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Peluncuran Sputnik
Peluncuran satelit Sputnik milik Uni Soviet yang memungkinkan komunikasi global.

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Penemuan Modem
Bell Labs, perusahaan asal Amerika, menciptakan teknologi modem (modulator-demodulator) yang mengkonversi sinyal digital ke listrik (analog) dan sebaliknya, menungkinkan komunikasi antar komputer.

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Pendirian ARPA
Pemerintah Amerika Serikat mendirikan Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) sebagai tanggapan atas peluncuran Sputnik.

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Leonard Kleinrock pelopor packet-switching
Leonard Kleinrock mempelopori konsep packet-switching dalam tesis doktoralnya di Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) tentang teori antrian: Information Flow in Large Communication Nets.

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J.C.R. Licklider Membayangkan Jaringan Intergalaksi
J.C.R. Licklider menulis memo tentang konsep Jaringan Intergalaksi dari jaringan komputer dan menjadi kepala pertama dari program penelitian komputer di ARPA.

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ASCII Dikembangkan
Standar universal pertama untuk komputer, ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Exchange) dikembangkan oleh komite bersama industri-pemerintah. ASCII memungkinkan mesin dari berbagai pabrikan untuk bertukar data.

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Paul Baran, Donald Davies Develop Message Blocks/Packet-switching

The Rand Corporation's Paul Baran develops message blocks in the U.S., while Donald Watts Davies, at the National Physical Laboratory in Britain, simultaneously creates a similar technology called packet-switching. The technology revolutionizes data communications.

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ARPA Sponsors Networking Study

ARPA sponsors study on "cooperative network of time-sharing computers."

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Lawrence Roberts & Thomas Marill Create First Wide-area Network

Lawrence Roberts (MIT) and Thomas Marill get an ARPA contract to create the first wide-area network (WAN) connection via long distant dial-up between a TX-2 computer in Massachusetts and a Q-32 computer in California. The system confirms that packet switching offers the most promising model for communication between computers.

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ARPAnet Project Initiated

Directing ARPA’s computer research program, Robert Taylor initiates the ARPAnet project, the foundation for today’s Internet.

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Charles Herzfeld Approves Funds for Computer Networking Experiment

As ARPA director, Charles Herzfeld approves funding to develop a networking experiment that would tie together multiple universities funded by the agency. The result would be the ARPAnet, the first packet network and a predecessor to today’s Internet.

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Lawrence Roberts Leads Networking Experiment

Building on the 1965 “Cooperative Network of Time-sharing Computers” study, MIT’s Lawrence Roberts comes to ARPA to conduct the networking experiment and develop the first ARPAnet plan ("Towards a Cooperative Network of Time-Shared Computers").

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ARPAnet Design Begins

Lawrence Roberts leads ARPAnet design discussions and publishes first ARPAnet design paper: "Multiple Computer Networks and Intercomputer Communication."  Wesley Clark suggests the network is managed by interconnected ‘Interface Message Processors’ in front of the major computers. Called IMPs, they evolve into today’s routers.

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Donald Davies Publishes First Packet-switching Paper

Donald Watts Davies of the National Physical Laboratory in England publishes his paper on “packet-switching,” the term he coins.

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Danny Cohen Develops First Real-time Visual Flight Simulator

Danny Cohen develops the first real-time visual flight simulator on a general purpose computer and the first real-time radar simulator. His flight simulator work leads to the development of the Cohen-Sutherland computer graphics line clipping algorithms, created with Ivan Sutherland.

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Engelbart Makes His Mother of All Demos Presentation

Engelbart makes his "Mother of All Demos" presentation where he introduces hypertexting and collaborative computing for the first time.

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Bolt Beranek and Newman Wins IMP Development Contract

Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc. (BBN) is awarded the ARPA contract to build the Interface Message Processors.

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Kennedy Congratulates BBN On ARPA Contract

US Senator Edward Kennedy sends BBN a congratulatory telegram on winning the ARPA contract to build the "Interfaith" Message Processors.

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UCLA Develops ARPAnet Host Level Protocols

Steve Crocker heads UCLA Network Working Group under Professor Leonard Kleinrock to develop host level protocols for ARPAnet communication in preparation for becoming the first node.  The group, which includes Vint Cerf and Jon Postel, lays the foundation for protocols of the modern Internet.

