disabilities.

Education is also a major aspect of achievement rates and professionals in this discipline strongly believe a good education is invaluable. It is understood by many to be a means of overcoming handicaps, achieving greater equality, and acquiring wealth and social status. In this discipline, the key elements are focused on teachers, teaching strategies and curriculum. Studies in education show that “Children from low-SES and language minority homes have unique linguistic strengths, but many reach school age with lower levels of English language skill than do middle-class, monolingual children.” Most recently, to help close this gap, there have been major adjustments within education to try and close the literacy achievement gaps between low SES students and their counterparts. However, it is important to note that I also found contradicting data that shows that teachers often have lower expectations for low SES students and give them less attention and fewer challenging assignments. As described in the educational psychology play post it video, the movement of education has geared towards culturally responsive pedagogy in which teachers provide a student-centered approach to teaching in which the students' unique cultural strengths are identified and nurtured to promote student achievement and a sense of well-being about the student's cultural place in the world. Professionals in this discipline believe that many low SES students struggle more academically because there is a lack of culturally relevant material that is being incorporated into the classroom. teaching culturally relevant material and promoting diversity in the classroom is imperative to ensure students feel included. The theory that education needs to be culturally inclusive connects to the discipline of anthropology. Anthropologists study human societies and cultures and their development. The need to include various cultures and promote diversity is another way branching education and anthropology to help students advance their academic skills. The discipline of biology also can have an impact on student’s literacy rates. Students with intellectual disorders will have achievement gaps due to their brains inability to process certain information or to function in different ways. While I did not find many other disciplines that related directly to this one, I did identify a survey that showed that mental illness and learning disability interventions were less likely to be seen and addressed in individuals from low socioeconomic statuses.

According to the assistant director at the site I visited, “the biggest challenge for many of the kids is their mentality. A lot of the kids, whether they want to admit it, do not believe in themselves and do not have positive role models in their lives to help guide them in the right direction. “This led me to also seek out research that supported the concept of anthropology and the mentality of some low SES students. How does they view literacy? What does it mean to them and how important is it to them to be able to read and write proficiently? As I stated in my primary research based on my personal experience. Many of these students do not believe that they are capable of being smart of achieving high scores academically but value sports and athletic ability at a much higher rate. There is also an evident issue with the lack of resources within the schools and libraries that serve these communities, statistics show that libraries in middle class areas had more resources. According to several sources from my data table, the lack of resources was a major factor in accessibility for students who fell into this demographic. How can a student learn and read in leisure time or when school is not in session if they do not have access to books, technology, or other literacy materials within their own communities? This lack of resources in libraries and other government funded establishments turns to the issue of how funds are used within certain districts and county libraries. One article discusses this issue and suggests that while libraries are funded by government there are also many nonprofit organizations and universities that donate and contribute to support community programs. Research shows that many people who reside in low income neighborhoods are less likely to contribute to programs that promote literacy due to lack of disposable income. Biology is another area that is often overlooked when looking at low literacy rate in low SES students. The studies conducted by professionals in both the educational psychology and behavioral learning disorder fields show that students who have behavior/emotional or intellectual disabilities have difficulty with literacy due to their inability to cope with stress and certain learning areas. This difficulty to manage stress, emotions and/or learning concepts can cause them to act out. This acting out often results in the student being reprimanded for their “misbehavior” and taken out of the classroom which prevents them from learning. Overall, there are several factors that result in low literacy rates in low SES students. However, if we consider the Bronfenbrenner theory we can see that every level of the ecological scale has an impact on the literacy rates of students.

