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Eutrochium maculatum

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Likes to grow in...

- Full sun
- Partial shade
- Rich soil
- Moist soil
- It comes into its own in late summer/early fall
- Some grow along the roadside
- Prefers moist conditions of wetlands and marsh-like habitats

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Solidago

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These plants only live a few seasons but immediately reseed themselves.

They like to grow in poor, dry soils. But, grey goldenrods like to grow in sandy soils.

In richer flower border soil, grey goldenrod may not reseed dependably.

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These plants are very import to many insects, birds and animals that are responsible for pollenating.

They are a PRODUCER in the food chain. Many species are attracted to this plant to...

- Drink Nectar
- Collect Pollen
- Nibble on the leaves and stems
- Prey on other insects
- Lay eggs

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Goldenrod is native to North America. However, a few species grow in Europe and Asia.

Most of them are hardy from USDA Zones 4-7.

Some will definitely prove hardy farther South as they are planted more widely.

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1) https://www.britannica.com/plant/goldenrod
2) https://garden.org/learn/articles/view/241/#
3) https://www.staugustine.com/living/garden/2016-09-10/blooming-goldenrod-means-fall-just-around-corner#:~:text=Goldenrod%20is%20very%20important%20to,other%20insects%20or%20lay%20eggs.

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They are home to many species:

- Butterflies
- Moths
- Bees
- Flies

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Eastern and Central North America

Native to Nova Scotia south to the mountains of North Carolina and from Nebraska --> British Columbia

Able to grow in USDA zones 2-9

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1)
https://www.thespruce.com/joe-pye-weed-eupatorium-purpureum-1402848

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Mytilus edulis

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They are cultivated at mussel  farms

They should be in a far part in the shore

They should also be in a very clean part of the sea with the right type of sea currents

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Mussels feed on plankton that they filter from the water.

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Mussels live in the intertidal zone

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1)
https://www.fonda.si/en/health/mussels#:~:text=In%20nature%2C%20mussels%20live%20in,live%20in%20highly%20controlled%20conditions.

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Mentha

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They thrive in light soil with good drainage

Most will tolerate some shade and the variegated types require protection from direct sunlight

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If planted in a sunny living space it is best for production of essential oils (but, it does need some partial shade)

It has medicinal and aromatic value

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They are Native to...

- Eurasia
- North America
- Southern Africa
- Australia

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1)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/mentha1)
https://www.britannica.com/plant/Mentha
2)
https://www.almanac.com/plant/mint#:~:text=Mints%20are%20vigorous%20perennials%20that,some%20protection%20from%20direct%20sun.
3) http://temperate.theferns.info/plant/Mentha+aquatica
4)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/mentha

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Iris versicolor

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An ideal plant for edges of ponds, streams or retention area

The bright yellow blooms that appear in late spring and early summer

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These flowers are cross pollinated by bumblebees and long horned bees

Butterflies and skippers visit the flowers, but, they are less effective at cross-pollination

Insects suck nectar from the flowers, but, some bees like to collect the pollen

Mammalian herbivores rarely eat this plant because the foliage and rootstocks are somewhat toxic. causing irritation of the gastrointestinal tract.

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Native to Florida

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1)
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/bulbs/iris/yellow-flag-iris-control.htm
2)
https://gardeningsolutions.ifas.ufl.edu/plants/ornamentals/blue-flag-iris.html#:~:text=Blue%20flag%20iris%20is%20an,garden%20soils%20with%20regular%20watering.
3)
https://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/wetland/plants/blueflag.htm

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Polystichum Aculeatum

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They prefer soil that is free draining  and is fertile enriched with humus

These plants flourish only with consistent moisture and light sunlight

Prefers cool weather

Full shade/part shade

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Reticulated Decantha Moth

Thallophaga taylorata

Diarsia esurialis

Its not usually eaten, but the rhizomes were dug up for roasting and steaming and would be used for starvation in the spring

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It is native to...

- Western North America

They are one of the most abundant ferns occurring along the Pacific coast from...

