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The purpose of this lab was so we could see how adding another compound can decrease the freezing point of a solution. The salt decreased the ice's freezing pint from 3.1°C to -7.1°C.

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The x is the number of ions. NaCl will separate into 2 separate ions because it is an ionic compound while sucrose will not separate because it is covalent. Since x is 2 for NaCl and 1 for sucrose, the freezing point depression is greater for NaCl.

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Putting ice on the asphalt lowers the freezing point of the snow so that it can't freeze into solid ice and cause accidents.

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Large crystals are used because they have less surface area per volume than normal table salt crystals so they dissolve less quickly and can keep the ice cold for longer.

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1. Summarize in 1 paragraph how you made the ice cream?
2. Define freezing point depression?
3. Explain the change in temperature that you observed?
4. Why is sodium chloride added to ice?
5. Why are large crystals of sodium chloride used istead of small crystals?
6. Why is sodium chloride placed on icy patches on highways in the winter?
7.  Why is sodium chloride NaCl used rather than sucrose? Recall what the "x" in the freezing point depression formula represents.

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We used a sphere that was made for making ice cream. This sphere had two caps on opposite ends. Under one cap was a metal cylinder where we put the ice cream mixture of sugar, vanilla, half and half, and milk. Inside the other end we filled the ball with ice and ice cream salt. We tossed the ball around and shook it for about 20-30 minutes until the ice cream mixture became creamy, almost solid.

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Initial temperature of ice: 3.1°C
Final temperature of ice mixture: -7.1°C
Change in Temperature: 10.2°C

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Our Results:

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4th period Chemistry
Tori
Sabrina
Anissa
Daniel
Marissa

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Sodium Chloride is added to the ice so that is will lower the freezing point depression of the mixture. Salt allowed us to cool the base enough for the ice cream to thicken before the ice melted.

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During our experiment, we measured the initial temperature of the bag of ice and it was 3.1°C but when the rock salt was adding, it dropped quickly to -7.1°C. The reason the salt caused the temperature to drop was because it lowered its freezing point depression. The difference from initial and final temperatures is -4°C.

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Freezing point depression occurs when the freezing point of a liquid is lowered by adding another compound to it. The solution has a lower freezing point than that of the pure solvent.