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In step 5, I was able to look deeper into the veracious disciplines and phenomena to expand my research. When first looking into the topic of low literacy rates in low SES students I initially found many sources that looked at the education aspect. However, after preliminary research I was able to add several other factors such as; sociology, political science, economics, anthropology, and biology. It appears the complete environment in which student is immersed influences their ability to become an expert in appropriate literacy levels. According to the assistant director, “the biggest challenge for many of the kids is their mentality. A lot of the kids, whether they want to admit it, do not believe in themselves and do not have positive role models in their lives to help guide them in the right direction. “This led me to also seek out research that supported the concept of anthropology and the mentality of some low SES students. How does they view literacy? What does it mean to them and how important is it to them to be able to read and write proficiently? As I stated in my primary research based on my personal experience. Many of these students do not believe that they are capable of being smart of achieving high scores academically but value sports and athletic ability at a much higher rate. There is also an evident issue with the lack of resources within the schools and libraries that serve these communities, statistics show that libraries in middle class areas had more resources. According to several sources from my data table, the lack of resources was a major factor in accessibility for students who fell into this demographic. How can a student learn and read in leisure time or when school is not in session if they do not have access to books, technology, or other literacy materials within their own communities? This lack of resources in libraries and other government funded establishments turns to the issue of how funds are used within certain districts and county libraries. One article discusses this issue and suggests that while libraries are funded by government there are also many nonprofit organizations and universities that donate and contribute to support community programs. Research shows that many people who reside in low income neighborhoods are less likely to contribute to programs that promote literacy due to lack of disposable income. Biology is another area that is often overlooked when looking at low literacy rate in low SES students. The studies conducted by professionals in both the educational psychology and behavioral learning disorder fields show that students who have behavior/emotional or intellectual disabilities have difficulty with literacy due to their inability to cope with stress and certain learning areas. This difficulty to manage stress, emotions and/or learning concepts can cause them to act out. This acting out often results in the student being reprimanded for their “misbehavior” and taken out of the classroom which prevents them from learning. Overall, there are several factors that result in low literacy rates in low SES students. However, if we consider the Bronfenbrenner theory we can see that every level of the ecological scale has an impact on the literacy rates of students.

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The feedback provided by Dr. Ari was very helpful, I was able to go back to my original post and look over the phenomena and determine which disciplines I felt I had the most data on. I realized that there were several areas where I could add information. I was able to add in data and citations that I collected during my research and that were on my data table. I kept the same summary but just added references within it to further strengthen my disciplines I am glad that you advised me to look at the behavior learning disorder video and elaborate on that and connect it to the summary with addition data. I was able to add data from other sources that supported the same idea that I mentioned referencing the BLD playposit video. I believe that these adjustments will help to fulfill the criteria of all areas in this step.

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My research for literature that supported my perspective areas of discipline for these phenomena resulted in multiple sources. I was able to find literature that provided credible information and statistics for every possible discipline. However, the discipline that produced the most information was education, economics, and sociology. There were also a few sources that I will be using to strengthen my biology discipline. The education discipline proved to be the most influential and discussed the teaching strategies that can be used to close the gap between literacy rates in low SES students. According to experts in the teaching profession many students in this demographic are more than capable of developing literacy at the current grade level, however, without reading and other literacy interventions early on put them at a disadvantage. This information not only relates to education but also to accessibility issues as well. “After an extensive review of the research, it was concluded that placing more emphasis on teaching aptitudes and content knowledge of perspective teachers paid greater dividends and was more beneficial than reducing class size. It was also noted that efforts to improve schools that led to higher student achievement addressed needed changes in educators’ teaching strategies, beliefs, values, and attitudes.” We see here that the study conducted by Condren shows improvements in achievement gaps when educators change some of their approaches to the classroom and their students. Many professionals that interact with youth from low SES attest that many of the children lack positive role models, support, and self- confidence and that this leads to feeling of incompetence. As mentioned by a professor in the Behavior and Learning Disorder play posit video, children who have emotional or behavioral issues are often written off by others and this leads to the decline in their academic achievement. This factor of students “behavior” effecting the achievement gaps is further supported by Keller & Francis when they state that “students who struggle academically often experienced frustration that led to disruptive behavior in the classroom. Keller also found that gender, racial, and ethnic differences between teachers and their students impacted the achievement gap. These differences greatly increased the probability of students being perceived by their teachers as being inattentive, of not completing homework assignments, and of exhibiting disruptive behavior. Teachers’ perceptions that students seemed unmotivated or exhibited a lack of effort in the school setting has been related gaps in performance.” Several studies have indicated that students from lower SES families were perceived to be less capable than students from higher SES families and educators reported that students living in low SES homes had more difficulty learning to control their emotions and behaviors which hindered their ability to achieve at higher levels in academic settings. Moreover, Frazier reported that the academic achievement of low SES children could be negatively affected by poor adult expectations.

