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What is the connection between Canada's current child welfare system (2018) and the residential school system (1900s) / sixties scoop (1960-90s)?

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What is the connection between Canada's current child welfare system (2018) and the residential school system (1900s) / sixties scoop (1960-90s)?

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People who have lived through and survived the residential school system are still very much affeccted to this day. Lack of therapy or healing of any sorts means an epidemic of drug abuse, alcohool abuse, and other naughty things that these people do to cope. Unprotected sex, give these people children before being healed, and so these kid's live through more domestic pain, who have kids and the cycle continues. What Canada's welfare system ended up doing was repeat the sixties scoop in that they took kids away from their family's and refreshed the pain.

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Document 6B: Indigenous people and local authorities

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Document 6B: Indigenous people and local authorities

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Val D'Or was a place having received many complaints from women claiming to have been sexually assaulted by police officers. They want to inquiry to be there to show that action is being taken and to reassure victims that problems will be fixed.

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Document 6A: Indigenous people and local authorities

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Document 6A: Indigenous people and local authorities

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The biggest reason why these communities distrust police is the bad reputation several officers have created for themselves. Many Indigenous victims recall overly strict inquiries from police asking them for ID and inspection, sometimes alongside aggression. As well as this, national inquiries concerning missing and murdered Indigenous women are often under-investigated, giving them an even worse reputation.

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The policies in the child welfare system were questioned when a mother went as far as to attempt to birth her child at home rather than at the hospital. By going there she risks to lose her child again to a foster home, so the authorities met up to reform the system

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Looking at the statistics, the AIM project seemed like a great initiative, as more Indigenous children were being adopted and cared for.
The "cultural genoc!de" references the progressive assimilation of Indigenous children and loss of their culture. Most families that these kids joined were white and had no grasp of Indigenous culture, so the child is slowly taught a culture different of his/her origin. Because of this, today, there are many less Indigenous people practicing or maintaining their own culture.

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Guiding Question:  Why did this Inquiry take place in Val D'or specifically, and how will this Inquiry help repair the relationship between the Val D'or Indigenous community and police, correctional, and child welfare services?
NOTES:
-they are trying to prevent or eliminate all forms of violence, discriminatory practices and different treatment in providing public services to Indigenous people.
- analyze the situation over the last 15 years
-health and social services, youth protection, corrections, policing and justice services
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Guiding Question:  Explain the root cause of Indigenous community's mistrust of police services.
NOTES:
-When a woman or any member of the community goes missing the police under-investigate and close the investigation early because they classify their case as if they aren't as important.

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Guiding Question: Why was there a 2 -day "emergency meeting" in Ottawa between Indigenous leaders and child welfare officials from the government?  Explain the crisis that brought about this meeting.
NOTES:
An Indigenous woman, at the age of 41, decided that she was going to give birth to her second child in secret due to her traumatic experience with her first born two years prior with the child welfare care. She said she felt as though they wouldn't let her leave with her baby and no mother should feels this way.

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Guiding Question 1:  Why did the Saskatchewan Social Services department think that the A.I.M program was effective and just?
Guiding Question 2:  Why does the Saskatchewan Native Women's Association think that the A.I.M. program was part of a process of cultural 🤬?
NOTES:
-They assumed they were taking the children out of a hostile, unsafe environment to give them a second chance in the real world where they could grow up in a nice family.
-They thought it was cultural 🤬 since the government didnt understand that the reserves aren't bad and that were taking away the children from their homes. The women most likely saw this as an act against their culture and saw it as a way to slowly get rid of it.

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Guiding Question 1:  Explain the opinion of those people who oppose the National Inquiry into Murdered and Missing Indigenous Women.
Guiding Question 2:   Explain the opinion of the writer of this editorial, Chelsea Vowel, about the National Inquiry in MMIW.
NOTES:
-The government wants to put aside all the talk about indigenous communities becasue of money and are using the ones who care as an excuse to. For example they say that the more people ask for inquiries the longer they have have to wait before putting a plan into action
-Chelsea is pro indigenous justice and is trying extremely hard for her voice to be heard by others who care as well to form an alliance against the government.

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Indigenous women is from individuals who do not feel it is worth "wasting" time on such a thing. They typically believe that an Indigenous problem should stay Indigenous, and that it's their fault if their in that situation in the first place.
She clearly wants action to be taken, but believes that the decision between inquiry and action is a false dilemma, that the government can do both. In addition, while people debate over this, nothing advances and more women are lost in the process.

