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It is a disorder that is inherited in which clusters of cysts develop mainly within kidneys, causing the kidneys to enlarge and lose function over time, which is the ability to filter waste products (Medicine, 2014). Cysts are non-cancerous round sacs containing fluid. They vary in size and they can grow very large (Medicine, 2014).

Complications of polycystic kidney disease is comprised of hazardously high blood pressure, pain in the back or sides, blood in the urine, recurrent urinary tract infections, kidney stones and heart valve abnormalities (Medicine, 2014).

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There are two main types of the disease:

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There are two main types of the disease:

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The autosomal dominant form (AKA ADPKD)

Have signs and symptoms that start in adulthood. It is further divided into type 1 and type 2 depending on the genetic cause (Medicine, 2014).

The autosomal recessive form (AKA ARPKD)

Very rare and lethal early in life. The signs and symptoms are apparent at birth or in early infancy (Medicine, 2014).

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Healthy kidney vs Polycystic diseased kidney.

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Healthy kidney vs Polycystic diseased kidney.

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How polycystic disease affects the golgi complex and the cell cycle

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How polycystic disease affects the golgi complex and the cell cycle

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Golgi complex
Epithelial cells transferred from autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) tissue display impaired exocytosis, specifically between the Golgi and basolateral membrane (Charron AJ, 2018)

Cel cycle

Polycytin inhibition of CDK2 (cyclin dependent kinase) activity result in the regulation of the cell cycle through the up regulation of the CDK inhibitor p21waf 1, cells arrested in G0/G1 phase through the activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway and the activation of the Janus kinases signals transducers(Anon, 2018)

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Nicky Mogoba-u15102956
Katlego Machaka-u16166842
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Its an organelle that is found in most eukaryotic cells.

It contains a series of 5-8 cup-shaped membrane covered sacs called cisternae or networks. It is found around the nucleus and its function is to modify, sort and to package proteins before they are transported elsewhere. (Anon., 2018)

It has two faces called the Cis and Trans face

Cis face-The receiving side of the Golgi apparatus. It has a convex shape and face to the E.R (Endoplasmic reticulum) and takes vacuoles from ER which has proteins that are immature and not modified (Rajput, 2017).

Trans face-The shipping side of the Golgi apparatus it is concave in shape and face to the cytoplasm or away from the ER. This face releases golgian vacuoles containing modified proteins as well as lysosomes (Rajput, 2017).

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Anon., 2018. MAYO CLINIC. [Online]  Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/polycystic-kidney-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20352820 [Accessed 15 May 2018].

Anon, (2018). [online] Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.4161/cc.6.7.4047 [Accessed 16 May 2018].

Charron AJ, e. (2018). ADPKD: a human disease altering Golgi function and basolateral exocytosis in renal epithelia. - PubMed - NCBI. [online] Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11208155 [Accessed 17 May 2018].

Medicine, U. N. L. o., 2014. Genetics Home Reference. [Online]
Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/polycystic-kidney-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20352820
[Accessed 15 May 2018].

Rajput, R., 2017. Quora. [Online]
Available at: https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-cis-and-trans-phases-of-the-Golgi-apparatus
[Accessed 15 May 2018].