Home Libraries in low income neighborhoods lack the same resources that libraries do in middle income areas. For instance, In Denver, Colorado, an advocacy group for low-income communities charged that libraries in Denver ’s poorest areas are open fewer hours than those elsewhere, noting that fewer library hours contribute to learning gaps between low-income and more affluent students. These lack of resources which include enrichment programs offered at libraries puts these students that reside in these locations at a disadvantage. The resources in schools that serve majority low income students also fall behind on resources such as updated textbooks, technology and courses that expose students to STEM careers. There seems to also be an emphasis placed on athletic ability and other professions that do not relate to literacy with the low socioeconomic status. A study showed that most children that fell into this demographic valued athletic ability over academic ability. Therefore, there is reason to believe that anthropology is a valid discipline to consider for this phenomenon. The need for better teachers and teaching strategies will not solve this problem. The economic status and income seems to be a major factor as well. Research shows that majority of parents, particularly single parent households work more than 1 job. A parent that is employed at multiple jobs and various shifts spend less time with their children and therefore are most times unable to assist with school assignments. Another factor that is often overlooked is the education of the student’s parents/caregivers. For instance, according to the family and community literacy play posit video, 1 in every 6 adults read on an elementary level. Many parents are unable to assist their children with their literacy due them lacking the literacy skills themselves. Overall, we can see from the numerous sources I found that this issue is a multidisciplinary problem and will need the expertise of professionals from various disciplines.

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STEP 4:My research for literature that supported my perspective areas of discipline for these phenomena resulted in multiple sources. I was able to find literature that provided credible information and statistics for every possible discipline. However, the discipline that produced the most information was education, economics, and sociology. There were also a few sources that I will be using to strengthen my biology discipline. The education discipline proved to be the most influential and discussed the teaching strategies that can be used to close the gap between literacy rates in low SES students. According to experts in the teaching profession many students in this demographic are more than capable of developing literacy at the current grade level, however, without reading and other literacy interventions early on put them at a disadvantage. This information not only relates to education but also to accessibility issues as well. Many professionals that interact with youth from low SES attest that many of the children lack positive role models, support, and self- confidence and that this leads to feeling of incompetence. As mentioned by a professor in the Behavior and Learning Disorder play posit video, children who have emotional or behavioral issues are often written off by others and this leads to the decline in their academic achievement. The economic discipline relates to low literacy rates due to the lack of resources that are accessible to low socioeconomic students. Libraries in low income neighborhoods lack the same resources that libraries do in middle income areas. These lack of resources which include enrichment programs offered at libraries puts these students that reside in these locations at a disadvantage. The resources in schools that serve majority low income students also fall behind on resources such as updated textbooks, technology and courses that expose students to STEM careers. There seems to also be an emphasis placed on athletic ability and other professions that do not relate to literacy with the low socioeconomic status. A study showed that most children that fell into this demographic valued athletic ability over academic ability. Therefore, there is reason to believe that anthropology is a valid discipline to consider for this phenomenon. The need for better teachers and teaching strategies will not solve this problem. The economic status and income seems to be a major factor as well. Research shows that majority of parents, particularly single parent households work more than 1 job. A parent that is employed at multiple jobs and various shifts spend less time with their children and therefore are most times unable to assist with school assignments. Another factor that is often overlooked is the education of the student’s parents/caregivers. For instance, according to the family and community literacy play posit video, 1 in every 6 adults read on an elementary level. Many parents are unable to assist their children with their literacy due them lacking the literacy skills themselves. Overall, we can see from the numerous sources I found that this issue is a multidisciplinary problem and will need the expertise of professionals from various disciplines.

# data[].attributes.subject
STEP 4:My research for literature that supported my perspective areas of discipline for these phenomena resulted in multiple sources. I was able to find literature that provided credible information and statistics for every possible discipline. However, the discipline that produced the most information was education, economics, and sociology. There were also a few sources that I will be using to strengthen my biology discipline. The education discipline proved to be the most influential and discussed the teaching strategies that can be used to close the gap between literacy rates in low SES students. According to experts in the teaching profession many students in this demographic are more than capable of developing literacy at the current grade level, however, without reading and other literacy interventions early on put them at a disadvantage. This information not only relates to education but also to accessibility issues as well. Many professionals that interact with youth from low SES attest that many of the children lack positive role models, support, and self- confidence and that this leads to feeling of incompetence. As mentioned by a professor in the Behavior and Learning Disorder play posit video, children who have emotional or behavioral issues are often written off by others and this leads to the decline in their academic achievement. The economic discipline relates to low literacy rates due to the lack of resources that are accessible to low socioeconomic students. Libraries in low income neighborhoods lack the same resources that libraries do in middle income areas. These lack of resources which include enrichment programs offered at libraries puts these students that reside in these locations at a disadvantage. The resources in schools that serve majority low income students also fall behind on resources such as updated textbooks, technology and courses that expose students to STEM careers. There seems to also be an emphasis placed on athletic ability and other professions that do not relate to literacy with the low socioeconomic status. A study showed that most children that fell into this demographic valued athletic ability over academic ability. Therefore, there is reason to believe that anthropology is a valid discipline to consider for this phenomenon. The need for better teachers and teaching strategies will not solve this problem. The economic status and income seems to be a major factor as well. Research shows that majority of parents, particularly single parent households work more than 1 job. A parent that is employed at multiple jobs and various shifts spend less time with their children and therefore are most times unable to assist with school assignments. Another factor that is often overlooked is the education of the student’s parents/caregivers. For instance, according to the family and community literacy play posit video, 1 in every 6 adults read on an elementary level. Many parents are unable to assist their children with their literacy due them lacking the literacy skills themselves. Overall, we can see from the numerous sources I found that this issue is a multidisciplinary problem and will need the expertise of professionals from various disciplines.