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Document 8: An article on mental health and 🤬 prevention in Nunavut

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Document 8: An article on mental health and 🤬 prevention in Nunavut

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Guiding question: This artitcle proves that education is making changes to concrete problems in indigenous communities because it shows the fact that schools in Nunavut are hiring more counselors and teachers are making changes to accomodate their struggling students.

NOTES:
- 🤬 rate in Nunvavut decreased since 2014
-  More effective 🤬 prevention efforts
- Adequate funding for mental health
- Every community now has mental health staff
- Number of councelors has increased
- Substance abuse is being handled
- Mental-health problems might stem from abrupt transition to community life and government control
- Intergenerational trauma

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Document 5b :What are some facts about the sixties scoop

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Document 5b :What are some facts about the sixties scoop

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-Thousands of Indigenous kids we're taken away and placed in white homes
-some were sent all the way to the U.K
-it lasted around 20 years!!
-The end goal was to assimliate indigineous kids, but all it reallly did was scar them mentally and induce trauma( Inter-generational trauma)

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- Indigenous people are over represented in foster care
-Many First Nations are interested in managing child welfare themselves
-Not enough funding going towards education and housing
The connection between the residential schools and the sixties scoop and the child welfare system now is that both are creating essentially the same consequences. Both cause Indigenous people to be away from their family, language, culture and people.

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Doc 5c on the reunion of an Indigenous family

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Doc 5c on the reunion of an Indigenous family

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-they were never asked if they wanted to be seperated
- the eldest sister was the one who found them
-the brother is nervous
As soon as the eldest sees her brother at the airport she hugs him right away for a very long time and they start crying. As soon as the other sister and the next one comes they have the same reaction of hugging and crying. They are feeling pure joy. They can not stop hugging each other. They start the night by wearing matching sweaters and continue by taking pictures and bonding with laughter.

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Doc 5b on surprising details of the sixties scoop

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Doc 5b on surprising details of the sixties scoop

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-Adopt Indian and metis (AIM) was an organisation for white people to adopt Indigenous children
-the scoop started before the sixties and went on till the eighties around

Some surprising details of the sixties scoop
-single mothers were sometimes persuaded to give up their children
-Many used the scoop to assimilate
-children were often removed from their already loving family

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The sixties scoop is when Indigenous children were taken by child-welfare service workers from their home and put in mostly non-Indigenous families sometimes in other provinces or the states even.
-the sixties scoop and residential schools affected some Indigenous parenting and the success of many families
-the sixties scoop is not as popular as residential schools and most affected by it did not get the apology by the government they deserve
-survivors of the sixties scoop are suing the government for his wrongdoings
-the survivors suffered a great loss of their cultural identity
The sixties scoop and residential schools both greatly affected Indigenous people and both caused them to loose their language and culture. They both relate to intergenerational trauma because these events cause the intergenerational trauma by traumatising parents that transmit that to the children or by continuing the already cicle of abuse and mistreatment which continues that trauma.

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NOTES:
- indigenous women sexually abusedand mistreated by police officers
- recommend measures to be implemented by the government and the indigenous leaders
prevent or eliminate violence
- new situations and problems every week

This inquiry took place in Val d'Or specifically because there have been indigenous women that complained of sexual and physical assaults by police officers and they were also mistreated by them. This inquiry will help repair the relationships with the communities because the indigenous people will feel like their message has been heard. They now know that the government is trying to fix what is going on in the streets and they're finding solutions.

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Doc 4 on the horrible impacts of residential schools

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Doc 4 on the horrible impacts of residential schools

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-4 survivors experiences while at residential schools
-they were abused
- One of the survivors recieved money as a settlement from the Catholic church but he says that no amount of money can justify making him lose his language and culture and that it was a slap in the face
- therapists do not necessarily understand what they are going through
- One survivor finds that telling his story helps him heal a little more every time
The impact of the "residential school settlement agreement" was that many Indigenous people were left unsatisfied with the efforts. Many survivors did not receive money that could have been used for organisations to help Indigenous youth, but even those who did find it a bribe and that nothing will erase their horrible experience at residential schools because of the abuse there and them loosing their language and culture there too.

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Guiding Question:  According to this editorial writer, what was the real crime associated with Tina Fontaine?
NOTES:
-She was murdered
-Lived on streets at 15
-her body was pulled from the Red River in 2014, it was wrapped in a duvet cover and weighted down with rocks
-her mother suffered from alcoholism and her father was beaten to death in 2011

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-learned about Chanie by article
-Chanies voice speaks to Boyden
-Chanie represents so amny of the youth that was lost
-Gord moved the dialogue on Indigemous people
-Canada not a country yet until truth and reconciliation
-siblings cound not talk to each other in residential schools
According to Boyden, residential schools are the main cause of Intergenerational trauma because of the many years that this went on and the abuse they received in there.

