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1. Location
2.Place
3.Region
4.Movement
5.Human Environmental Interaction

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Geographers use technology to study the earth.

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Place- Describes the human and physical characteristic of a location.

Region-divides the world into manageable units for geographic study.

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Absolute location-A location exact position on earth using longitude or latitude.

Relative location- describe where a location is in relation to other places.

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Latitude can range up to 90 degrees
Longitude-the angular distance of a place.

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In order to measure accurately the position of any place on the surface of the earth, a grid system has been set up.

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1Air
2.Water
3.Land
4.Life

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Rotation-It takes Earth 24 hours, or 1 day, to make a complete rotation on its axis.
Revolution- Around the sun.

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Weather-is what conditions of the atmosphere are over a short period of time
Climate-is how the atmosphere "behaves" over relatively long periods of time.

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La nina-is sometimes referred to as the cold phase of ENSO.
El nino-as the warm phase of ENSO.

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Direct rays are warmer than areas that are hit by indirect rays.

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the action or fact of elevating or being elevated.

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a large naturally occurring community of flora and fauna occupying a major habitat, e.g., forest or tundra.

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Divergent- boundary occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other
Convergent -provides a wide range of customer contact management services which help to lower cost

Transform-make a thorough or dramatic change in the form, appearance, or character of.

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Weathering-is the breaking down of the rocks, soil, and minerals as well as artificial materials through contact with the Earth's Atmosphere, biota and waters.

Erosion- is the process of eroding or being eroding wind, water, or other

Deposition-the action of deposing someone, especially a monarch.

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It has 452 volcanoes (more than 75% of the world's active and dormant volcanoes). The Ring of Fire is sometimes called the circum-Pacific belt.

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the lithosphere of the earth is divided into a small number of plates which float on and travel independently over the mantle and much of the earth's seismic activity occurs at the boundaries of these plates.

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a crack in the Earth's crust

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the sideways and downward movement of the edge of a plate of the earth's crust into the mantle beneath another plate.

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nonrenewable resource is a resource of economic value that cannot be readily replaced by natural means

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adaptation is when a change or the process of change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment and modification is a change made.

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avoidance of the depletion of natural resources in order to maintain an ecological balance.

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naturally occurring physical phenomena caused either by rapid or slow onset events

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A seismograpgh is any instrument that measures motions of the ground, including those of seismic waves generated by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and other seismic sources. While, the Ritcher scale is a scale, ranging from 1 to 10, for indicating the intensity of an earthquake.

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the spreading out of culture, culture traits, or a cultural pattern from a central point.

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Monarchy

Constitutional Government. ...

democracy .

Dictatorship.

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is any place where certain related changes in land-use appeared due to human domestication of plants and animals.

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1.Gestures
2.Language.

3. values
4.Norms
5. Sanctions
6. Folkways.

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Develop vs. Developing vs Newly Industrialize 

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Develop vs. Developing vs Newly Industrialize 

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A newly industrialize country is a term used by political scientists.

Developing ranks it somewhere between the developing and First World classifications.

Develop-grow or cause to grow and become more mature, advanced, or elaborate.

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push-factors that help migrates decide to leave their homes.

pull-factors that attack people to and area where migrants are going.

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statistical data relating to the population and particular groups within it.

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A population pyramid, also called an "age-sex pyramid", is a graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population.

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he number of people living in each unit of area.

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the degree of wealth and material comfort available to a person or community.

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Cottage industry-a business or manufacturing activity carried on in a person's home.

Commercial industry-are usually factory-based and employ many workers. Each worker typically participates in one small step of the manufacturing process, rather than making an entire product from start to finish.

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Raw Materials (Primary Sector)

Manufacturing and Industry (Secondary Sector)

Service Sector (Tertiary sector)

Knowledge Sector (Quarternary Sector)

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Emigration-the act of leaving one's own country to settle permanently in another; moving abroad.

Immigration-the action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country.

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a policy of favoring native inhabitants as opposed to immigrants.

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Urban- areas refers to areas of high population that is both for living and working purposes.
Rural-areas are the least populated areas.

Suburban- areas have a larger population than rural areas

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a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster.

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an official count or survey of a population, typically recording various details of individuals.

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an area of land where vegetation has been lost and soil reduced to dust and eroded, especially as a consequence of drought or unsuitable farming practice.

