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North Hemisphere: Everything north of the Equator

South Hemisphere: everything south of the equator

Continent: a piece of land surrounded by large bodies of water.

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The land in Mesopotamia is surrounded by rivers.

Is located on the eastern part of the fertile cescent, Which is good farm land

Sumer's cities were surrounded by mud flats & patches of scorching desert

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Polytheism - a belief in more than one god.

city-state - a city that governs itself & its surrounding territory.

Surplus -  An amount that has been left over after a ned has been met

Ziggurat - a pyramid shaped structure with a temple at the top

silt - fine particles of fertile soil

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Mesopotamia had a polytheism belief.

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The wheel
mathematics
astronomy
medicane
technology

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The writing of the Mesopotamians is called Sumerian writing.

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The Meopotamians were ruled by kings, yet the kings only ruled one city other than the whole civilization.

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Shadoof- a bucket attatched to a pole to carry river water to storage basins.

Papyrus- a reed plant that grew wild by the Nile river.

Dynasty-A line of rulers from the same family.

Pharaoh-Ruler of acient Egypt.

Theocracy-government by religious leaders.

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1. Hot climate

2.Dry climate

3.little rain

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The Mediterranian sea is to the north, The upper southern area has waterfalls & rapids known as cataracts, The deserts to the east & west & the massive saraha desert to the south.

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The Egyptians worshipped many gods or deities

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Used geometry to survey land, Hieroglyphics.

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Egyptians used a writing ystem called Hieroglyphics that used symbols, each symbol sood for an object or an idea. Some stood for sounds like the alphabet

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In the early time there were two kingdoms that were united into one by 4000 B.C . A dynasty was developed,  a dynasty is a line of rulers from one family.

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Torah-First five chapters of the old testemate.

Prophet-person who claims to be instructed by God to share his word.

Sabbath- week day of worship & rest for the jews (saturday)

Rabbi- Jewish leader & teacher of the Torah

Moses- A prophet of God who was given the ten commandments.

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Moses is a Prophet by God who was given the ten commandments & he had to cross hard & rough land to spread it

Abraham was the founder of Islam & it was probably a struggle to get certain people to join him.

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The Israelites believed in a religion called Judaism.

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1. Only believe in the one & true God
2. Do not have any other idols than God
3. Do not missuse the name of your Lord God.
4.Always keep the4 sabbath day Holy
5.Honor your father & mother
6. you shall not murder
7. You shall not commit adulterly
8. you shall not steal
9. You should not give false testimony against your neighbor
10. You shall not covet your neighbors house, wife, or property.