Boyden chose the animals because he needed characters who had a bigger view of the world and Chanie is a little boy.He started with an omnisiant voice and then it transformed in a crow or owl almost as if the animal were choosing.

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Guiding Question 1:   What was the impact of the Tina Fontaine case on Canada?
Guiding Question 2:  What was the police response to Tina's disappearance?

*documentary isnt available on youtube*

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Document 6a on mistrust of police services

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Document 6a on mistrust of police services

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NOTES:
- racism and sexism
- under-investigation of indigenous deaths and disappearances
- police use force against indigenous people (assaults and physical abuse)
- unnecessarily stopping black or indigenous people
- youth being stopped

The indigenous community's mistrust of the police services mainly comes from racism and sexism. Police officers all over Canada are doubting innocent people on the street just because of their looks and skin color. False accusations will be made, unnecessary stopping of indigenous people will happen, and these are just a few examples of what is going on out there. Also, the police will under-investigate indigenous deaths and disappearances just because of all the prejudice and stereotypes they have against them. These officers have an image of these communities and will not do anything else than assume what they're doing is wrong.

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Guiding Question: According to Mary Tagee, why is this issue a "Canadian issue", and not only an aboriginal issue?
It is a canadian issue since we as a community are standing by and letting this happen to our natives. She is saying that in order to make a change it can't just be funds from the government, it has to be the will of the poeple to make things right.

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Guiding Question 1:  According to Carolyn Bennett, why are the RCMP's estimates about murdered and missing aboriginal girls not considered to be accurate?
Guiding Question 2:  Why is the Highway of Tears a "serious test for PM Trudeau as he treis to repair the country's relationship with aboriginal peoples"?
NOTES:
-their lives mattered less
-uneven application of justice
- police often immediately deemed the women’s deaths to be suicides, drug overdoses or accidents, over the protests of relatives who suspected foul play
- improve safety along Highway 16, including funds for traffic cameras and vehicles for indigenous communities

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NOTES:
-Lots of Indigenous women go missing every year due to police bruatlity, residential school, runaways, suicidea, ect...

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NOTES:
-Highway 16
-Highway of tears
-Aboriginls go missing

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Guiding question: Aside from the issue of police brutality highlighted in the above song by A Tribe Called Red, what are the OTHER problems in the justice system that cause Indigenous people to mistrust the courts and the prisons so much?
NOTES:
-More aboriginals in jails
-Systemic racism and serious crisis
-aboriginal youth are treated more harshly
-high 🤬 rates
-poverty, drug abuse, the legacy of residential schools.

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Doc 3c on artists efforts to bring awareness on Indigenous issues

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Doc 3c on artists efforts to bring awareness on Indigenous issues

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-Chanie Wenjack ran away from his residential school with two friends to go home to his family and two dogs
-He died trying to get home because of the cold weather
-Mike Downie is the one who introduced Gord to the article about Chanie and then he gave it to Boyden to check out
-The story spoke to him
-Artists and them planned on releasing a bunch of artistic pieces on the 50th anniversary of his passing
-They wanted to create a ripple effect and bring awareness to Indigenous issues
The efforts of all those artists was to release their pieces all on or close to Chanie's 50th anniversary of his passing to educate people on Indigenous issues and they used Chanie to represent the thousands that lived the same fate. These artist are exposing the truth and not keeping any secrets to stop Canada's haunted house.

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NOTES:
- over representation of indigenous children in foster care
- reforms to the foster care system

The two-day meeting took place in Ottawa to put in place some new reforms to the foster care system. The government has realized that this is an issue that needs to be fixed and the over representation of indigenous children in foster care is no good news. The crisis that brought about this meeting was in fact this over representation. Indigenous children make up almost half of the children placed in foster care in Canada. In Manitoba, 90% of children in foster care are indigenous. The government has finally woken up and has started to make decisions to fix this problem.

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Document 7: A video and news article on the REDdress movement and the artwork it inspired.

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Document 7: A video and news article on the REDdress movement and the artwork it inspired.