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ARPAnet’s Structural Proposal Written

Dr. Howard Frank co-writes the proposal that wins the contract to design the network structure for the ARPAnet.

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IMP Network Links First Four Nodes

The physical Interface Message Processor (IMP) network is constructed, linking four nodes: University of California at Los Angeles, SRI (in Stanford), University of California at Santa Barbara, and University of Utah.

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UCLA Team Sends First Data Packets

The first data packets are sent between networked computers on October 29th by Charley Kline at UCLA, under supervision of Professor Leonard Kleinrock. The first attempt resulted in the system crashing as the letter G of “Login” was entered.  The second attempt was successful.

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Key Internet Protocols Implemented

Dr. David Clark implements Internet protocols for the Multics systems, the Xerox PARC ALTO and the IBM PC.

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Peter Kirstein Starts European ARPAnet

Professor Peter Kirstein of University College London starts the first European ARPAnet node with transatlantic IP connectivity.

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IMP Network Grows

Fifteen nodes (23 hosts) comprise the IMP network.

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Ray Tomlinson Invents Email

Ray Tomlinson of BBN invents the email program to send messages across a distributed network.  The "@" sign is chosen from the punctuation keys on Tomlinson's Model 33 Teletype to separate local from global emails, making "user@host" the email standard.

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Raymond Tomlinson - the inventor of email

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Robert Kahn Demonstrates ARPAnet to Public

Robert Kahn demonstrates the ARPAnet to the public for the first time by connecting 20 different computers at the International Computer Communication Conference, and in doing so, imparts the importance of packet-switching technology.

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Jon Postel Helps Create First Internet Address Registry

While at the Information Science Institute, Jon Postel helps create the first Internet address registry, which later becomes Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). This administers IP addresses and other critical Internet functions.

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Louis Pouzin Leads CYCLADES Development

Louis Pouzin leads the French effort to build CYCLADES, France’s version of the ARPAnet.

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Ethernet Invented at Xerox Parc

Faced with the "good fortune to be the first person in the world to be given the problem of connecting a roomful of computers," Bob Metcalfe co-invented the Ethernet at Xerox Parc.

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TCP/IP Protocol Development Begins

Development begins on what will eventually be called TCP/IP protocol by a group headed by Vint Cerf (Stanford) and Robert Kahn (DARPA). The new protocol will allow diverse computer networks to interconnect and communicate with each other.

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Danny Cohen Pioneers Network Voice Protocol

Danny Cohen was the first to implement “packet video” and “packet voice” (Network Voice Protocol) when he adapted the visual flight simulator to run over the ARPANET in 1973.  It was the first application of packet switching to real-time applications.

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A Brief Prehistory of Voice over IP parts 1 & 2

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University College of London Establishes First International ARPAnet Link

The first international connection to the ARPAnet is made by University College of London (England) via NORSAR (Norway).

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Elizabeth Feinler Begins Leading NIC

Elizabeth “Jake” Feinler begins to help lead SRI International’s Network Information Center (NIC), where her group eventually develops the first Internet “yellow-” and “white-page” servers, the first query-based network host name and address (WHOIS) server, and the Host Naming Registry for the Internet. As a part of this effort she and her group develop the top-level domain naming schemes of .com, .edu, .gov, .mil, .org, and .net.

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Vint Cerf, Robert Kahn Coin 'Internet'

Vint Cerf and Robert Kahn publish "A Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection" which specifies in detail the design of a Transmission Control Program (TCP) and coins the term “Internet” for the first time.

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Bolt Beranek and Newman Founds Telenet

Lawrence Roberts helps Bolt Beranek and Newman (BBN) found Telenet, the first public packet data service, a commercial version of ARPAnet.

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Lawrence Landweber Creates Computer Science Network

Lawrence Landweber creates CSNET (Computer Science Network), a network for all US university and industrial computer research groups.  By 1984, over 180 university, industrial, and government computer science departments are participating in CSNET.

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Mike Jensen Begins Pioneering Early Networks in Developing Countries

Mike Jensen begins building some of the earliest networks to connect the nonprofit sector, playing a key role in establishing network connectivity for developing countries.

