# data[].attributes.body
a) osmoregulation is maintenance of water balance of blood/tissues;

b) loop of Henle creates hypertonic conditions in the medulla;

c) water reabsorbed as filtrate passes through collecting duct;

d) hypothalamus monitors/controls water balance/content of blood;

e) controls secretion of ADH by (posterior) pituitary gland;

f) ADH is released when blood too concentrated/too little water/hypertonic;

g) ADH makes the collecting duct more permeable to water;

h) due to more aquaporins;
more water reabsorbed (in response to ADH);

i) less water in urine/urine more concentrated/urine hypertonic;

j) no/less ADH when blood too dilute/too much water/hypotonic;

k) collecting duct less permeable/less water reabsorption/more water in urine;

# data[].attributes.body
- osmoregulation is a part of the process where blood is filtered and urine is formed
- Loop of Henle establishes a salt gradient in the medulla:
Descending limb of the Loop of Henle is permeable to water but not salts
Ascending gradient of the Loop of Henle is permeable to salts but not water
- vasa recta blood network that surrounds Loop of Henle flows in opposite direction
- salts released from the ascending limb are drawn into the medulla
- Water re-absorption is controlled by ADH
ADH is released in response to dehydration

# data[].attributes.body
LOOP OF HENLE:
- Descending LOH permeable to water but not ion. Ascending LOH permeable to ions but not water
- ions pumped out of ascending LOH, water moves out descending LOH by osmosis
- creates concentration gradient of medulla.

COLLECTING DUCT:
Dehydration
- increase in ADH
- increase aquaporin
- increase water absorption
- result in concentrated urine with less volume
Overhydration
- decrease ADH
- decrease aquaporin
- decrease water absorption
- result in diluted urine with large volume

# data[].attributes.body
- Osmoregulation is the process by which the concentration of water  is maintained at desirable level through hormones and specific bodily functions.
- In the descending loop of henle, water is reabsorbed though the membrane that is permeable to water molecules only. This process is facilitated by the high salt concentration of the medulla caused by the diffusion of salts in the ascending loop of henle.
- In the collecting duct, ADT, a hormone released by the pituitary gland, is responsible for the retention of water by controlling the formation of aquaporins that facilitate the transport of water.
- The concentration of ADH varies according to the extent of hydration in the body. When there is a lack of water, the concentration will be higher, leading to more absorption of water, causing the urine produced to be more concentrated.

When there is an excess of water, the concentration will be lower, leading to less absorption of water, causing the urine produced to be more diluted.

# data[].attributes.body
Osmoregulation is the control of the water balance of the blood, tissue or cytoplasm of a living organism.

It occurs in the collecting duct of the medulla and the loop of henle

The loop of henle creates a high solute concentration in the tissue fluid.

The descending limb of the loop of henle is permeable to water but not salts and the ascending limb is permeable to salts and not water.

# data[].attributes.body
- it is the process to regulate the water potential in the body (a)
- occurs in the kidney, mainly collecting duct and loop of Henle
- Osmosis takes place in the loop of Henle where water is re-absorbed.
- In the collecting duct, permeability of membrane is altered according to the body's water potential level
- If it is low, the membrane is more permeable - due to secretion of ADH. (f)
- if it is high, membrane is less permeable (j)

a) osmoregulation is maintenance of water balance of blood/tissues;
b) loop of Henle creates hypertonic conditions in the medulla;
c) water reabsorbed as filtrate passes through collecting duct;
d) hypothalamus monitors/controls water balance/content of blood;
e) controls secretion of ADH by (posterior) pituitary gland;
f) ADH is released when blood too concentrated/too little water/hypertonic;
g) ADH makes the collecting duct more permeable to water;
h) due to more aquaporins;
more water reabsorbed (in response to ADH);
i) less water in urine/urine more concentrated/urine hypertonic;
j) no/less ADH when blood too dilute/too much water/hypotonic;
k) collecting duct less permeable/less water reabsorption/more water in urine;

# data[].attributes.body
-occurs in the loop of Henle and the collecting duct.
-it maintains the constant osmotic pressure relationships
-the loop of Henle regulates the concentrations of ions in the urine.
-the descending limb of the loop of Henle is permeable to  water but impermeable to salts
-while the ascending limb of the loop of Henle is permeable to salts but impermeable to water.
- the vasa recta is a network of capillaries that surround the loop of Henle which flows in the opposite direction.