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The failure mechanism for the Industrial Canal (east side south and west side) was overtopping of levees and floodwalls by the storm surge. The primary mechanism of failure for leveesprotecting eastern New Orleans was the existence of sand in 10% of places instead of thick Louisiana clay.

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a house, especially a farmhouse, and outbuildings.

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The immigrants at Ellis island were treated more equally than those at Angel island Immigrants at Angel Island were not treated fairly. They were detained for long periods of time in filthy living conditions.

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A train route across the United States, finished in 1869. It was the project of two railroad companies: the Union Pacific built from the east, and the Central Pacific built from the west. The two lines met in Utah.

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A famine in Ireland in the nineteenth century caused by the failure of successive Potato crops in the 1840s. Many in Ireland starved, and many emigrated. More than a million Irish came to the United States during the famine.

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Rust Belt-parts of the northeastern and midwestern US that are characterized by declining industry, aging factories, and a falling population. Steel-producing cities in Pennsylvania and Ohio are at its center.

Sun Belt-a strip of territory receiving a high amount of sunshine, especially:

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an official pardon for people who have been convicted of political offenses.

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a very large, heavily populated city or urban complex.

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Recipe of the Day. Semlor (Semla) ...

Bread Pudding with Praline Sauce. 117. ...

WATCH. Mardi Gras King Cake.

Colored Sugar. 139.

Pralines II. Try this delicious candy made with sour cream and pecans

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a person of mixed European and black descent, especially in the Caribbean.

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A cattle drive is the process of moving a herd of cattle from one place to another, usually moved and herded by cowboys on horses.

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a part of a region that produces cereals for the rest of it.

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relating to manual work or workers, particularly in industry.

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A bilateral trade is the exchange of goods between two nations promoting trade and investment. The two countries will reduce or eliminate tariffs, import quotas, export restraints, and other trade barriers to encourage trade and investment.

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connected with the sea, especially in relation to seafaring commercial or military activity

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The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is an agreement among the United States, Canada and Mexico designed to remove tariff barriers between the three countries.

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The Homboldt Current, also called the Peru Current, is a cold, low-salinity ocean current that flows north along the western coast of South America. It is an eastern boundary current flowing in the direction of the equator, and extends 500–1,000 km (310–620 mi) offshore.

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almost or entirely surrounded by land; having no coastline or seaport.

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A state that posses a roughly circular shape from which the geometric center is relatively equal in all directions. Fragmented state. A state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory. elongated state . A state whose territory is long and narrow in shape.

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vertical climate refers to the pattern of weather in a region whose growth patterns are primarily affected by elevation. In vertical climate zones, the climate becomes colder as the elevation increases.

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Quechua-a member of an American Indian people of Peru and parts of Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, and Ecuador.

Nahuatl-a member of a group of peoples native to southern Mexico and Central America, including the Aztecs.

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Aztec-a member of the American Indian people dominant in Mexico before the Spanish conquest of the 16th century.
Incas-a South American hummingbird having mainly blackish or bronze-colored plumage with one or two white breast patches.
Mayan-a large family of American Indian languages spoken in Central America and Mexico, of which the chief members are Maya and Quiché.
Arawak-a member of a people originally of the Greater Antilles and adjacent South America, now living mainly in Guiana. They were forced out of the Antilles by the more warlike Caribs shortly before Spanish expansion in the Caribbean.

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Mestizo -a man of mixed race, especially the offspring of a Spaniard and an American Indian.
Mulatto-a person of mixed white and black ancestry, especially a person with one white and one black parent.

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Haciendas-a large estate or plantation with a dwelling house.
Plantation-an estate on which crops such as coffee, sugar, and tobacco are cultivated by resident labor.

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a factory in Mexico run by a foreign company and exporting its products to the country of that company.

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1. the statutory division of agricultural land and its reallocation to landless people

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PRI-he Primary Rate Interface (PRI) is a telecommunications interface standard used on an Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) for carrying multiple DS0 voice and data transmissions between the network and a user. PRI is the standard for providing telecommunication services to enterprises and offices.
PAN-a container made of metal and used for cooking food in.

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tenochtitlan was the capital city of the Aztec Empire from the middle of the 1300s to the early 1500s. Mexico City was built upon some of the ruins of Tenochtitlan. In this lesson, you'll learn about this historic city, and then you can test your knowledge with a quiz.

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Right Wing-the conservative or reactionary section of a political party or system.
Left wing-the liberal, socialist, or radical section of a political party or system.