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Jaap Akkerhuis Helps Connect the Netherlands and Europe

Jaap Akkerhuis becomes instrumental in the development of the Internet in the Netherlands and Europe, and plays a key role as a global connector in the technical community.

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Perlman Develops Key Routing Protocols

Perlman designs IS-S (Intermediate System to Intermediate System) protocol for routing IP, which continues to flourish today, and the Spanning Tree algorithm, which allows the Ethernet to handle large clouds of data.

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Radia Perlman Profile, 2014 Internet Hall of Fame Pioneer

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Van Houweling Oversees NSFnet

Dr. Van Houweling helps to oversee the operation and management of NSFnet, the foundation on which global Internet is built.

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Douglas Van Houweling Profile, 2014 Internet Hall of Fame Connector

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CSNet Developed

Professor David Farber helps conceive and organize the National Science Foundation’s Computer Science Network (CSNet), which is instrumental in helping to spread global awareness of networking technology.

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2013 Historic Profile - Dave Farber - Internet Hall of Fame Pioneer

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IAB Established

As a DARPA manager, Dr. Barry Leiner helps establish the Internet Activities Board (later the Internet Architecture Board), which leads the effort to set early Internet technical standards.

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Lawrence Landweber Forges First U.S.- Europe Network Gateways

Lawrence Landweber establishes the first network gateways between the U.S. and European countries. He also establishes the “Landweber Conferences,” which are instrumental in showing scientists from around the world how to implement national academic and research networks in their countries.

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Ira Fuchs Helps Create BITNET

Ira Fuchs co-founds BITNET, a precursor to the Internet that offers many of the Internet’s core services years before the Internet’s commercialization.

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Visual Simulator Runs Over ARPAnet

Danny Cohen adapts the visual simulator to run over the ARPAnet, the first application of packet- switching networks to real-time applications.

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4FIRSTS Visual Flight Simulation over the ARPAnet 1970

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First Public WAN Initiated

Teus Hagen initiates the European Unix Network (EUnet) as the EUUG dial-up service, which becomes the first public wide area network in Europe, serving four initial “backbones.”

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2013 Historic Profile - Teus Hagen - Internet Hall of Fame Global Connector

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Kilnam Chon Connects Asia to Internet

Kilnam Chon, a Professor at Keio University in Japan, develops the first Internet connection in Asia, called SDN, and his pioneering work inspires others to promote the Internet’s regional growth.

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ARPAnet Transitions to TCP/IP

The ARPAnet changes its core networking protocols from Network Control Programs to the more flexible and powerful TCP/IP protocol suite, marking the start of the modern Internet.

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Paul Mockapetris Invents Domain Name System

Paul Mockapetris expands the Internet beyond its academic origins by inventing the Domain Name System (DNS). John Klensin helps facilitate early procedural and definitional work for DNS administration and top-level domain definitions.

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Yvonne Marie Andrés Creates Global Schoolnet

In 1984, Yvonne Marie Andrés creates the nonprofit Global SchoolNet, an international organization that facilitates collaborative educational projects.

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CERN and TCP/IP

Ben Segal convinces CERN that TCP/IP is the key to making the Internet functional.

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Japan’s UNIX Network Developed

Dr. Jun Murai, known as the ‘father of the Internet in Japan,’ develops the Japanese University UNIX Network (JUNET), the first inter-university network in that nation

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First Email in Germany

The first email arrives in Germany from the U.S. on August 3, 1984. "Willkommen CSNET," it says. Werner Zorn plays a critical role in this event and establishing the German Internet.

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First U.S. Research & Education Network Developed

Dr. Stephen Wolff leads the development of NSFNET, the first U.S. open computer network supporting research and higher education.

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Craig Partridge Develops Modern Email Routing System

Craig Partridge designs how email is routed using domain names.

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IETF Holds First Meeting

In January 1986, in San Diego, California, 21 people attend a historic meeting now known as IETF 1. It's the first meeting of the Internet Engineering Task Force, an open, global community of network designers, operators, vendors and researchers who help guide Internet architecture and standards.

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The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Internet is Published

Responding to a lack knowledge in the academic community about Internet use, Ed Krol writes The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Internet, published in 1987 as one of the earliest non-technical Internet guides. It was later adopted as the Internet Engineering Task Force’s RFC-1118.

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Internet Arrives in Chile

Florencio Utreras leads the connection of Chile to the BITNET network.

