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Pope Leo XIII’s Rerum novarum offered the church’s first official response to the rapid economic changes following the industrial revolution. Leo read the signs of the times with great clarity, and condemned both socialist collectivism and a savage capitalism that led to gaping inequalities and grave injustices against the working classes and the poor. The church’s social doctrine began to develop on this foundation, applying the principles of the Christian tradition to the particular circumstances of the
industrial era. It called for a correction of the dysfunctions
that pervaded modern economies, especially by seeking a
more balanced and equitable relationship between capital
and labor.

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The Catholic Church is the oldest institution in the Western world. Its history can be traced back over 2,000 years to the life and times of Jesus Christ. Faith alone is  the starting point. The sophisticated approaches did not become known as "Catholic Social Teaching" until a series of Encyclical letters were published in 1891.

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Pope Leo XIII is remembered for his encyclical Rerum Novarum of 1891 which encouraged social legislation and the formation of trade unions, for his opening of the Vatican Archives to scholars and for giving some encouragement to biblical critics. Although he was anxious to create friendly relations between the Churches, his commission rejected the validity of Anglican Orders and his idea of Church Union was that the Protestants and the Orthodox should all join Rome.

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"Rerum Novarum." The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather        Guide. Abington: Helicon, 2015. Credo Reference. Web. 27 Apr. 2016.

"Leo Xiii (1810 - 1903)." Who's Who in Christianity, Routledge. Lavinia Cohn-Sherbok. London: Routledge, 2001. Credo Reference. Web. 27 Apr. 2016.

"Leo Xiii." Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica, 2014. Credo Reference. Web. 27 Apr. 2016

Annett, Anthony. "The Next Step." Commonweal 142.13 (2015): 19. Points of View Reference Center. Web. 27 Apr. 2016

"What Is Catholicism?." Teach Yourself: Catholicism: An Introduction. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 2015. Credo Reference. Web. 27 Apr. 2016.

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Pope Leo XIII wrote this in response to the conditions arising from the industrial revolution. It condemned socialism as an infringement of the right of the individual to hold private property but advocated the idea of a just wage and stated that the place of women in the home.

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-Pope Leo Xlll
-Promulagted on May 15, 1891