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Guiding question: Guiding question: The role of these artists is to keep the issue on people's minds by presenting them to us visually to keep them alive. The REDdress movement and McCue's work to raise awareness for missing indigenous women really helps spread the message about the issue and not let it be forgotten.
Notes:
- Artist Terry McCue has made multiple paintings for the missing indigenous women and children who had bright futures
- All the women are wearing red dresses.
- For this to go on, a lot of people had to ignore the problem
- All of his paintings are all about interrupted stories that will never be told because someone murded these women.
- Jaime Black started the REDdress movement

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Document 6b: An interview with Wab Kinew

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Document 6b: An interview with Wab Kinew

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Guiding question: Wab Kinew understands the movement completely on the level of the heart, but not intellectually. He supports the fact that she is a mother standing up for her kids and everyone's kids. However, it would never work on a political level.
NOTES:
-  Wab Kinew is a hip-hop artist, journalist and writer.
- Positive perception from the non-native
community is important
- People who fear indigenous rights are scared and uncertain that they're be worse off
- Wab Kinew that Prime Minister Harper is very engaged in the issue
- Treaty Chiefs boycotted a meeting with the Prime Minister
- The chiefs want economical developpement

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Document 5a                                the sixties scoop/ how does it relate to residential schools and inter-generational trauma?

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Document 5a                                the sixties scoop/ how does it relate to residential schools and inter-generational trauma?

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The sxities scoop was a period of time (between 1960 and 1980) where kids were taken away from their homes  and sent to foster homes in the USA, U.K and other provinces, this process is extremely similar to residential schools and how kids were taken away from their homes. They are connected by the fact that both are attempts by the federal governement to assimilate indigineous kids.

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wHAT WAS the sixties scoop/ how does it relate to residential schools and inter-generational trauma?
The sxities scoop was a period of time (between 1960 and 1980) where kids were taken away from their homes  and sent to foster homes in the USA, U.K and other provinces, this process is extremely similar to residential schools and how kids were taken away from their homes. They are connected by the fact that both are attempts by the federal governement to assimilate indigineous kids.

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wHAT WAS the sixties scoop/ how does it relate to residential schools and inter-generational trauma?
The sxities scoop was a period of time (between 1960 and 1980) where kids were taken away from their homes  and sent to foster homes in the USA, U.K and other provinces, this process is extremely similar to residential schools and how kids were taken away from their homes. They are connected by the fact that both are attempts by the federal governement to assimilate indigineous kids.

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Document 6a: a news article on the Idle No More movement

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Document 6a: a news article on the Idle No More movement

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Guiding question: The Idle No More protest targeted the issue of Bill C-45, a bill introduced by the Harper government that made changes to the Indian Act and other acts regarding indigenous communties without consulting them first. They also targeted the issue of the standard living conditions in and the housing crisis in Attawapiskat.
NOTES:
- Idle No More has gained more attention through social media
- Theresa Spence, chief of the Attawapiskat First Nation concluded a six week hunger strike and gained attention for it
- Theresa's goal was to meet with Stephen Harper to discuss living conditions on the reserves
- Stop the government laws that will further limit indigenous rights
- Idle No More started because of B C-45
- Lack of consultation with indigenous peoples
- Idle No More uses twitter to spread information about the movement

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Document 5c: A short film called Headdress

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Document 5c: A short film called Headdress

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Guiding question: She's terrified and excited about this film because to her, the headdress is a symbol of leadership that should be earned. Therefore, even though she is excited to recreate her grand-father's honorable portrait, she doesn't feel like she deserves to be wearing the headdress.
NOTES:
- JJ Neepin is a filmmaker in Winnipeg
- The headdress is a symbol of leadership
- Her great-grandfather and father were both a Chief
- She's recreating her great-gandfather's portrait
- Just because she's native, doesn't make if okay for her to put on a headdress
- She felt a lot of responsiblity while wearing the headdress

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Document 5b: a blog post on people wearing headdresses as fashion statements. 

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Document 5b: a blog post on people wearing headdresses as fashion statements. 

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Guiding question: It is offensive to wear Native American headdresses because it reinforces stereotypes about Native people, and it is a perfect example of cultural appropriation. A headdress is supposed to be worn by a Native elder who has earned the right to wear one. By wearing a headdress to something like a music festival, people are taking away the value of this honorable cultural aspect and showing no regard for Native traditions.
NOTES:
- Cultural appropriation
- They shoudn't wear them to music festivals or on Halloween
- Adrienne Keene founded the Native Appropriations blog
- People at Cochella were wearing native american headdresses and got very negative responses on social media
- There are ways to way wear Native designs without being offensive

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DOCUMENT 4                        After reading these case studies, the impact of the "residential school settlement agreement" offered by the Catholic Church is clear:

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DOCUMENT 4                        After reading these case studies, the impact of the "residential school settlement agreement" offered by the Catholic Church is clear:

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It did close to nothing to heal the wounds of people's mental health. On one end, they got a small amount of money, but it didn't seem genuine to Indigenous community's, it felt more like « we did something to help get off our case » to them. People need to go see therapist and get help, but proffesionnal's don't really seem to understand their struggle, as noted by one of the case studies, alot of them work in residential schools giving tours, a job that lets them tell their story to people, one man noted «"People always ask me why I'm so happy," he said. "So I say, 'Every time I go and tell my story to people, I get healed a little bit.' That's how I'm healing, I guess you could say. »

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NOTES:
- the minister of welfare said that the number of indigenous children in care had been growing by 180 per year
- reduce the possibility of prejudice
- way to offset a decrease in "typical adoptions"
Q1: The Saskatchewan Social Services departments thinks that the A.I.M program is effective because the number of metis children adopted was increasing. The ads they were putting on tv showed images of happy kids, and these were very effective.

Q2: They thought it was part of a process of cultural assimilation because these children were taken from their home and brought into families from different cultures as theirs. The houses they were brought in were in majority white families, so the indigenous children would enter these homes not knowing anything about their culture, but then slowly losing their own culture and taught a whole different way of life as they were born in. They forgot all they knew about their original culture and instead learned how to live in a whole different world.

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NOTES:
- government gets hostile to the idea of an inquiry
- they've done almost nothing to investigate in these causes
Q1: People who oppose in the national inquiry of MMIW are simply not bothered to care for these issues or just don't want to know more, because they think that they are superior to these women. They say that it's the fault of indigenous peoples that this is happening because they didn't overcome colonialism and systemic racism. They are absolutely not bothered by this issue.

NOTES:
- inquiry and actions should be done
- money should be put into inquiries
- the government has a lot of money put somewhere, but not being used for nothing
Q2: The writer thinks that, obviously, not enough inquiry is being doe for these women. The government is doing almost nothing for them and the next missing and murdered women will be victims because of them, because nothing was done to try to help this issue. She also thinks that there shouldn't be a debate on whether we should inquire or take action, but that we should do both, because indigenous lives matter.

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Document 5a: What is cultural appropriation and why is a problem?

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Document 5a: What is cultural appropriation and why is a problem?

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Cultural appropriation is a concept that deals with members of a dominant culture adopting aspects of a minority culture, usually one that is experiencing opressing, without knowing the meaning behind these aspects.

First of all, cultural appropriation is a huge problem, because when a dominant culture ''borrows'' aspects of a minorty culture, it robs the minority group of the credit they deserve. Therefore, the dominant group gains power and money off the cultural aspects of a group that is already opressed.

Second of all, these minority groups are greatly disadvanted by this concept because it only helps common negative steoreotypes surrounding their culture gain popularity.

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Document 4c: A podcast with Shelley Niro 

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Document 4c: A podcast with Shelley Niro 

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Guiding question: She thinks the portrayal of modern indigenous life hasn't changed that much over the years. She uses the examples of the news reports on the living conditions in Sandy Bay or the babies covered in scabs. The government hasn't done much themselves and is blaming everything else such as the water they're drinking.
NOTES:
- For Shelley, the published art book is the real prize
- The people doing making stuff like rattles and bead-work with their hands on the reserve inspired her to become a visual artist
- She believes there is a lot of nation-shaming, which is the reason behind her piece Mohawks and Beehives
- Great response to Mohawks and Beehives
- Her work is very funny, an example would be the film The Shirt

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Raymond Cormier's trial had not revealed nearly as much information as anyone would have liked, but it shouldn't have to matter. Tina's m-urder was tragic, yes, but according to the editor, the true tragedy was the lack of care and attention she got. If people around, like authorities, paid more attention to even a simple girl, these crimes could be prevented altogether.

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While Indigenous activism had forever been present in Canada, it was Tina's death that truly mobilised these people and many more to fight for their safety and justice. At the price of her martyr came awareness in Canada for these problems surrounding Aboriginal women.
According to Tina's family, who had called in after realising Tina had gone missing, the officer dismissed them, as he was sure that she was just drunk and bound to be back home in a day or two. This, of course, wasn't the case, and matched with a common stereotype surrounding their people that they are alcoholics.

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While a vast majority of the victims on the Highway of Tears are of Aboriginal descent, some non-Aboriginal women were also affected by this. The incidents on the Highway of Tears, according to Mary Tagee, symbolize the flawed relationship between the community of the victims and the local authorities. Simply put, there's a huge lack of cooperation, not just from the locals, but from the provincial and federal authorities as well, regardless of the frightening amount of tragedies that are linked together. This is why everyone in Canada is somehow involved.