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Ramani Plays Role in India's ERNET

Srinivasan Ramani plays a key role in India’s Education and Research Network (ERNET) and leads the effort to set up ERNET’s international gateway, starting with a link to Amsterdam.

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Srinivasan Ramani Profile, 2014 Internet Hall of Fame Global Connector

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Southern Africa Gets Connected

While serving as executive director at SANGONeT, an Internet service provider and training institution for civil society, labour and community organizations, Esterhuysen, with many others, helps establish email and Internet connectivity in Southern Africa.

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Nancy Hafkin Helps Develop ICT In Africa

Nancy Hafkin helps facilitate the ECA’s African Information Society Initiative, which establishes the first email connectivity in more than 10 African countries.

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Tracy LaQuey Parker Pens Early Bestseller about the Internet

Tracy LaQuey Parker writes one of the earliest, best-selling books about the Internet: The User's Directory of Computer Networks, which becomes a historic record of the NSFNET.

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First Internet Exchange Point Established

Dr. Glenn Ricart sets up the first Internet Exchange point, connecting the original federal TCP/IP networks and first U.S. commercial and non-commercial Internet networks.

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2013 Historic Profile - Glenn Ricart - Internet Hall of Fame Pioneer

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Thailand Gets a Domain Name

While at the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Dr. Kanchana Kanchanasut registers the .TH country-code top-level domain for Thailand and remains the .TH administer to this day.

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Réseaux IP Européens (RIPE) Created

Francois Flückiger (kiri) convenes the founding meeting that leads to the creation of Réseaux IP Européens (RIPE), the nonprofit organization that conducts technical coordination of the European Internet infrastructure.

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Daniel Karrenberg Helps Build First Pan-European ISP

Daniel Karrenberg helps build EUnet, the first pan-European Internet Service Provider.  By 1989, Karrenberg helps found Reseaux IP Europeens (RIPE), the key collaborative forum for Internet coordination in Europe.  He also leads the formation of the world’s first Regional Internet Registry, the RIPE Network Coordination Centre (RIPE NCC).

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Van Jacobson Solves Internet Congestion

Van Jacobson develops algorithms for the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) that help solve the problem of congestion and are still used in over 90% of Internet hosts today.

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Tadao Takahashi Lays Brazilian Internet Foundation

Tadao Takahashi starts one of the earliest academic networks in Brazil and becomes a driving force in the effort to build a backbone that would become the foundation of the Brazilian Internet.

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Alan Emtage Begins Development of First Internet Search Engine

Alan Emtage conceives of and begins developing the world’s first Internet search engine, called Archie, pioneering many techniques used by search engines today.

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Global Internet Development Grows

Dr. Stephen Goldstein plays a key role in evaluating and funding development of Internet initiatives around the world, helping connect about 25 countries to the NSFNET.

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Geoff Huston Helps Deploy Australian Internet

Geoff Huston leads the effort to bring the Internet from the academic and research sector to the Australian public.  Through his work with Australian communications service provider, Telstra, he helps facilitate the large-scale deployment of the Internet across Australia and as a transit service provider in the Asia Pacific region.

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Tim Berners-Lee Creates WWW

At CERN, the European Physical Laboratory, Tim Berners-Lee creates the World Wide Web. Robert Cailliau is a key proponent of the project, and helps Berners-Lee author a proposal for funding.  Later, Cailliau develops, along with Nicola Pellow, the first web browser for the Mac OS operating system.

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Brewster Kahle Invents First Internet Publishing System

Brewster Kahle invents the Internet’s first publishing system, WAIS (Wide Area Information Server) and founds WAIS, Inc.  A precursor to today’s search engines, WAIS is one of the first programs to index large amounts of data and make it searchable across large networks.

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Association for Progressive Communications Founded

Karen Banks, co-founds APC, an international network and non-profit dedicated to creating and sustaining a free and open Internet that serves the needs of the global civil society.

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Stephen Kent Pioneers Internet Security Systems

Dr.  Stephen Kent pioneers secure communications over open networks.

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2013 Historic Profile - Stephen Kent - Internet Hall of Fame Innovator

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Latin America Internet Development Begins

Ida Holz helps lead a group of computing pioneers whose efforts resulted in the development of the first Latin American networks.

