# data[].attributes.body
- Measure variables.
- Assess the impact of these variables on an outcome.
- Test theories.
- Test broad explanations.
- Apply results to a large number of people.
Creswell, Educational Research, page 64.

# data[].attributes.headline
Team 2 (Ana Lucia, José Alfredo, Pato, José Andrés)

# data[].attributes.subject
Team 2 (Ana Lucia, José Alfredo, Pato, José Andrés)

# data[].attributes.body
- Exploring a problem & developing a detailed understanding of a central phenomenon.
-Having the literature review play a minor role but justify the problem.
- Stating the purpose and research questions in a general and broad way so as to the
participants’ experiences
- Collecting data based on words from a small number of individuals so that the
participants’ views are obtained
- Analyzing the data for description and themes using text analysis and interpreting
the larger meaning of the fi ndings
- Writing the report using flexible, emerging structures and evaluative criteria, and
including the researchers’ subjective reflexivity and bias

SOURCE: Creswell, Educational Research, pg.16

# data[].attributes.body
The Research Problem
- Practical research problems
"In other research studies the “problem” will be based on a need for further research
because a gap exists or we need to extend the research into other areas."
- Based research problem
"The “problem” in this case is based on a research need for more information."
page 66
Creswell Educational Research

# data[].attributes.body
-Combining quantitative and qualitative data to best understand and explain a research problem
-Using quantitative and qualitative data for individuals to study education problems that they face in their settings. (Creswell, Educational Research pg. 20)
Mixed methods designs are procedures for collecting, analyzing, and mixing both quantitative and qualitative data in a single study or in a multiphase series of studies. In this you need to decide on the emphasis you'll give to each form of data (priority), form of data you'll collect first (concurrent or sequential), how you'll mix the data (integrating or connecting) and whether you'll use the theory to guide the study (Creswell, Educational Research pg. 21)

# data[].attributes.headline
Team 2 (Ana Lucia, Josè Alfredo, Pato, Josè Andrès)

# data[].attributes.subject
Team 2 (Ana Lucia, Josè Alfredo, Pato, Josè Andrès)

# data[].attributes.body
- Describing a research problem through a description of trends or a need for an explanation of the relationship among variables
- Providing a major role for the literature through suggesting the research questions to be asked and justifying the research problem and creating a need for the direc-
tion (purpose statement and research questions or hypotheses) of the study
-Creating purpose statements, research questions, and hypotheses that are specifi c,
narrow, measurable, and observable
- Collecting numeric data from a large number of people using instruments with
preset questions and responses
- Analyzing trends, comparing groups, or relating variables using statistical analysis,
and interpreting results by comparing them with prior predictions and past research
- Writing the research report using standard, fixed structures and evaluation criteria,
and taking an objective, unbiased approach

SOURCE: Creswell, Educational Research, page 13.

# data[].attributes.body
- You can approach research in two ways: qualitative and quantitative
- research processes and design characteristics they have learned about and to classify and evaluate quantitative and qualitative studies and research situations.
- mix method research
- used as a type of educational research
-collects data (in different ways but it collects data)
Data was collected from the Creswell, Eduacational Research Textbook p.02, 534, 233

# data[].attributes.body
-Grounded Theory
-Ethnography
-Narrative

# data[].attributes.body
-experimental
-correlational
-survey
-Describing a research problem through a description of trends or a need for an explanation of the relationship among variables.
-Creating a purpouse statements, research questions, and hypotheses that are specific,narrow, measurable and observable
Creswell,Educational Research pg.12 and 13

# data[].attributes.body
Quantitative Designs in the Research Process:
-Experimental
-Correlation
-Survey

Creswell_Educational Research pg. 12

# data[].attributes.body
Qualitative research with its foucus on the experiences of people, stresses the uniqueness of invididuals, collects data from their respondents often in their natural enviroment, taking into account how cultural, social and other factor influence their experience and behaviour.

