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neutralty acts were

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president Woodrow Wilson, and president Franklin Roosevelt were both on the neutrality acts

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Germany had been a thriving country. They had a stable government and economy and the citizens were satisfied. Then they fought in World War I and lost. This caused the economy and the government to decline. World War I started when the archduke of Austria-Hungary, Franz Ferdinand, was assassinated. Gavrilo Princip assassinated him and he had ties to the secretive military group known as the Black Hand. This assassination had cause all of the major European military powers go to war, which included Germany. Germany became involved in the war when they signed a secret treaty with the Ottoman Empire to become allies. Then shortly after the signing of the treaty Germany declares war on France. Germany loses World War I because the French army was able to escape their trap and overpower them. Losing World War I caused many problems for Germany such as the economy declining. The declining economy in Germany was the direct result of the signing of Treaty of Versailles after World War I and the crash of the United States stock market. The declining government and economy was the direct result of the rise of Nazism and the Third Reich.

The signing of the Treaty of Versailles was prompted after World War I. The Treaty of Versailles was presented to German leaders and was signed on June 28, 1919 in Paris, France. In Article 231 also known as the "War Guilt Clause" of the treaty states that Germany was responsible for all their damages of war and was order to pay war reparations to specific European countries. France was one of the countries they had to pay war reparations to. France had also wanted a postwar treaty that limited Germany's potential to regain its economic superiority and it's ability to rearm a full army. They had to also give back annexed land back to France and striped them of all their colonies. They also had to establish a demilitarized zone and separated the Saar from Germany for fifteen years.[1] By paying war reparations Germany's economy could not afford it

because France wanted to make sure Germany could not recover. They had to take millions of dollars in loans from the United States. This had cause the German government to steadily decline. The Treaty also called for the German army to reduce in size, restricted the Navy to vessels and a ban on the acquisition or maintenance of a submarine fleet. They also could not maintain an air force and they could no posses a certain class of weapons and this lead to the Allies eventual disarmament. Many of the people who worked with the armed services lost their job.[2] With many of the citizens losing their jobs they were very displeased. This led to the rise of many parties like the Nazi Party also known as the Third Reich. The Third Reich had disobeyed the Treaty of Versailles and started expanding their army allowing many of the citizens who lost their job to gain their job back.[3]

Not only the signing of the Treaty of Versailles caused the German economy to decline. The crashing of the United States stock market further put Germany in to an economic depression. The United States stock market crashed in 1929 because there was a widespread economic panic. This caused many of their citizens to withdraw their funds from banks quickly and this caused many banks to become bankrupt. After the stock market crashed all of the loans the United States gave out they needed it back quickly. Germany had borrowed loans from the United States. Germany's Hjalmar Schacht had agreed to pay all the loans received from the United States, but they could not

replenish it quickly.[4] This caused many Germans to loose their jobs and cause the unemployment to rise and their government to lose much of their money. The Weimar Republic was hit the hardest. To try and recover from the depression they tried passing welfare provisions.[5] Some welfare provisions that were passed under the Weimar Republic were the war victims' benefit, which was passed in 1920. This gave war victims help if they needed it. In 1922 the Youth Welfare Act was passed. This act is still around today and it continues to serve as the basic program for all youth related programs. In 1923 the employees and employers financed the unemployment relief after it was consolidated into a regular assistance program. In 1927 a national unemployment insurance program was established.[6] These programs did help out the economy for a while. Once the Great Depression started to settle in all of these welfare provision were cut back. This reduced wages and meant for a smaller contribution to social insurance and assistance programs. Most of these programs were on the brink of bankruptcy.[7] This made many people dissatisfied and so the Nazi Party rose to power.

The declining government and economy caused many citizens of Germany to become disgruntled and displeased because many of them were unemployed and lived in poverty. The declining economy caused food shortages, which made food hard to get and caused the food prices to be raised. This left many citizens unable to buy food and left many of them hungry. Many previsions were passed in attempted to get out of the depression by the Weimer Republic, but the previsions did not help and caused increased taxes and wage cuts. These made many of the citizens living under the Weimer Republic unhappy and they started joining and supporting

the Third Reich.[8] The Third Reich was also known as the Nazi party. Many citizens started joining the Nazi party because they offered a solution to the economic depression and to nearly every problem that the German population was facing. The Nazi party also promised to get the Treaty of Versailles abolished by political means, which had appealed to many citizens. The Treaty of Versailles had humbled Germany and caused them to go into an economic depression because they had to pay high reparations. Many people left the Weimer Republic because they had complied with the Treaty and many of them had disapproved of it. The Nazi party had also demanded equality rights for the German people in dealing with other nations. This made German citizens want to join the Nazi party because they promised to build back their nationalistic pride and allow the German army to grow. Without the treaty they could rebuild the army, which had a major role in Germany's identity. In 1923, there was hyperinflation, which made money in Germany valueless. The economic swings in Germany correlated with the membership of the Nazi party. When the economy was on an upswing and stable the membership of the Nazi party will increase, but when the economy was on the downslide the membership would grow. The rise in power of the Nazi party had put an end to