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Sri Lankan Academic Internet Established

Gihan Dias helps set up and run the academic Internet in Sri Lanka (LEARN).

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2013 Historic Profile - Gihan Dias - Internet Hall of Fame Global Connector

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Electronic Frontier Foundation Founded

John Perry Barlow co-founds the Electronic Frontier Foundation to provide legal aid to defend individuals and new technologies from “misdirected legal threats” related to technology.

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Linus Torvalds Creates Linux

Linus Torvalds creates Linux and becomes a leading supporter of Open Source software.

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Toru Takahashi Promotes Internet In Japan

Toru Takahashi helps bring the Internet to Japan and promotes it throughout Asia in the 1990s. He is key to the early commercial development of the Internet in the region.

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Davies Partakes in Protocol Battle

Dai Davies helps introduce Internet technology into the pan-European backbone EuropaNet, which would eventually be dominated by TCP/IP.

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Dai Davies Profile, 2014 Internet Hall of Fame Connector

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Netherlands Internet Development Begins

Neggers leads the effort to create the first European Internet Provider (IP) backbone.

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2013 Historic Profile - Kees Neggers - Internet Hall of Fame Pioneer

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Phil Zimmermann Creates PGP Email Encryption

Philip Zimmermann creates Pretty Good Privacy (PGP), an email encryption software package that's published for free.  Originally designed as a human rights tool, PGP becomes one of the most widely used email encryption softwares in the world.

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Al Gore Creates Bill to Fund "Information Superhighway"

Al Gore creates the High-performance Computing and Communications Act of 1991 (the Gore Bill), which allocates $600 million for high performance computing and helps create the National Research and Educational Network.  The Gore Bill also creates the National Information Infrastructure, known as the Information Superhighway.

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World Wide Web Opens to Public

The World Wide Web is made available to the public for the first time on the Internet.

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Ermanno Pietrosemoli Spurs Global Internet Education

Ermanno Pietrosemoli begins leading technical education of the Internet in dozens of countries in South America and Africa.

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Internetworking Introduced to Japan

Dr. Haruhisa Ishida introduces UNIX computing and the concept of internetworking to Japan.

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George Sadowsky helps create global Internet training team

George Sadowsky helps create the team that would train over 1,500 instructors from over 100 nations on Internet technologies, operation, management and governance.  This initiative was crucial to the Internet’s global expansion.

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Vint Cerf, Robert Kahn Found Internet Society

Vint Cerf and Robert Kahn found the Internet Society. Meanwhile, hosts on the Internet pass the one million mark.

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Randy Bush, John Klensin Found Network Startup Resource Center

Randy Bush  and John Klensin found the non-profit Network Startup Resource Center to develop and deploy Internet networking technology to dozens of countries throughout the world.

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First Layman's Guide to the Internet is Published

The Internet Companion, written by Tracy LaQuey Parker, is published as the first layman's guide to the Internet. Translated into eight languages, it becomes an international bestseller.

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Nabil Bukhalid Brings the Internet to Lebanon

Nabil Bukhalid leads the team at the American University of Beirut that brings the Internet to Lebanon and establishes the Lebanese Domain Registry.

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Cioffi Standardizes DSL

DMT (Discrete Multitone) -based DSL technology developed by Dr. John Cioffi, “Father of DSL,” becomes the US standard.

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John Cioffi Profile, 2014 Internet Hall of Fame Innovator

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NCSA Releases Mosaic Browser

Mark Andreessen and Eric Bina create the Mosaic browser at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), which helps popularize the World Wide Web among the general public.

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First Internet Backbone Launches In China

Jianping Wu leads the design, development and evolution of CERNET, the first Internet backbone in China, helping it become the largest national academic network in the country.

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First RFC is Authored

Huizer authors the first Request for Comments to document not only the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standards process but also the procedures for its Working Groups.

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Erik Huizer Profile, 2014 Internet Hall of Fame Connector

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First Direct TCP/IP Connection in Mainland China

Madam Qiheng Hu leads a delegation to the US for discussions with the National Science Foundation, which facilitates the setting up the first direct TCP/IP connection in mainland China.

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MP3 Is Developed

Brandenburg and his team settle on a file extension for the audio format, shortening MPEG1, Layer 3 to MP3.