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KC 1.2-#10 isn't finished. One of the most critical developments was the developments of River Valley Civilizations. What were they?
KC 1.3-Lack of specifics on several points. Example, religions develop--which ones? Or #5, competition between land and resources: How do land and resources compete with each other?
KC 2.1-Good example of what I was talking about PROOFREADING is in #3. Is it done? No.
KC 2.2-Again, there are certain REQUIRED civs/empires. #1 starts out very vague. WHICH ONES?
KC 3.2-#2 New empires emerged? WHICH ONES?
#4 Innovations--like WHAT?

There are many examples of this problem throughout the Padlet. While it's good in the sense that you met all the requirements, it's very vague and full of errors that could have been eliminated by careful proofreading rather than a focus on playing games on the last day. Final example: take a look at Key Concept 4.3. Is there a title? Nope. That kind of attention to detail was lacking throughout.

4.0 (A-)

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Developments:
1. Global Migration brought changes in food production and improved medical conditions, which also brought a significant global rise in population.
2. Developed coerced and semi-coerced labor migrations such as slavery, Chinese and Indian indentured servitude.
3. Temporary and seasonal migrants returned to their home societies such as Japanese agricultural workers in the Pacific, Lebanese merchants in the Americas, and Italians in Argentina.
4. Because of Males physical nature of labor in demand, migrants were usually male, which left women to take on home roles.
5. States tried to regulate the increased flow of people across their borders by acts like The Chinese Exclusion Acts.
6. The White Australia Policy was also used in an attempt to regulate the increase flow of people across their borders.
7. Migrants often made ethnic enclaves in different parts of the world like the Chinese in Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and North and South America,
8. Migrants like the Indians in East and southern Africa, the Caribbean, and Southeast Asia also made ethnic enclaves.
9. Nature of new modes of transportation, made both internal and external migrants increasingly relocate to cities, which contributed to significant global urbanization during the 19th century.
10. Many migrants  often chose freely to relocate in search of work, such migrants include Manual laborers, and Specialized professionals.

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Developments
1. As technology improved communication between countries was no longer limited by geography
2. Average lifespan increase dramatically thanks to medical improvements
3. New theories such as the big bang or theory of relativity were created
4. The green revolution occurred increasing the Earths human population to its highest in history
5. Oil and nuclear power are the source for nearly all production
6. Earths resources is being drained faster than ever before
7. Pollution becomes a huge issue to the environment
8. Global warming starts to become a concern as green house emission increases.
9. Military technology improved as tanks, airplanes and atomic bombs were and are being used for warfare
10. war casualties increase, especially for civillans

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Key Concept 6.2 Global Conflicts and Their

Consequences

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Key Concept 6.2 Global Conflicts and Their

Consequences

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Developments
1. At the start of the 20th century a European global dominated power existed. People attempted to alter the order to fit the needs of people. Conflicts arised
2. Old land-based empires collapsed (Ottoman, Russian, Qing). Ottomans were conservatives, power increased in Janssary corps, nationalistic views arised.
3. Some colonies negotiated, while others revolted. Algeria's revolt  began in the Aures mountains.
4. Empires started and became obsolete as anti-imperialism thoughts came to be and nation states developed
5. WWI and WWII broke out causing in the deaths of millions of civilians and soldiers alike
6. Mass genocide of ethnic groups such as the Armenian genocide by the Ottomans or the holocaust by Nazi Germany.
7. Cold war created alliance such as NATO and the Warsaw pact on different sides.
8. The cold war created a situation where any major conflicts will result in a nuclear war, devastating both sides of the war.
9. Movements began to use violence as  a way to achieve political aims.
10. Global conflicts influenced popular culture. Video games were introduced overseas, anime became introduced to the West.