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The feedback provided from Dr. Ari was very helpful. As a result, I was able to strengthen my step by adding citations that supported the phenomenon that I felt was the most influential with low SES students. I was able to ample information on how economics(public policy, lack of government funding ) effects the areas that serve low income students. The study of multidisciplinary studies thus far has made me realize the complexity of many issues we face today. Initially I thought that issues such as ;homelessness or poverty stricken areas were a result of people just not having sufficient income or laziness but if really look at these issues we see that there is so many factors that effect it. The study of multidisciplinary shows us that the majority of problems does not have just factor. There are several ways and methods to look at things and also there needs to be people from various disciplines who have expertise in different areas in order to help remediate the problem, if not it will result in a one sided solution and will eventually lead to the same problem again. Therefore, multidisciplinary studies is needed in order to reach solutions based on a new understanding of complex situations.

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The problem of low literacy achievement rates in students from low socio-economic statuses is an issue that is negatively effecting communities. I have identified that this issue has two phenomena; literacy achievement and low SES. After conducting preliminary research and consulting professionals who have experience working with students from this demographic I was able to come up with several disciplines that I feel are relevant to these phenomena. My site visit to the Boys and Girls Club of Metro Atlanta gave me an insight on some of the factors that effect achievement rates in the students and the community. Many of the students that are served at this site come from underprivileged and low-income families, their main mission is to provide a safe and positive learning environment for youth by providing support and services that cater to their needs. According to the assistant director, “the biggest challenge for many of the kids is their mentality. A lot of the kids, whether they want to admit it, do not believe in themselves and do not have positive role models in their lives to help guide them in the right direction.” The program provides mentors for the students to build healthy and positive images that the children can emulate. This draws mw to the conclusion that sociology and anthropology play a part in these phenomena. The sociology disciplines relate to the children coming from certain socioeconomic statuses and the mentality of the students. One of the reasons that achievement rates are significant is because the inability to met “standards” and be at the same level as other students within their grade level can often lead to self- doubt and a reluctancy to learn. This self doubt and reluctancy to learn can also be considered apart of anthropology. Many cultures and individuals from low socioeconomic statuses have a different stance on the importance of literacy and how it affects them. For example, working in an urban middle school I interact with many students who are from under privileged families. Many of these students do not believe that they are capable of being smart of achieving high scores academically but value sports and athletic ability at a much higher rate. There is also an evident issue with the lack of resources within the schools and libraries that serve these communities, statistics show that libraries in middle class areas had more resources (books, programs, and technology) than the libraries that served low income areas. These differentiation between libraries due to their location is an issue that focuses on the discipline of economics. Economics focuses on the government and policy area of these phenomena by studying how government funding is negatively affecting these students by not providing equal resources to everyone. Lastly, medicine and biology disciplines factor in the students that have medical disorders that physically prevents or intellectually prevents them from learning such as; dyslexia. Whereas, educational psychology deals with the behavior emotional disorders that some students experience. This is also another area of discipline that often gets over looked due to the lack of knowledge or the resources on behavior disorders that are provided within these communities.

The potential phenomenon that produced the most data from previous research is economics due to the lack of resources found in schools and libraries who serve areas with high poverty students. The American Psychological Association, reports that the education that poor, urban students in public schools receive is demonstrably insufficient to make them competitive with their more advantaged, middle and upper income peers. Most teachers in high-poverty schools often report having to work with outdated textbooks in short supply; outdated computers and other kinds of technology; and inadequate or nonexistent science equipment, materials and labs. As well, the amount and variety of college-preparatory or advanced placement offerings lag significantly behind schools serving more advantaged populations. This lack of resources has continued to put low socioeconomic students at a disadvantage, without changes to public policy and a revision of government funding it will continue to be a major issue to these communities. There have been numerous studies that have made it evident that access to resources can improve students test scores and grades. For instance, a reform initiative that provided laptops and wireless access in an urban high school (Project Hiller) increased standardized test scores, student motivation and technological literacy for adolescents in grades 8 and 9 (Light, McDermott, & Honey, 2002). Overall we can clearly see that this issue requires the expertise of multiple disciplines to help break this cycle and achieve higher literacy rates in low socioeconomic statuses.