-purpose is understanding
-oriented toward discovery
-uses subjective table
-interprets results in context
-focus is holisc

# data[].attributes.headline
TEAM 3 (Majo Rodríguez, Samira Pérez, Andrés García)

# data[].attributes.subject
TEAM 3 (Majo Rodríguez, Samira Pérez, Andrés García)

# data[].attributes.body
- Mixed Method Research: a procedure for collecting, analyzing, and “mix-ing” both quantitative and qualitative methods in a single study or a series of studies to
understand a research problem.
Creswell, Educational Research,
pg. 535

# data[].attributes.headline
Team 2 (Ana Lucia, José Alfredo, Pato, José Andrés)

# data[].attributes.subject
Team 2 (Ana Lucia, José Alfredo, Pato, José Andrés)

# data[].attributes.body
- Follow the 6 steps in the process of research.
- Both may employ similar approaches, such as interviews or observations.

SOURCE: Creswell, Educational Research, pg 19.

# data[].attributes.headline
TEAM 2 (Patricio, Ana lucia, Jose Alfredo, Jose Andres)

# data[].attributes.subject
TEAM 2 (Patricio, Ana lucia, Jose Alfredo, Jose Andres)

# data[].attributes.body
The Research Problem
- Practical Research Problems
- Based Research
Page 66
Creswell Educational research

# data[].attributes.body
Qualitative Designs in the Research Process:
-Grounded theory
-Ethnography
-Narrative

Creswell_Educational Research pg. 12

# data[].attributes.body
Research Problems
-Educational issue
-Concerns
- Controversy
-May be presented as a sentence or as several.

1. Practical Research Problems
-Issues or concerns that are found in educational environments.

2. Research based research problem
-Studies the problem
-There are learning gaps.
-The need to extend research into other areas.

Creswell Educational Research Pg.66

# data[].attributes.body
Grounded theory
• Ethnography
• Narrative
Croswell, Educational Research, page 35

# data[].attributes.body
-Practical research problems, comes from issues or concerns found in schools or other educational settings.
-Research-based research problem, "problem" will be based on a need for further research because a gap exists or we need to extend the research into other areas. It might also be based on conflicting evidence in the literature.
(Creswell, Educational Research pg. 66)

# data[].attributes.body
-Collecting numeric data
-Analyzing trends, comparing groups, or relating variables using statistical analysis.
-Creating purpose statements, research questions, and hypotheses that are specifi c,
narrow, measurable, and observable.
Source: Creswell, Educational Research. Pg 13.

# data[].attributes.body
Once you have a research problem, you follow to literature review. Then you divide your research into qualitative or quantitative. If you pick qualitative, there are three qualitative designs. The first one is grounded theory. The second is ethnography. And the third, is narrative. Then you go to the interpretation, analyzing the data. Once you have this, you end up with the discussion, conclusions, limitations, and future research.

There are several Characteristics of Qualitative:
-Exploring a problem and developing a detailed understanding of a central
phenomenon

-Having the literature review play a minor role but justify the problem

-Stating the purpose and research questions in a general and broad way so as to the
participants’ experiences

-Collecting data based on words from a small number of individuals so that the
participants’ views are obtained

-Analyzing the data for description and themes using text analysis and interpreting
the larger meaning of the fi ndings

-Writing the report using fl exible, emerging structures and evaluative criteria, and
including the researchers’ subjective refl exivity and bias

# data[].attributes.body
Explore hypothesis

Semistructured

Flexible to elicit more answers

Largely deductive reasoning

Appreciate contextual variables

Source:
Sullivan, Gail M., and Joan Sargeant. US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of

Health, Dec. 2011,

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3244304/.

# data[].attributes.body
Qualitative research is concerned with phenomena involving quality or kind. For example, investigating human research, discovering underlying motives and desires, how people feel or think.

# data[].attributes.body
Quantitative Characteristics:

-Describing a research problem through a description of trends or a need for an explanation of the relationship among variables.

-Providing a major role for the literature through suggesting the research questions to be asked and justifying the research problem and creating a need for the direction (purpose statement and research questions or hypotheses) of the study.

-Creating purpose statements, research questions, and hypotheses that are specific,
narrow, measurable, and observable.

-Collecting numeric data from a large number of people using instruments with preset questions and responses.

-Analyzing trends, comparing groups, or relating variables using statistical analysis, and interpreting results by comparing them with prior predictions and past research.