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Key concept 6.3 New Conceptualizations of Global

Economy, Society, and Culture

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Key concept 6.3 New Conceptualizations of Global

Economy, Society, and Culture

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Developments:
1. The government started to take a role in the economy whether it was the communist government controlling their government or the U.S that did take a major role in the economy while not directly controlling it .
2. More people started to help grow the economy because of the growth of institutions
3. During this period people started to challenge old stereotypes about race,class,gender, and religion
4. During this period consumer culture became global
5. Newly independent states after world war 1 focused
6. At this time organizations formed to maintain peace examples of these organisations being the united nations and the league of nations.
7. Other types of organisations that emerged at the time where humanitarian organization such as the red cross and the world health organisation being examples
8. During this time there where also regional trade agreements
9. During this time human rights gained traction through the world
10. During this time there was a lot of interaction between many different diverse people that sometimes led to the formation of new cultural identities

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Key Concept 5.3. Nationalism, Revolution, and Reform

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Key Concept 5.3. Nationalism, Revolution, and Reform

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Developments:
1. In the relationship between the natural world to human relationships, thinkers applied new ways of understanding, encouraging observation and inference in all aspects of life.
2. People began to critique the role religion played in public life, specifically intellectuals insisting on the importance of reason as opposed to revelation.
3. Enlightenment thinkers developed new political ideas about the individual, natural rights, and the social contract.
4. As the ideas of enlightenment thinkers began to spread through the world, it began to influence existing political authority, such was shown in revolutionary documents.
5. Enlightenment ideas influenced many people to challenge existing notions of social relations, that in turn lead to the expansion of rights, the abolition of slavery and the end of serfdom.
6. Enlightenment ideas inspired American colonial subjects to lead a series of rebellions, which facilitated the emergence of independent states in the United States, Haiti, and mainland Latin American.
7. Various rebellions were influenced by religious ideas and millernarianism.
8. People question political authority in this period increasingly, and with growing nationalism, contributed to anticolonial movements.
8. And due to these constant rebellions led governments to reform imperial policies.
9. Discontent with monarchist and imperial rule encouraged the development of political ideologies, such as liberalism, socialism, and communism.
10. Demands for women's suffrage and an emergent feminism challenged political and gender hierarchies.

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Key Concept 5.1 Industrialization and Global

Capitalism

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Key Concept 5.1 Industrialization and Global

Capitalism

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Developments:
1. Brought the development of the distribution of coal, iron and timber, European demographic changes, urbanization, and improved agricultural productivity.
2. Brought legal protection of private property, an abundance of rivers and canals, access to foreign resources, and the accumulation of capital.
3. Brought the development of machines, like steam engines and the internal combustion engine.
4. Brought the development of the use of vast new resources of energy stored in fossil fuels, especially coal and oil.
5. Brought the development of the factory system concentrated labor in single locations and also new methods in production of steel, chemicals, electricity and precision machinery.
6. Production an export of single natural resources like cotton, rubber, palm oil, sugar, wheat, meat, guano, metals and minerals.
7. New consumer markets like the British and French attempts to "open up" Chinese market during 19th century and also extensive mining centers like copper mines in Mexico and gold and diamond mines in South Africa.
8. Financial instruments like stock markets, insurance, gold standard, and limited liability corporations and large-scale transnational businesses like the HSBC and the United Fruit Company.
9. Major developments in transportation and communication included railroads, steamships, telegraphs, and canals.
10. Alternate visions developed such as Utopian socialism, Marxism, and Anarchism, and also developed new social classes, family dynamics, and gender roles.

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Developments:
1. Colonies by Europeans appear around the world
2.Transatlantic slave trade was established with Southwest Africa, Parts of Europe and Americas.
3. Tributes and Tax farming were used so a state could fund expansion
4. Gunpowder and cannons were relied upon to expand territories.
5. Maritime empires started to increase in size as well as land empires.
6.  Bureaucratic elites were used much more often than before to stabilize control
7. Ethnic and cultural groups were limited to prevent them challenging the state.
8. Religion was used more to reinforce a rulers position and authority.
9. Trade networks were established in Africa and Asia that benefited the rulers and their state.
10. Wars occurred such as the 30 years war which involved much of Europe.

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Key Concept 5.2. Imperialism and Nation-State

Formation

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Key Concept 5.2. Imperialism and Nation-State

Formation

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Developments:
1. Industrializing empires created transoceanic empires. States with existing colonies strengthened them.
2. European states, the Americas and Japanese established empires in Asia and Pacific, Spanish/Portuguese influence declined.
3.The German Empire consisted of 27 constituent territories, with most being ruled by royal families.
4. States utilized warfare and diplomacy for empires in Africa; the British in west Africa
5. Europeans set up settler colonies; British in southern Africa, Australia, and New Zealand.
6. Other empires used economic imperialism. The British and US invested heavily in Latin America, with their rich resource business.
7. Imperialism influenced state formation. US and European interaction in Japan created Meiji.
8. Anti-imperial resistance in the Ottoman empire led to it's contraction. trade between it and Europe increased.
9. New states developed near empires; Hawaii near US. Nationalism spread with new identities.
10. New racial ideologies, especially Social Darwinism, facilitated and justified imperialism.