Light, D., McDermott, M., & Honey, M. (2002). The impact of ubiquitous portable technology on an urban school: Project Hiller. New York: Education Development Center/Center for Children & Technology.

“Education and Urban Schools.” Monitor on Psychology, American Psychological Association, www.apa.org/pi/ses/resources/indicator/2013/05/urban-schools.aspx.

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STEP 3:DRAFTThe problem of low literacy achievement rates in students from low socio-economic statuses is an issue that is negatively effecting communities. I have identified that this issue has two phenomena; literacy achievement and low SES. After conducting preliminary research and consulting professionals who have experience working with students from this demographic I was able to come up with several disciplines that I feel are relevant to these phenomena. My site visit to the Boys and Girls Club of Metro Atlanta gave me an insight on some of the factors that effect achievement rates in the students and the community. Many of the students that are served at this site come from underprivileged and low-income families, their main mission is to provide a safe and positive learning environment for youth by providing support and services that cater to their needs. The According to the assistant director, the biggest challenge for many of the kids is their mentality. A lot of the kids, whether they want to admit it, do not believe in themselves and do not have positive role models in their lives to help guide them in the right direction. The program provides mentors for the students to build healthy and positive images that the children can emulate. This draws mw to the conclusion that sociology and anthropology play a part in these phenomena. The sociology disciplines relate to the children coming from certain socioeconomic statuses and the mentality of the students. One of the reasons that achievement rates are significant is because the inability to met “standards” and be at the same level as other students within their grade level can often lead to self- doubt and a reluctancy to learn. This self doubt and reluctancy to learn can also be considered apart of anthropology. Many cultures and individuals from low socioeconomic statuses have a different stance on the importance of literacy and how it affects them. For example, working in an urban middle school I interact with many students who are from under privileged families. Many of these students do not believe that they are capable of being smart of achieving high scores academically but value sports and athletic ability at a much higher rate. There is also an evident issue with the lack of resources within the schools and libraries that serve these communities, statistics show that libraries in middle class areas had more resources (books, programs, and technology) than the libraries that served low income areas. These differentiation between libraries due to their location is an issue that focuses on the discipline of economics. Economics focuses on the government and policy area of these phenomena by studying how government funding is negatively affecting these students by not providing equal resources to everyone. Lastly, medicine and biology disciplines factor in the students that have medical disorders that physically prevents or intellectually prevents them from learning such as; dyslexia. Whereas, educational psychology deals with the behavior emotional disorders that some students experience. This is also another area of discipline that often gets over looked due to the lack of knowledge or the resources on behavior disorders that are provided within these communities. Overall, we can clearly see that this issue requires the expertise of multiple disciplines to help break this cycle and achieve higher literacy rates in low socioeconomic statuses

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STEP 3:DRAFTThe problem of low literacy achievement rates in students from low socio-economic statuses is an issue that is negatively effecting communities. I have identified that this issue has two phenomena; literacy achievement and low SES. After conducting preliminary research and consulting professionals who have experience working with students from this demographic I was able to come up with several disciplines that I feel are relevant to these phenomena. My site visit to the Boys and Girls Club of Metro Atlanta gave me an insight on some of the factors that effect achievement rates in the students and the community. Many of the students that are served at this site come from underprivileged and low-income families, their main mission is to provide a safe and positive learning environment for youth by providing support and services that cater to their needs. The According to the assistant director, the biggest challenge for many of the kids is their mentality. A lot of the kids, whether they want to admit it, do not believe in themselves and do not have positive role models in their lives to help guide them in the right direction. The program provides mentors for the students to build healthy and positive images that the children can emulate. This draws mw to the conclusion that sociology and anthropology play a part in these phenomena. The sociology disciplines relate to the children coming from certain socioeconomic statuses and the mentality of the students. One of the reasons that achievement rates are significant is because the inability to met “standards” and be at the same level as other students within their grade level can often lead to self- doubt and a reluctancy to learn. This self doubt and reluctancy to learn can also be considered apart of anthropology. Many cultures and individuals from low socioeconomic statuses have a different stance on the importance of literacy and how it affects them. For example, working in an urban middle school I interact with many students who are from under privileged families. Many of these students do not believe that they are capable of being smart of achieving high scores academically but value sports and athletic ability at a much higher rate. There is also an evident issue with the lack of resources within the schools and libraries that serve these communities, statistics show that libraries in middle class areas had more resources (books, programs, and technology) than the libraries that served low income areas. These differentiation between libraries due to their location is an issue that focuses on the discipline of economics. Economics focuses on the government and policy area of these phenomena by studying how government funding is negatively affecting these students by not providing equal resources to everyone. Lastly, medicine and biology disciplines factor in the students that have medical disorders that physically prevents or intellectually prevents them from learning such as; dyslexia. Whereas, educational psychology deals with the behavior emotional disorders that some students experience. This is also another area of discipline that often gets over looked due to the lack of knowledge or the resources on behavior disorders that are provided within these communities. Overall, we can clearly see that this issue requires the expertise of multiple disciplines to help break this cycle and achieve higher literacy rates in low socioeconomic statuses