# data[].attributes.body
- osmoregulation is the control of solute concentrations in the blood or any body fluids
- the pituitary gland in the collecting duct secretes ADH hormone (anti-diuretic hormone) also known as vasopressin
- when water content in blood is low
- ADH causes the membrane of the cells in the collecting duct to be more permeable.
- they do this by putting water channels, aquaporins on the membrane

# data[].attributes.body
- Osmoregulation  is the control of water balance of blood, tissue or cytoplasms of a living organism
- Osmoregulation occurs in the medulla of the kidney, specifically in the loop of Henle (in which a salt gradient is established) and in the collecting duct ( in which ADH regulates the level of water being reabsorbed)
Loop of Henle
- The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permeable to water but not salts
- The ascending loop of Henle is permeable to salts but not water
- The salt released from the ascending limb are drawn down into the medulla, establishing a salt gradient

Water reabsorption
- ADH is released by the posterior pitutary gland
- ADH is produced when one is dehydrated

# data[].attributes.body
Osmoregulation is the third of three processes by which blood is filtered and urine is formed

Osmoregulation is the control of the water balance of the blood, tissue or cytoplasm of a living organism

Osmoregulation occurs in the medulla of the kidney in the following 2 processes:

The loop of Henle establishes a salt gradient (hypertonicity) in the medulla

- create a high solute (hypertonic) concentration in the tissue fluid of the medulla
- descending limb of the loop of Henle is permeable to water. The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is permeable to salts
- vasa recta blood network that surrounds the loop of Henle flows in the opposite direction known as the counter-current mechanis which allows the salts released from the ascending limb to be drawn down into the medulla and hence establising a greatet salt concentration gradient.

- Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) regulates the level of water reabsorption in the collecting duct

# data[].attributes.body
Osmoregulation occurs  in kidney in the collecting duct and loop of henlé.

Osmoregulation is the maintainance of osmotic pressure and concentration in the blood in order to ensure that water and salt concentration stays within a narrow acceptable range.

Osmoregulation is controlled by the secretion of the hormone anti diuretic hormone (ADH) produced in the pitutary gland in the hypothalamus.

When the body sensory neurons detect low amounts of water in the blood, the hypothalamus sends an impulse to the pitutary gland in order to secrete more ADH into the bloodstream. This would cause the cells of the kidney to become more porous and and allow for greater permeability of water, thus allowing more water to be reabsorbed into the blood. This causes the urine to me very concentrated with very little volume.

Once the body detects that there is enough water in the blood, negative feedback occurs and sends an impulse to the pitutary gland in order to stop secreting ADH into the bloodstream causing the absorption of water in the kidneys to decrease.

When water concentration in blood is high, the hypothalamus sends an impulse to the pitutary gland to secrete less ADH. This causes the permeability of the kidney to decrease, causing the amount of water reabsorbed to decrease. Concentration of urine would be dilute and large volume of water would be excreted. Negative feedback occurs once water concentration is at acceptable range and causes more ADH to be secreted back to normal levels

# data[].attributes.body
-  Osmoregulation is the process of regulating the body and maintaining the osmolarity in the body.
-   It takes place in the collecting duct, as well as the loop of Henle.
-  In the loop of Henle, along the descending limb, the water molecules diffuse out  and thus causes the salt concentration to increase. As it moves through the loop of Henle, along the ascending limb, the Na+ and Cl- ions diffuse out.
- This is due to the fact that the descending limb is permeable to water and not the salt ions, while the ascending limb is permeable to the salt ions but not water.

# data[].attributes.body
Osmoregulation occurs in the collecting duct and loop of Henle.
- The water will be ultrafiltrated into the nephron from the glomerulus.
-  about 80% of the water will be reabsorbed before reaching the loop of Henle.
- Aquaporine gate is open by the hormone ADH secreted by the pituatary gland.
- The rest of the water will be transported to the collecting duct (20%) and be reabsorbed through the Aquaporine.
- The amount absorb depends on the solvent concentration and the condition of your body (Dehydration or Overhydration)
- about 95% of the water will be reabsorb back into the circulatory system and the remaining 5% will travel to the collecting duct.
- the

# data[].attributes.body
Osmoregulation is the maintenance of constant osmotic pressure in the fluids of an organism by the control of water. This occurs in Kidney, specifically in the collecting duct and loop of henlé. Both of the parts are located in the medulla of kidney. Descending loop is permeable to water, water can diffuse into the loop of henlé depends on the external environment. This can dilute the urea.  Collecting duct balances the water concentration of the blood, through hormonal control. Water molecules diffuse into blood stream, capillaries, due to osmotic gradient by process called osmosis. Fluid in the collecting duct and the blood in the capillaries flow in opposite direction to maintain concentration gradient.

# data[].attributes.headline
EXPLAIN OSMOREGULATION IN KIDNEY.........MKS......     (8)

# data[].attributes.subject
EXPLAIN OSMOREGULATION IN KIDNEY.........MKS......     (8)

# data[].attributes.body
a) osmoregulation is maintenance of water balance of blood/tissues;

b) loop of Henle creates hypertonic conditions in the medulla;

c) water reabsorbed as filtrate passes through collecting duct;

d) hypothalamus monitors/controls water balance/content of blood;

e) controls secretion of ADH by (posterior) pituitary gland;

f) ADH is released when blood too concentrated/too little water/hypertonic;

g) ADH makes the collecting duct more permeable to water;

h) due to more aquaporins;
more water reabsorbed (in response to ADH);

i) less water in urine/urine more concentrated/urine hypertonic;

j) no/less ADH when blood too dilute/too much water/hypotonic;

k) collecting duct less permeable/less water reabsorption/more water in urine;