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Key Concept 4.1. Globalizing Networks of

Communication and Exchange

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Key Concept 4.1. Globalizing Networks of

Communication and Exchange

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Developments:
1. Increased transregional and global trade networks facilitated the spread of religion.
2. Global trade networks also increased the migrations of people around the world.
3. Global exchange of crops and animals changed populations, diets, and agriculture around the world.
4. Europeans made technological developments in cartography and navigation, which brought new tools like the astrolabe and revised maps.
5. Europeans made innovations in ship designs due to their improved understanding of global wind and current patterns, one example is Caravels.
6. American foods like Potatoes, Maize, and Manioc became staple crops in different parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Cash crops like sugar and tobacco were also grown on plantations using coerced labor in mostly Europe and the Middle East.
7. Afro-Eurasian fruit trees, grains, sugar, and domesticated animals like Horses, Pigs, and Cattle were brought by Europeans to the Americas, while other foods like Okra and Rice were brought by African slaves.
8. Syncretic and new forms of religions like Vodun in the Caribbean, the cults of saints in Latin America, and Sikhism in South Asia developed.
9. Innovations in visual and performing arts like Renaissance art in Europe, Miniature painting the Middle East and South Asia, Wood-block prints in Japan, and Post-conquest codices in Mesoamerica were seen all over the world.
10. Literacy expanded and was accompanied by the proliferation of popular authors, literacy forms and works of literature. Examples of this are Shakespeare, Cervantes, Sundiata, Journey to the West, and Kabuki.

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Key Concept 4.2. New Forms of Social Organization and Modes of Production

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Key Concept 4.2. New Forms of Social Organization and Modes of Production

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Developments:
1. A surge in agricultural productivity were developed from new methods in crop and field rotation , thus bringing an introduction to new crops.
2. Political and economic centers within regions shifted and the social status of merchants tended to rise in various states.
3. Demographic growth, even in disease-ravaged areas such as the Americas, were restored by the eighteenth century and surged in many regions.
4.The Columbian Exchange led to new ways of humans interacting with the environments, which led to new forms of coerced and semi-coerced labor in Europe, Africa, and the Americas, and affected ethnic and racial classifications and gender roles.
5. Peasant labor intensified in many regions which led to the development of frontier settlements in Russian Siberia, Cotton textile production in India, and Silk textile production in China.
6. Colonial economies in the Americas depended on a range of coerced labor, which led to Chattel slavery, indentured servitude, encomienda and hacienda systems, and the Spanish adaptation of the Inca mit'a.
7. As new social and political elites changed, they also restructured new ethnic, racial, and gender hierarchies (Some examples of new elites are the Manchus in China, Creole elites in Spanish America, European gentry, and Urban commercial entrepreneurs in all major port cities in the world.
8. The power of existing political and economic elites fluctuated as they confronted challenges to heir ability to affect the policies of the increasingly powerful monarchs and leaders.
9. Notable gender and family restructuring occurred, such as the dependence of European men on Southeast Asian women for conducting trade in that region. Also, this included the demographic changes in Africa that resulted due to slave trades.
10. New ethnic and racial classifications were developed due to the massive demographic changes in the Americas.

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Key Concept 3.3. Increased Economic Productive

Capacity and Its Consequences

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Key Concept 3.3. Increased Economic Productive

Capacity and Its Consequences

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Developments:
1. Technological innovations caused a significant increase to agricultural production.
2. Luxury good crops were transported from their indigenous homeland to equivalent climates in other regions due to their increasing demand.
3. Chinese, Persian, and Indian artisans and merchants expanded their production of textiles and porcelains for export meanwhile, iron and steel expanded in China.
4. Thanks to expanding trade networks and productivity, cities either had periods of significant decline or periods of increased urbanization.
5. Availability of safe and reliable transport was important for urban revival.
6. Increased agricultural productivity and subsequent rising population also helped urban revival.
7. Cities in general continued to play the roles as governmental, religious, and commercial centers, but as older cities declined, new cities emerged to to take these established roles.
8. Patriarchy persisted but in some areas women exercised more power and influence, such as with the Mongols.
9.  New forms of coerced labor appeared such as serfdom in Europe, while the demand for slaves for both military and domestic purposes increased.
10. The diffusion of Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, and Neoconfucianism often led to substantial changes in gender relations and family structure.