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I appreciate the feedback Dr. Ari, I was able to go back to my original post and look over my wording and language that was being used. I have adjusted the introduction by adding some research that I was able to find one the lack of access to reading material in low SES neighborhoods. Also, I looked at the link that you provided by Neuman & Celano and was able to get some valuable information from there as well. I have rearranged the step 2 in a way that I think will be a more fluid and informative read. I am glad that you advised me to look at the behavior learning disorder video because I was able to add the need for that discipline into my step 2. I believe that with these adjustments that the reader will be able to see why there is a need for multiple disciplines to help remediate this problem.

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Step 2 Revision Research shows that middle-income children having a large variety of resources to choose from, while low-income children having to rely on public institutions which provide unequal resources across communities. Such differences in access to print resources may have important implications for children's early literacy development. While that identify a lack of resources to influence the literacy skills within the communities of disadvantaged students research shows that there. Although, we cannot discredit the fact that insufficient resources are an issue that hinders students from being exposed to materials that can advance their literacy skills,to say that this is the only problem present would mean that if we provided books and reading specialist to every child that falls into this demographic then this issue would instantly be solved. As discussed, in step 1, research shows that not only does lack of resources negatively affect these children but are several other factors that correlate with low literacy rates. According to Neuman & Celano, differences in literacy rate often reflect some combination of status factors such as; low income households, single parents and poorly educated mothers essentially add up to large estimates of risk for school failure. Additionally, we must consider the possibility of children that have behavior disorders and the role this plays into their ability to learn. In the Behavioral Learning Disorder play posit video, many children who have emotional behavioral disorders fall behind academically due to them not participating in classroom instruction due to constantly being sent out of the class for disruptive behavior. Once again, we notice that there are various disciplines and areas that play a part in this issue. Experts in the field of Behavioral Learning Disorders attest that many of these children that have behavior disorders are frequently written off and put down by the adults in their lives and often do not have a very stable home life or guidance. This only further proves the need for multidisciplinary studies to help remediate this problem. The ecological theory, introduced by Bronfenbrenner gives us an insight on how the overall surroundings of a child; community, academics, family, etc.) effect the child’s development and can hinder them from learning. According to Bronfenbrenner, the inherent qualities of a child and their environment interact to influence how he will grow and develop and stresses the importance of studying a child in the context of multiple environments to understand their development. Overall, we see that there are several disciplines that are involved and correlate to the low literacy rates of students from low socioeconomic levels. There is no single discipline that can evaluate and generate a complete in depth understanding of the issue of low literacy within this demographic without integrating the expertise and ideas from multiple disciplines.Susan B. Neuman; Donna Celano Reading Research Quarterly, Vol. 36, No. 1. (Jan. - Feb. - Mar., 2001), pp. 8-26. 