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3.a
How does the telling of the Chanie Wenjack story through this novella help expose the reality of intergenerational trauma?
The novella that Joseph boyden wrote helps to expose the truth of residential schools by really examplifing it. We hear all the time that «horible» things where happening up there, but having a real life heartbreaking example really hits home, much stronger than anything.
3b   How does Camp Onakawana help heal the wounds of intergenerational trauma?
It helps by re-connecting the youth with their birthright, notably the land. it also teaches them that they are valuable assets to the creation of Canada, basically it makes them value themselves more, something necesarry with the rising 🤬 epidemic.

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Document 4b: An article on Shelley Niro, winner of the Scotiabank award. 

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Document 4b: An article on Shelley Niro, winner of the Scotiabank award. 

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Guiding question: The message behind The Shirt is that European settlers were horrible to indigenous people and to this day, they still haven't fully recognized it or done much to earn their forgiveness.
NOTES:
- Shelley's work has engaged the presence and conspicuous absense of First Nations people in the united states.
-  She won the 2017 Scotiabank Photography award, which carried a 50,000$ prize.
-  She is  a member if the Six Nations reserve
- She was also among the winners of the Governor General's Awards in Visual and Media arts.
- Uses her quiety absurd sense of humour to  spread the word about First Nations peoples.
- One of her famous videos is The Shirt

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Document 4a: A video on Shelley Niro, a visual artist

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Document 4a: A video on Shelley Niro, a visual artist

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Guiding question: She chooses to use photography and film because she enjoys showing her art to the communities and seeing their reactions. She especially loves the little girls' reactions who come u to her and they wanna be part of it.
NOTES:
- Shelley Niro is an indigenous artist
- She lived on the reserve
- Felt like she was surrounded by artists
- She made a piece on the same sight as the residential school
- She puts her family such as her sisters in her films
- She enjoys showing her films to the communities and seeing the people`s reaction

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Guiding question: What was the cause AND effect of the unlawful shooting of woodcarver, John T Williams, by officer Ian Birk of the Seattle Police Force?
NOTES:
-cause: Birk saw Williams with a knife and assumed he would hurt someone
-effect: this hurt the indigenous community, the police force reputation
-Pole raising ceremony in honour of the deceased Williams

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According to this writer, the real cause of Tina's death was the society not taking care of her. She lived in poverty her whole life, living in the streets at the age of only 15. She had no help from others and no family to surround and support her. Her mother suffered from alcoholism and her father was beaten to death in 2011. So really, Tina had nowhere to go and no support, so to the writer, the real cause of her death was the society not taking care of her.

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Most authorities do not dwell on missing Aboriginal affairs and often jump to a simpler conclusion that the victims either died to drug overdose, suic!de or a simple accident. These claims cannot be backed up, however, as the files for these cases are often scarce or non-existing.
If Trudeau is to fix the severed connection between Canadians and Aboriginals, he will inevitably have to face the Highway of Tears, as it represents one of the community's biggest problems: missing aboriginal women.

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Document 2: First Nations and the Justice System

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Document 2: First Nations and the Justice System

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The most obvious problem concerning the system is the gross over representation of First Nations in jail or similar containment centers. Many statistics confirm that these people occupy way more space in custody than their population proportion would suggest. Reasons for this over representation are not clear, but desperation for resources and sometimes racism from the authorities are some of the main causes. Many of the inmates were at some point homeless and/or in foster homes after being separated from their families.

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Doc 3b Video about the Mohawk immersion school, Karihwanoron

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Doc 3b Video about the Mohawk immersion school, Karihwanoron

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NOTES:
- Karihwanoron is the only Mohawk program in Quebec that teaches into the 6th grade
- Might be their last year at school
- Founder of Karihwanoron: Went to residential schools
wasnt allowed to speak the language
- Started off as 6 in a class, now has up to 35 students
- The school is not adequately funded
- The community participates in their events, to support them financially
- The government needs to reconcile for what they did
- The government needs to take responsibility and fund the school to help keep their language alive
- The school doesn't get adequate funding

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John T. Williams was shot and killed by a police officer for being seen holding a carving knife. He supposedly had no way to defend himself as he was shot four times from behind by former officer Ian Burk. This caused an outrage in the indigenous community, but ultimately turned into a celebration of hope for equality when a totem pole in honor of the woodcarver was carried a whole mile and a half, to then be installed in Seattle.