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An ancient Inca fortress city in the Andes northwest of Cuzco, Peru. Its extensive ruins and elaborate terraces became famous after an American explorer published a description of them in 1911.

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a cowboy of the South American pampas.

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a ballroom dance originating in Buenos Aires, characterized by marked rhythms and postures and abrupt pauses.

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Treaty of Tordesillas , agreement between Spain and Portugal aimed at settling conflicts over lands newly discovered or explored by Christopher Columbus and other late 15th-century voyagers.

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Favela, also spelled favella, in Brazil, a slum or shantytown located within or on the outskirts of the country's large cities, especially Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. A favela typically comes into being when squatters occupy vacant land at the edge of a city and construct shanties of salvaged or stolen materials.

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the Carnival in Rio de Janeiro is a festival held every year before Lent and considered the biggest carnival in the world with two million people per day on the streets. The first festivals of Rio date back to 1723. It is celebrated in honour of the gods and to respect the great waters.

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a system of physical discipline and movement originating among Brazilian slaves, treated as a martial art and dance form.

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a Brazilian dance of African origin.

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Mixed ancestry of american Indian and European who speak Spanish, denied basic political, economics and social rights due to their mixed heritage. Lowest social class, they had no rights. And were often treated poorly and used as a labor source by the plantaions owning creoles.

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Caudillo-a military or political leader.
La Junta-La Junta is the city that is the county seat and the most populous municipality of Otero County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 7,077 at the 2010 United States Census. La Junta is located on the Arkansas River in southeastern Colorado 68 miles east of Pueblo.

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Petróleos Mexicanos, which translates to Mexican Petroleum, but is trademarked and better known as Pemex, is the Mexican state-owned petroleum company, created in 1938 by nationalization or expropriation of all private, foreign, and domestic oil companies at that time.

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FARC-The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia—People's Army was a guerrilla movement involved in the continuing Colombian armed conflict from 1964 to 2017.
Paramilitary-organized similarly to a military force

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a dark-colored relatively strong cigar.

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a member of a small independent group taking part in irregular fighting, typically against larger regular forces.

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Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz was a Cuban communist revolutionary and politician who governed the Republic of Cuba as Prime Minister from 1959 to 1976 and then as President from 1976 to 2008.

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relating to or denoting a method of agriculture in which existing vegetation is cut down and burned off before new seeds are sown, typically used as a method for clearing forest land for farming.

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Sandinista-is a democratic socialist political party in Nicaragua. Its members are called Sandinista in both English and Spanish.
Contras- a member of a guerrilla force in Nicaragua that opposed the left-wing Sandinista government 1979–90, and was supported by the US for much of that time. It was officially disbanded in 1990, after the Sandinistas' electoral defeat.

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the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.

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Income inequality in the United States has increased significantly since the 1970s after several decades of stability, meaning the share of the nation's income received by higher income households has increased.

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The Gulf Stream is the most important ocean-current system in the northern hemisphere, which stretches from Florida to north- western Europe.Without the warm North Atlantic Drift, the UK and other places in Europe would be as cold as Canada, at the same latitude.

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a long, narrow, deep inlet of the sea between high cliffs, as in Norway and Iceland, typically formed by submergence of a glaciated valley.

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A Polder  is a low-lying tract of land enclosed by dikes that form an artificial hydrological entity, meaning it has no connection with outside water other than through manually operated devices. ... Flood plains separated from the sea or river by a dike.

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1-the Church of the East
2-Oriental Orthodoxy
3-Eastern Orthodoxy

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The legacy of Ancient Rome is still felt today in western culture in areas such as government, law, language, architecture, engineering, and religion.

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The Ancient Greeks may have lived over 2000 years ago, but they left a lasting legacy that still affects Western culture and way of life. During the height of the Greek civilization, Greek culture spread throughout the Mediterranean. It was then imitated by the Ancient Romans.

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1.  Hindi

2.  Arabic

3. Portuguese

4.  Bengali

5. Russian

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The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.

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The Agriculture Revolution was a period of technological improvement and increased crop productivity that occurred during the 18th and early 19th centuries in Europe.

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Iron Curtain-the notional barrier separating the former Soviet bloc and the West prior to the decline of communism that followed the political events in eastern Europe in 1989.
Winston Churchill-  British statesman and leader during World War II; received Nobel prize for literature in 1953.