the Weimer Republic. Adolf Hitler was appointed as the head chancellor of the Third Reich. Once he was appointed as head chancellor he started to introduce major changes in the individual programs and program administration that the Weimer Republic had put in place. In 1934 the regime had destroyed the self-governance structure of all social insurance programs. In place they appointed directors who reported to the central authorities. There had been many improvements in social insurance and program benefits through the Third Reich, but it was more for the benefit of the Reich than the population. Some of the social improvements are artisans became covered under compulsory insurance, public health was extended to prisoners, and all wage-earners regardless of occupation were covered by accident insurance. Also health care had become unlimited and maternity leave was extended to twelve fully paid weeks with job protection. The Third Reich had also implemented many other policies such as the policy of "coordinate" which the alignment of institution with Nazi goals. With these new previsions being passed by the Third Reich created a more stable economy and government for Germany, which had also appealed to many citizens. Everything had become under control under the Third Reich like the culture, the economy, education and the law. This had united Germany as a country and caused nationalism. Germany had also created a new foreign policy and it was guided by the racist belief that Germany was biologically was suppose to expand eastward by military force. That would allow the German population to enlarge and become a permanent rule in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. They also had created the secret state police also known as the Gestapo and the Security Service of the Nazi party. They were used to suppress open criticism of the regime. While the Weimar Republic started declined the Third Reich was on the rise because they offered more stable social programs and created more jobs for the citizens. The Third Reich gave many opportunities to many of the citizens.[9]

Germany had to pay war reparations because of the Treaty of Versailles, which cause the economy to decline. Then the United States stock market crashed and that put Germany into a deeper depression because Germany had borrowed loans from the United States. Once the United States stock market crashed they had to quickly repay them back, but Germany was in a deep economic depression too and could not repay them back. All these factors caused many citizens to become dissatisfied because many of them were losing their jobs and they could not afford food and a home to stay in. The Weimer Republic had implemented welfare provisions to help with the depression, but as Germany went into a deeper depression they had to cut back on the funding to the social programs. As the economy declined the Third Reich also known as the Nazi Party rose into power and ended the Weimer Republic. They offered better social improvements that benefited many of the citizens and the country itself.

[1] Official summary of the treaty of peace presented to the Germans at Versailles yesterday. (1919, May 08). New York Times (1857-1922)

[2] Evans, Richard J., and Dick Geary, and University of East Anglia. Research Seminar Group on German Social History. The German unemployed : experiences and consequences of mass unemployment from the Weimar Republic to the Third Reich. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1987.

[3] Weder, Mark. "Some Observations on the Great Depression in Germany." German Economic Review 7, 1 (2006): 113-133.

[4] Schacht Says Reich Will Pay All Loans. New York: New York Times Company, 1930

[5] Evans, Richard J., and Dick Geary, and University of East Anglia. Research Seminar Group on German Social History. The German unemployed : experiences and consequences of mass unemployment from the Weimar Republic to the Third Reich. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1987.

[6] James, Harold. The Reichsbank and public finance in Germany, 1924-1933 : a study of the politics of economics during the Great Depression. Frankfurt am Main: F. Knapp, 1985: 45-50

[7] Sheehan, James J. Imperial Germany. New York : New Viewpoints, 1976: 86-88

[8] Weder, M. "A Heliocentric Journey into Germany's Great Depression." Oxford Economic Papers 58, 2 (Apr., 2006): 288-316.

[9] Shirer, William L. The rise and fall of the Third Reich: a history of Nazi Germany. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1960: 3-52

Bibliography:

Secondary Sources:

Evans, Richard J., and Dick Geary, and University of East Anglia. Research Seminar Group on German Social History. The German unemployed : experiences and consequences of mass unemployment from the Weimar Republic to the Third Reich. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1987.

James, Harold. The Reichsbank and public finance in Germany, 1924-1933 : a study of the politics of economics during the Great Depression. Frankfurt am Main: F. Knapp, 1985: 45-50

Shirer, William L. The rise and fall of the Third Reich: a history of Nazi Germany. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1960: 3-52

Weder, M. "A Heliocentric Journey into Germany's Great Depression." Oxford Economic Papers 58, 2 (Apr., 2006): 288-316.

Weder, Mark. "Some Observations on the Great Depression in Germany." German Economic Review 7, 1 (2006): 113-133.

Primary Sources:

Official summary of the treaty of peace presented to the Germans at Versailles yesterday. (1919, May 08). New York Times (1857-1922)

Schacht Says Reich Will Pay All Loans. New York: New York Times Company, 1930

Picture sources:

Figure 1. The Treaty of Versailles, June 28, 1919. http://kwilhelmii.weebly.com/treaty-of-versailles.html

Figure 2. War Reparation Political Cartoon. https://www.pintrest.com/humanitieswcc/treaty-of-versailles/

Figure 3. Nazi Party. https://alexandrebeauharnois.wordpress.com

Figure 4. Adolf Hitler. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiy_Bild_183-S33882,_Adolf_Hitler_(cropped2).jpg

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The Impacts of the Economic Depression on German Society during the 1920's and early 1930's

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Germany had been a thriving country. They had a stable government and economy and the citizens were satisfied. Then they fought in World War I and lost. This caused the economy and the government to decline. World War I started when the archduke of Austria-Hungary, Franz Ferdinand, was assassinated.

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American Neutrality Acts Neutrality acts

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Was the USA's neutrality a factor in causing World War II?

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Answer (1 of 4): "Was the USA's neutrality a factor in causing World War II?" I want to first address how I'm choosing to interpret this question. I think the word "causing" is a little strong here if you truly want to explore the kind of effect the USA's neutrality had on the historical event w...

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"USA" does not want to join any war conflict

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United States passed the neutrality acts. the law was to to forbade sale army to nation at war.