- Southeast Alaska south to southern California

They are also inland east to southeastern British Columbia, northern Idaho and western Montana, (with isolated populations in interior northern British Columbia, the Black Hills in South Dakota, and on Guadalupe Island off Baja California)

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1)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polystichum_munitum
2)
https://calscape.org/Polystichum-munitum-()
3)
https://www.centralcoastbiodiversity.org/sword-fern-bull-polystichum-munitum.html

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Mullein

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Verbascum Macrurum

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They easily grown in average, dry to medium, well-drained soil in full sun to part shade

These plants prefer full sun

These plants tolerate a wide range of soil conditions including poor dry soils, but they must have good drainage

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Mullein moths (which is a species of Lepidoptera) and they feed off of  Verbascum plants

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They are Native to....

- Central Europe
- Central Asia
- Western China

They are also naturalized in certain regions of US and Canada

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1)
https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=255637&isprofile=0&#:~:text=Easily%20grown%20in%20average%2C%20dry,typically%202%2D3%20years).
2)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbascum_phoeniceum#:~:text=L.,of%20the%20US%20and%20Canada.

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Snail

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Gastropoda

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They live in...

- Soil (or dirt)
- Sand
- Trees
- Under rocks/'leaves
- Rivers
- Lakes
- Oceans
(Land snails cannot breathe under water

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Land snails have many common enemies. For example....

- Birds
- Small vertebrates
- Invertebrates
*Usually, they are not victims of larger animals*

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They are found all over the world!

- From the Arctic and Antarctic oceans to the equatorial regions

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1)
https://study.com/academy/lesson/snail-habitat-lesson-for-kids.html#:~:text=Snails%20live%20all%20over%20the,their%20habitat%20to%20avoid%20drowning.
2)
https://www.snail-world.com/snail-predators/#:~:text=From%20the%20ecological%20point%20of,usually%20victims%20of%20large%20animals.
3)
https://www.snail-world.com/where-do-snails-live/#:~:text=A%20home%20for%20snails&text=The%20gastropods%20live%20throughout%20the,and%20some%20others%20on%20land.

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Michigan Crayfish

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Cambarus

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Most crayfish require cool water, however, some require tropical temperatures to thrive

If a crayfish is well cared for, they will usually live 2-3 years, however, some species live even longer

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Crayfish typically eat whatever they can catch,

Since they are slow-moving, they are rarely able to harm most types of fish or shrimp

They prefer foods like...

- invertebrate pellets or blanched vegetables (such as zucchini, carrots, and spinach)
- They will also eat fish food and algae wafers

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400 crayfish species live in waters in North America

About 353, nearly 70 percent of the world's total species, inhabit waters in the United States

North Atlantic-Appalachian.

South Atlantic-Gulf

Great Lakes.

Mississippi Basin.

Missouri Basin.

Arkansas-Rio Grande-Texas-Gulf.

Upper Colorado Basin.

Lower Colorado Basin.

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1)
https://aquariumtidings.com/freshwater-crayfish-care/#:~:text=While%20most%20crayfish%20require%20cool,require%20tropical%20temperatures%20to%20thrive.&text=If%20a%20crayfish%20is%20well,in%20a%20relatively%20small%20aquarium.
2)
https://aquaticarts.com/pages/electric-blue-crayfish-care-guide
3)

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Black-Eyed Susan

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Rudbeckia Hirta~

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They are drought resistant

These plants are self-seeding and grow in a variety of soils

Its best if they grow in fertile (but not poor) soil

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They are an important food source and shelter to many birds and animals such as....

- Slugs
- Rabbits
- Deers

These plants attract bees and butterflies, which are  main pollinators of this plant

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They grow in North America

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1)
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/flowers/black-eyed-susan/black-eyed-susan-flower.htm#:~:text=Black%20eyed%20Susan%20plants%20are,spent%20blooms%20of%20the%20flower.
2)
https://www.almanac.com/plant/black-eyed-susans