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Key Concept 3.1. Expansion and Intensification of

Communication and Exchange Networks

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Key Concept 3.1. Expansion and Intensification of

Communication and Exchange Networks

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Developments:
1. As technology improved trading increased such as bigger and better ships along with saddles for camels.
2. Novgorod, Timbukt, The Swahili city-states, Hangzhou, Calicut, Baghdad, Melaka, Venice, Tenochtitlan, Cahokia developed as a result of trade.
3. New trade routes in Mesoamerica and Andes developed
4. Things such as the Caravansary were made for caravans travelling over a long distance.
5. Empire building by nation states such as the Byzantines, Mongols, Chinese and Caliphates made trade easier.
6. Islam was created and created an empire that made trading easier for merchant.
7. Because of trade routes from existing empires, the black death was easily spread.
8. Trade on the Silk road, Mediterranean sea, Trans-Sahara and Indian ocean flourished with silk, cotton textile, porcelain, spices, metals, slaves and animal.
9. Money exchange, checks, credit and banks developed as a result of trade. Coins and paper money were used as well.
10. Languages spread such as the Bantu languages and the Turkish and Arabic languages. People also migrated because of trade routes such as the Bantu people and the Polynesian as they went island to island.

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Key Concept 3.2. Continuity and Innovation of State

Forms and Their Interactions

 

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Key Concept 3.2. Continuity and Innovation of State

Forms and Their Interactions

 

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Developments:
1. Farmers in East Asia created varieties of rice that could be drought-resistant, ripe early or could be used for brewing. Terracing hilly land was common to allow rice to grow.
2. New  empires took the place of collapsed ones; state forms emerged.
3. The Byzantine empire and the Chinese dynasties (Sui, Tang, Song) reconstituted governments.
Patriarchy; the leader in the household is a father  and the male emperor in China is an example.
4. Traditional power was mixed with innovations.
5.  New forms of government emerged in Islamic States, Mongol Khantes, city states, and feudalism in Europe and Japan.
6. The Maya organized themselves into small city-states instead of one big empire.  Tikal, 750 CE had 40,00 inhabitants, specializing in occupations. .City-states Fought for sacrifices to the Mayan Gods .
7. Some states fused local and borrowed traditions. (China-Japan)
8. Confucian concepts of government and society arrived in Japan. Japanese cities were based on Chinese plans.
9. In the Americas state systems expanded. Networks flourished in the Mayas and imperial systems in Aztecs and Inca.
10. Contacts and conflicts encouraged technological and cultural transfers.

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 Key Concept 1.1 Big Geography and Peopling of the Earth

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 Key Concept 1.1 Big Geography and Peopling of the Earth

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Developments:
1. Humans migrated from Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas.
2. The early humans became mobile and easily adapted to different geographical settings.
3. Specifically, hunting-foraging bands gradually migrated from their origin in East Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas while adapting their technology and cultures to the new climate regions.
4. Through making a analogy with modern hunter-forager societies, anthropologists infered that these old bands were relatively egalitarian.
5. Humans used fire to aid hunting and foraging
6. Humans also used fire to protect themselves from predators.
7. Most importantly, they used fire to adapt to cold environments.
8. The humans economically, created structures focused on small kinship groups of hunting-foraging bands that could make what they need to survive.
9. However, many people weren't self-sufficient, this caused them to exchange people, ideas, and goods to supply themselves.
10. Humans began to develop varied and sophisticated technologies, such as the introduction of fire which helped them adapt to colder environments and efficiently cook their food, and stone tools which helped them hunt, cook, and gather resources.