-Writing the research report using standard, fixed structures and evaluation criteria, and taking an objective, unbiased approach.
Source: Creswell Educational Research, pg. 36

# data[].attributes.body
Mixed Methods:
- When collecting data you collect both qualitative and quantitative data.
- Using both methods provides us with more information than either method by itself.
- You conduct a mixed methods study when you have both quantitative and qualitative data

Creswell Education

# data[].attributes.body
Confirm hypothesis

Highly structured

Rigidly categorize answers

Largely inductive reasoning (infers general ideas from observations)

Control contextual variables

Source:
Sullivan, Gail M., and Joan Sargeant. US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of

Health, Dec. 2011,

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3244304/.

# data[].attributes.body
Mixed  Methods: The core argument for a mixed methods design is that the combination of both forms of data provides a better understanding of a research problem than either quantitative or qualitative data by itself.

# data[].attributes.body
Practical research problems
"In other research studies the “problem” will be based on a need for further research
because a gap exists or we need to extend the research into other areas.
Source: Creswell Educational Research. page 66

# data[].attributes.body
Exploring a problem and developing a detailed understanding of a central phenomenon

Reviewing the literature

Stating the purpose and research questions in a general and broad way

Collecting data based on words from a small number of individuals

Analyzing the data for description and themes using text analysis and interpreting the larger meaning of the findings

Writing the report using flexible, emerging structures and evaluative criteria, and including the researchers’ subjective reflexivity and bias

Source:

Pg. 13, Educational Research: Planning, Conducting and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research, John W. Creswell

# data[].attributes.body
- Consumer panels: When consumers come and give data on their consumption habits to researchers
- Warranty cards: Small cards given to consumers to get more information about them

Research Methodology, Methods and Techniques Page 106

# data[].attributes.body
Describing a research problem

Collecting numeric data

Writing the research report using, standard, fixed structures and evaluation criteria (unbiased)

Providing a major role for the literature through suggesting the research questions to be asked and justifying the research problem

Creating purpose statements, research questions, and hypotheses

Source:

Pg. 13, Educational Research: Planning, Conducting and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research, John W. Creswell

# data[].attributes.body
Combines both quantitative and qualitative research to gain a deeper understanding of the research results

Page 22, Educational Research: Planning, Conducting and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research, John W. Creswell

# data[].attributes.body
Mixed methods refers to the systematic integration or mixing of quantitative and qualitative data within a single investigation. The main characteristics of a well-designed mixed methods include:

1. Collecting and analyzing both quantitative and qualitative data.

2. Using rigorous procedures in collecting and analyzing data appropriate to each method’s tradition, such as ensuring the appropriate sample size for quantitative and qualitative analysis.

3. Integrating the data during data collection, analysis, or discussion.

4. Using procedures that implement qualitative and quantitative components either concurrently or sequentially, with the same sample or with different samples.

5. Framing the procedures within philosophical or theoretical models of research, such as within a social constructionist model that seeks to understand multiple perspectives on a single issue.

Source:
“Mixed Methods: Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis While Studying Patient-Centered Medical Home Models.” AHRQ - PCMH Resource Center, pcmh.ahrq.gov/page/mixed-methods-integrating-quantitative-and-qualitative-data-collection-and-analysis-while.

# data[].attributes.body
Correlational research is a type of nonexperimental research in which the researcher measures two variables and assesses the statistical relationship between them with little or no effort to control extraneous variables. This researcher might then check to see whether participants’ scores on the brief test are strongly correlated with their scores on the longer one. Neither test score is thought to cause the other, so there is no independent variable to manipulate. A researcher could have participants come to a laboratory to complete a computerized backward digit span task and a computerized risky decision-making task and then assess the relationship between participants’ scores on the two tasks.

Source: https://opentextbc.ca/researchmethods/chapter/correlational-research/

# data[].attributes.body
Action research designs: Combines both quantitative and qualitative research to gain a deeper understanding of the research results, but focuses more on the procedures and is used most often by teachers and educators.

Source: Page 22, Educational Research: Planning, Conducting and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research, John W. Creswell