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Step 2 Revision Research shows that middle-income children having a large variety of resources to choose from, while low-income children having to rely on public institutions which provide unequal resources across communities. Such differences in access to print resources may have important implications for children's early literacy development. While that identify a lack of resources to influence the literacy skills within the communities of disadvantaged students research shows that there. Although, we cannot discredit the fact that insufficient resources are an issue that hinders students from being exposed to materials that can advance their literacy skills,to say that this is the only problem present would mean that if we provided books and reading specialist to every child that falls into this demographic then this issue would instantly be solved. As discussed, in step 1, research shows that not only does lack of resources negatively affect these children but are several other factors that correlate with low literacy rates. According to Neuman & Celano, differences in literacy rate often reflect some combination of status factors such as; low income households, single parents and poorly educated mothers essentially add up to large estimates of risk for school failure. Additionally, we must consider the possibility of children that have behavior disorders and the role this plays into their ability to learn. In the Behavioral Learning Disorder play posit video, many children who have emotional behavioral disorders fall behind academically due to them not participating in classroom instruction due to constantly being sent out of the class for disruptive behavior. Once again, we notice that there are various disciplines and areas that play a part in this issue. Experts in the field of Behavioral Learning Disorders attest that many of these children that have behavior disorders are frequently written off and put down by the adults in their lives and often do not have a very stable home life or guidance. This only further proves the need for multidisciplinary studies to help remediate this problem. The ecological theory, introduced by Bronfenbrenner gives us an insight on how the overall surroundings of a child; community, academics, family, etc.) effect the child’s development and can hinder them from learning. According to Bronfenbrenner, the inherent qualities of a child and their environment interact to influence how he will grow and develop and stresses the importance of studying a child in the context of multiple environments to understand their development. Overall, we see that there are several disciplines that are involved and correlate to the low literacy rates of students from low socioeconomic levels. There is no single discipline that can evaluate and generate a complete in depth understanding of the issue of low literacy within this demographic without integrating the expertise and ideas from multiple disciplines.Susan B. Neuman; Donna Celano Reading Research Quarterly, Vol. 36, No. 1. (Jan. - Feb. - Mar., 2001), pp. 8-26. 

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The issue of low literacy rates of low socioeconomic students is much more complex than many people realize. While many may assume that low literacy is due to the lack of resources within the communities of disadvantaged students research shows that there are several factors that correlate with low literacy rates. However, making this assumption would mean that if we provided books and reading specialist to every child that falls into this demographic then this issue would instantly be solved. As discussed, I step 1, research shows that not only is lack of resources negatively affect these children but also their family background, their community, and their mental state as well. According to the Behavioral Learning Disorder playposit video, many children who have emotional behavioral disorders fall behind academically due to them not participating in classroom instruction due to constantly being sent out of the class for disruptive behavior. Once again, we notice that there are various disciplines and areas that play a part in this issue. The presenter in the behavioral learning disability video, Kathleen Kimball, also points out that many of these children that have behavior disorders are frequently written off and put down by the adults in their lives and often do not have a very stable home life or guidance. This only further proves the need for multidisciplinary studies to help remediate this problem. The ecological theory, introduced by Bronfenbrenner gives us an insight on how the overall surroundings of a child; community, academics, family, etc.) effect the child’s development and can hinder them from learning. According to Bronfenbrenner, the inherent qualities of a child and their environment interact to influence how he will grow and develop and stresses the importance of studying a child in the context of multiple environments to understand their development. Overall, we see that there are several disciplines that are involved and correlate to the low literacy rates of students from low socioeconomic levels. There is no single discipline that can evaluate and generate a complete in depth understanding of the issue of low literacy within this demographic without integrating the expertise and ideas from multiple disciplines.

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The issue of low literacy rates of low socioeconomic students is much more complex than many people realize. While many may assume that low literacy is due to the lack of resources within the communities of disadvantaged students research shows that there are several factors that correlate with low literacy rates. However, making this assumption would mean that if we provided books and reading specialist to every child that falls into this demographic then this issue would instantly be solved. As discussed, I step 1, research shows that not only is lack of resources negatively affect these children but also their family background, their community, and their mental state as well. According to the Behavioral Learning Disorder playposit video, many children who have emotional behavioral disorders fall behind academically due to them not participating in classroom instruction due to constantly being sent out of the class for disruptive behavior. Once again, we notice that there are various disciplines and areas that play a part in this issue. The presenter in the behavioral learning disability video, Kathleen Kimball, also points out that many of these children that have behavior disorders are frequently written off and put down by the adults in their lives and often do not have a very stable home life or guidance. This only further proves the need for multidisciplinary studies to help remediate this problem. The ecological theory, introduced by Bronfenbrenner gives us an insight on how the overall surroundings of a child; community, academics, family, etc.) effect the child’s development and can hinder them from learning. According to Bronfenbrenner, the inherent qualities of a child and their environment interact to influence how he will grow and develop and stresses the importance of studying a child in the context of multiple environments to understand their development. Overall, we see that there are several disciplines that are involved and correlate to the low literacy rates of students from low socioeconomic levels. There is no single discipline that can evaluate and generate a complete in depth understanding of the issue of low literacy within this demographic without integrating the expertise and ideas from multiple disciplines.