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Key concept 2.3 Emergence of Transregional

Networks of Communication and Exchange

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Key concept 2.3 Emergence of Transregional

Networks of Communication and Exchange

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Development:
1. Organization of large-scale empires facilitated long-distance trade dramatically.
2. The demand of raw materials and luxury goods facilitated the emergence of transregional trade networks.
3. The exchange of people, technology, religious and cultural beliefs, food crops, domesticated animals, and disease pathogens developed alongside the trade in goods across far-flung networks of communication and exchange.
4. Both in the Americas and Oceania localized networks have developed.
5. People adapt to certain environmental situations, like climate and location, which allows them to create complex networks of trade and communication in their area.
6. New technologies allowed the use of domesticated pack animals to transport goods across longer routes.
7. Innovations in maritime technologies, as well as advanced knowledge  of localized climate, like moonson winds, stimulated exchanges along maritime routes from East Africa to East Asia.
8. Spread of certain crops, like rice and cotton from South Asia to the Middle East, encouraged empires and civilizations to have change in their farming and irrigation techniques.
9. However, due to the surplus of trade and communication, it allowed certain pathogens to spread and diminish empire populations.
10. Religious and cultural traditions began to change and diffuse as they spread through.

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Key concept 2.2 The Development of
States
and
Empires

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Key concept 2.2 The Development of
States
and
Empires

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Developments:
1. The size of empires and states increased tremendously as political unity was established.
2. Rulers established admin institutions; centralized governments, & elaborate legal systems and bureaucracies.
3. Development of military power; diplomacy, supply lines, fortifications, new military from locals.
4. Success based on economic trade & integration; roads and currencies.
5. Trade, public religious rituals, and politics occurred in cities.
6. Social hierarchies; cultivators, slaves, artisans, merchants, elites and caste groups.
7. Complex methods were developed to maintain productivity of goods and loyalty.
8. Patriarchy shaped family and gender relations.
9. Imperial governments caused environmental damage, social tensions, and economic difficulties.
10. Threat of invasions rose from other civilizations.

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Key concept  2.1. The  Development and Codification of

Religious and Cultural Traditions

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Key concept  2.1. The  Development and Codification of

Religious and Cultural Traditions

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Developments:
1. Several Belief Systems emerged during 600 B.C.E and 600 C.E to spread and assert Universal proof. Examples of these  Belief system are Buddhism, Confucianism, Daoist.
2. Existing religious and their traditions provided an ethical code for people to live by. Examples of these religious moral codes where Judaism and Hinduism
3.  The belief system of this time affected gender roles by enforcing them like in Hinduism or by
4. These belief system where accepted as the core way of living for certain people.
5.  Cultural development in this time where represented by things like literature, art, and architecture.
6. Forms of this cultural development where things like Greek plays and Indian epics
7. Belief systems like Daoism in china advance in things like medicine, poetry, metallurgy, and architecture.
8. The spread of these belief systems either emerged because of social unrest or because of religious reasons
9.The belief systems at this time affected people by either spreading social inequality or rejecting it
10. A lot of regions at this time practiced ancestral veneration

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Key Concept 1.3. The  Development and Interactions of

Early  Agricultural, Pastoral, and Urban Societies

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Key Concept 1.3. The  Development and Interactions of

Early  Agricultural, Pastoral, and Urban Societies

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Developments:
1.  Hittites started conquering neighboring lands
2.  Rulers were being viewed as divine and were backed by this and the military.
3.  Pastoralist started to attack agriculturalist
4. Empire building  Mesopotamia, Babylonia, and the Nile Valley.
5.  Competitions between land and resources occurred oftenly
6. Legal codes started to develop within governments such as the Code of Hammurabi
7.  Monuments and architecture started to be developed such as the Pyramids, temples and walls
8.  Religious beliefs started to develop which would influence later religions.
9. Trade expanded as it went from local to transregional
10. Cultures, ideas and technology spread among civilizations within a region as long distance trade is not possible at the time. Iron making spread as conquest went and so did Egyptian belief as they were conquered  by neighboring civilizations

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Key Concept 1.2. The  Neolithic Revolution and Early

Agricultural Societies

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Key Concept 1.2. The  Neolithic Revolution and Early

Agricultural Societies

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Developments:
1. Agricultural Settlement, providing a more stable and reliable supply of food.
2. Massive impact on the environment through selective breeding of animals and plants, pastoralists caused erosion.
3. Area diversity in available crops and animals.
4. Pastoralism developed in Eurasia's grasslands.
5. Water control systems providing water to the settlements.
6. Increased population as surplus food and goods were provided.
7. With surplus goods specialization of labors appeared; elites, warriors, artisans, etc.
8. Technological innovations in agriculture, trade, and transportation; textiles, metallurgy
9. Elite groups within the societies accumulated wealth creating hierarchical and patriarch social structures.
10. River valley so