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While the video's mood inclines more towards the tragic and nostalgic, the aboriginal shouting can allude to a sort of anger from the Indigenous community caused from this injustice. The sadness is conveyed trough the distorted audio clips from news reports recounting John T Williams' tragic death at the hands of former police officer Ian Burk. In addition, while this is more of a stretch, the looping video can symbolise a sort of endless cycle, that of injustice and hopelessness.

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Doc 2 A news article on indigenous activsist in Toronto 

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Doc 2 A news article on indigenous activsist in Toronto 

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Guding Question:  They are treating one another with a recognition of rights, respect and co-operation and the third, self-determination. They want canadians to learn from their mistakes and from the misguided policies of the past.
NOTES:
- indigenous activists waiting outiside the gates of the toronto museum
- Idle no More, honor indigenous sovereignty
- government hasn't been doing much for the past 150 years
- Canadians must know the dark annals of the country

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- Many women, most of them indigenous, were either found murdered or disappeared near highway 16 in British-Columbia.

- Families complaining of racism and sexism from the police
- Police treating the cases of missing and dead women as if their lives matter less

- Police assume the causes of the deaths are drug overdoses, suicides or accidents

Q1 : According to Carolyn Bennett, the RCMP's estimates are not accurate because as soon as an indigenous body has bee found, the police immediately assumes that the causes of the deaths will be drug overdoses, suicides or accidents. Because of these assumptions, the police doesn't investigate in the deaths that could possibly be murders.

Q2 : If the aboriginal communities see that PM Trudeau is doing something about this issue and is actually trying to fix it, they will finally feel and know that they are being heard and that they are not unknown to the rest of the country. Then, because PM Trudeau will be working with these communities, it will show our community that indigenous people are not who we think they are. So this tests PM Trudeau to see if he is able to bring our communities together.

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Doc 3a and 3b on Boyden's actions to help Indigenous people

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Doc 3a and 3b on Boyden's actions to help Indigenous people

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-Chanie Wenjack one of the many Indigenous children who suffered and died because of residential schools.
-Gord Downie's brother who gave an article on Chanie to Gord then gave it for Joseph Boyden to take a look at
-Joseph Boyden says that Chanie chose him and not the other way around
-Residential schools had abuse, malnutrition,..
The telling of the story of Chanie Wenjack opens the eyes of many by reading the horrors of what he was going through. This helps showing intergenerational trauma that Chanie faces and how not only his parents were treated horribly but him too going on generation to generation.

-Chanie Wenjack just wanted to go home and died trying
-Chanie was forced to go to a residential school where they tried to change him completely and was not allowed to speak his language and many other things
-The truth is importsnt in order to move forward as a nation
-huge 🤬 rates for Indigenous people
-camp Onakawana brings Indigenous youth to a safe environment to learn new skills and have fun
-the camp lets them reclaim their land
The camp helps Indegenous people .reconnect with their land and their customs and to be proud of their roots in a safe environment. They do many activities related to their roots and even have an history class taught by Boyden to teach them to be proud of who they are. They are even taught how to make moccasins. This camp is a great example of a camp that helps with intergenerational trauma because by accepting who they are, they are no longer ashamed of themselves and know it is not their fault for their horrible conditions.

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Doc 3a A news article on a Mohawk School

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Doc 3a A news article on a Mohawk School

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Guiding question: She made the film because she wanted to document this compelling story , and if people know about the culture and the atrocities that were inflicted upon our indigenous communities , the reconciliation process will begin faster.
NOTES:
- endagered language
- great grandma was a in residenrtial schools
-a plan for the future
reclaim the language
Mohawk language
- not every canadian is aware of the atrocities inflicted on indigenous people

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Indigenous people are over represented in prisons. They are given harsher sentences and the younger people are being carefully watched by the police. Some reasons for this might be that they are not seen as everyone else is; they live in poorer neighborhoods, they don't have the same education level, etc. These stereotypes cause indigenous people to be more prone to police arrests.

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Document 1b on the shooting of the woodcarver

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Document 1b on the shooting of the woodcarver

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The cause of the shooting was when officer Ian Birk saw a woodcarver carrying a knife. The officer mistakenly thought he was carrying it as a weapon, so instantly took out his gun and shot him.

The effect of this mistake was, obviously, rage from the family and the indigenous community. Although, this act brought the family and community to fight for peace, and not revenge.