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STEP 1:Define the problem or states the research question

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STEP 1:Define the problem or states the research question

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STEP 1: Reflection I found the feedback from Dr. Ari to be extremely helpful. I was able to take his suggestions and add data and statistics that helped strengthen my argument. Initially, my topic was on achievement gaps between socioeconomic statuses, however, after Dr. Aris feedback I was able to narrow my topic down to a more specific area. I am now doing my topic on why there is such a significant gap between literacy rates in lower seriocomic or disadvantaged students. This topic will allow me to go more in depth on what factors are preventing low socioeconomic students from achieving literacy proficiency rates more frequently. I believe I am also beginning to understand the concept of interdisciplinarity and how it correlates to the assignment. For example, the issue of literacy gap achievement is very broad but if we are looking into factors such as; lack of resources, instruction limitations, environmental influences, and ecological effects this can be studied from various perspectives. For instance, a sociologist might view this issue differently than a psychologist would. A sociologist might see the issue of low literacy rates in low income students to be influenced more by the individual’s ecological environment and another professional such as a reading specialist may have a different point of view, perhaps from their expertise they believe that low income students are at a disadvantage due to lack of resources and funding within inner city schools. The concept of interdisciplinarity means that there is two or more separate disciplines or branches of learning and in this case if we look at the example given there is the educator that represents the language and literacy discipline and the sociologist whom represents the social science discipline.

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Step 1:RevisionTOPIC: Socioeconomic Status effects on Literacy Achievement

What are the causes of low literacy achievement rates in students from low socio-economic statuses?

In this study I will look into the various factors and limitations that have an effect on this data and how the socioeconomic status correlates with reading scores. The focus of this study will be on the factors that effect the literacy rates in children from low socioeconomic statuses. Research shows that individuals from low income backgrounds, particularly poor minorities have lower reading scores and results from a recent study conducted by the national association for the education of younger children showed that as early as age 3, there is a 30-million-word gap between children from the wealthiest and poorest families. According to reading specialist and author of “The Reading Crisis: Why Poor children Fall Behind”, Jeanne Chall, surveys and research on children's reading and vocabulary development consistently found that literacy was correlated with the professional, educational, and economic status of the children's parents and that children from low-income families did generally less well than those from middle-class families.” (2) This gap in literacy rates is only widened the older the individual and by the 4th grade 47 percent of fourth graders from low-income            families read below the basic level.  The issue of low literacy rates by socioeconomic level is furthered confirmed by the data collected from the National Report Card. The results showed that when comparing reading between 4th graders who were eligible for national school lunch program and those students who were ineligible due to their household making above the above the income level there was a significant gap in achievement. The students who were eligible for free or reduced lunch scored an average score of 201, which is below the basic reading level and students who were ineligible for free or reduced lunch scored an average of 249, which is slightly above the proficiency standard for this grade level. While the issue of illiteracy is not a new problem and is a topic that has been studied for decades there is still a need to analyze the factors that affect these disadvantaged students and what we can do to remediate the problem. If you investigate the topic of the effects of socioeconomic status and how it correlates to low literacy rates there has been a significant amount of research and studies conducted by various disciplines such as; social sciences, education, law and even history and has been argued from various perspectives. While some may argue that the cause of lower reading levels for individuals from lower socioeconomic levels may be due to lack of resources, others may argue that there are resources available even to those that do not come from families or environments that are high in socioeconomic levels. This leads to the argument of whether the lack of reading skills is caused by other factors such as will power, the desire to want to learn or the influence by the individual’s ecological environment.

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Literacy Gaps between  Socioeconomic  statuses..
Research question: What factors effect the literacy achievement gaps between the various socioeconomic levels?
Research shows that individuals from low socioeconomic, particularly poor minorities have lower reading scores. This gap is widened the older the age of the individual. This question leads to a deeper look into the factors that may cause these gaps in achievement. The issue of illiteracy is not a problem that is new and have not been unheard of, however, this issue has been argued from various perspectives. While some may argue that the cause of lower reading levels for individuals from lower socioeconomic level may be due to lack of resources, others may argue that there are resources available even to those that do not come from families or environments that are high in socioeconomic levels. This leads to the argument of whether the inability to read or the lack of reading skills is caused by other factors such as will power, the desire to want to learn or the influence by the individuals environmental levels based on Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory.

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According to this theory,
He emphasized a balance between nature and nurture, otherwise known as heredity and environment. To illustrate his theory, the child is placed in the middle of concentric circles surrounded by a variety of different factors which all influence the child.
This theory means that the world in which the child grows as having a major influence on development. He describes this as a two-way influence. The personality and behavior of the child will influence the way people in the environment will interact with that child. He also believes that the interactions between environmental factors could affect the child’s development. For instance, it is not just the influence of the parents on the child or the school but also the child , school , community and how they all work together collaboratively that influence and effect the development.