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Doc 2 on the effects of Intergenerational trauma

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Doc 2 on the effects of Intergenerational trauma

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Intergenerational trauma is when the trauma within a family is passed and experienced in some form down from generation to generation because their experience was very traumatizing and they did not have a chance to address that issue and get the professional help they need.
Consequences:
- depression and anxiety and other consequences like family violence, suicidal and homicidal thoughts and addictions.
Why?
they're having a hard time with remembering the pain they experienced in the past or are trying to survive a bad situation now.

-Residential schools caused Intergenerational trauma that effected a generation because it wasn't just done to an individual.

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The mood of the video is more of a depressing, nostalgic vibe. We can feel the importance of this issue through their images and videos. A Tribe Called Red used many techniques, one being using a voice over of a woman speaking about the shooting and it really brings up emotions to the viewers.

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Doc 1a + 1b on song "How I feel" by A tribe called Red

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Doc 1a + 1b on song "How I feel" by A tribe called Red

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Another part of the song that makes reference to the intergenerational trauma that Indigenous people face is the following: "Well, it's the type of heartbreak that takes more than tears and time to stitch up. And heal wounds and heal the scars that leave behind." This is referring to the fact that the mistreatment they faced does not heal with only time and that we must do something other than just sit around.

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Guiding question 1: The movement is raising awareness for what happened to our indigenous communities.
Guiding question 2: To create a safe space for indigenous people through music, and to let them know that people care and want to earn their forgiveness.
NOTES:
- A Tribe Called Red makes music to raise awareness for indigenous people
- People from isolated communities said the party helped them.
- Wanted to give back to indigenous communities
- Sparks the conversation about reconciliation
- Wants to see action before getting into it

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I chose Project 3: Indigenous People and the Justice System

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I chose Project 3: Indigenous People and the Justice System

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Our first class discussion was about A Tribe Called Red song called "How I feel" (released in 2016)
They make references to the injustice Aboriginal people face in the justice system. For example, the lyrics "I've seen this country decline, Try to keep the discussions confined" refer to how Indigenous people and the rest of Canadian society are divided (this can be seen as decline due to lack of cooperation) and how very few people are trying to solve the problems Aboriginals have.

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I CHOOSE YOU PROJECT 1 ABOUT Intergenerational Trauma

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I CHOOSE YOU PROJECT 1 ABOUT Intergenerational Trauma

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OUR FIRST CLASS DISCUSSION WAS ABOUT A TRIBE CALLED RED SONG « How I Feel» (released in 206)

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I chose to do project 2 on indigenous activism through education and arts. 

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I chose to do project 2 on indigenous activism through education and arts. 

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Our first class discussion was about a tribe called red song called ''How I Feel'' (released in 2016). This song that make references to indigenous people's inter-generational trauma and their injustices faced in the justice system is a perfect example of indigenous activism through art.

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I chose to do Project 3 on indigenous people and the justice system

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I chose to do Project 3 on indigenous people and the justice system

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Our first class discussion was about A tribe Called Red song called "How I feel" (released in 2016)
They make reference to the injustice that indigenous people face throughout the years. For example, "Government's been scooping babies", these lyrics represent the injustice that these people lived, saying that they were taking children from their families to bring them to residential schools.

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I chose to do Project 3 on the Indigenous people and the justice system

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I chose to do Project 3 on the Indigenous people and the justice system

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I chose to do Project 1 on Intergenerational trauma

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I chose to do Project 1 on Intergenerational trauma

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Our first class discussion was about A tribe called Red's song "How I feel" (released in 2016)

They make reference to the trauma that Indigenous people face from intergenerational trauma. For example, "Stabbing at the heart through the backs of our grandfathers" shows that the wounds done to their ancestors still touches them.

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Doc 5a + 5b + 5c on living conditions in the  North

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Doc 5a + 5b + 5c on living conditions in the  North

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Final Group Production:   What does Truth and Reconciliation mean to us?

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Final Group Production:   What does Truth and Reconciliation mean to us?

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Project 3:  Indigenous People and the Justice System

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Project 3:  Indigenous People and the Justice System

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Reading and Viewing Package #4
https://padlet.com/crooksj/trprojectjustice

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Project 2:  Indigenous Activism through education and the Arts 

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Project 2:  Indigenous Activism through education and the Arts 

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Reading and Viewing Package #3:
https://padlet.com/crooksj/trprojectactivism

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Reading and Viewing Package 2:
https://padlet.com/crooksj/trprojecttrauma

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An Introduction to Living Conditions in the North

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An Introduction to Living Conditions in the North

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Reading and Viewing Package 1:
https://padlet.com/crooksj/trprojectintro

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Our Prior Knowledge on Indigenous Canadians

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Our Prior Knowledge on Indigenous Canadians