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1. This map shows the routes of early European explorers who came to North America. Covering such vast areas, these explorations took time. How many years passed between the first and the last of these explorations?

2. Explorers often followed rivers into the interior of North America as they searched for a route across the country. Name three rivers that were important to the explorers on this map.

3. Choose one explorer shown on the map, and write a description of his journey. Use the map to tell what direction he traveled in and the oceans or rivers that he crossed. Use other resources to add more details to your description.

Rulers of several European nations hired explorers during the 1400s, 1500s, and 1600s. The nations included Spain (green line on map), England (red), France (blue), and Holland (purple). They wanted the explorers to search for a Northwest Passage to Asia and to look for gold and other treasure. Instead of finding a route to Asia, explorers found rich land and resources in North America. Soon, settlers came to build trading posts, fishing camps, and towns. As these settlements grew, North America changed forever.

1. 190 years passed between the first (1492) and the last (1682).

2. Rivers that explorers used include the Mississippi River, the St. Lawrence River, and the Hudson River.

3. Your description should include the parts of the country the explorer traveled through and any landforms the explorer crossed, such as mountains and rivers that you see on the map.

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Interactive Map: Exploration of North America, 1492-1700

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This map shows the routes of early European explorers who came to North America. Covering such vast areas, these explorations took time. How many years passed between the first and the last of these explorations? Explorers often followed rivers into the interior of North America as they searched for a route across the country.

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How did exploration of the Americas lead to settlement?

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Timeline for European Exploration (by century)

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Timeline for European Exploration (by century)

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Columbus before the Queen, imagined by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1843

This timeline of European exploration lists major geographic discoveries and other firsts credited to or involving Europeans during the Age of Discovery and the following centuries, between the years AD 1418 and 1957.

Despite several significant transoceanic and transcontinental explorations by European civilizations in the preceding centuries, the precise geography of the Earth outside of Europe was largely unknown to Europeans before the 15th century, when technological advances (especially in sea travel) as well as the rise of colonialism, mercantilism, and a host of other social, cultural, and economic changes made it possible to organize large-scale exploratory expeditions to uncharted parts of the globe.

The Age of Discovery arguably began in the early 15th century with the rounding of the feared Cape Bojador and Portuguese exploration of the west coast of Africa, while in the last decade of the century the Spanish sent expeditions far across the Atlantic, where the Americas would eventually be reached, and the Portuguese found a sea route to India. In the 16th century, various European states funded expeditions to the interior of both North and South America, as well as to their respective west and east coasts, north to California and Labrador and south to Chile and Tierra del Fuego. In the 17th century, Russian explorers conquered Siberia in search of sables, while the Dutch contributed greatly to the charting of Australia. The 18th century witnessed the first extensive explorations of the South Pacific and Oceania and the exploration of Alaska, while the 19th was dominated by exploration of the polar regions and excursions into the heart of Africa. By the early 20th century, the poles themselves had been reached.

Vasco da Gama lands at Calicut, illustration for Os Lusíadas, 1880 by Ernesto Casanova

Pedro Álvares Cabral's ship on the fleet that sighted the Brazilian mainland for the first time on 22 April 1500. From the manuscript Memória das Armadas que de Portugal passaram à Índia

Vasco Núñez de Balboa claiming possession of the Mar del Sur ("South Sea").

Map of the island city Tenochtitlán and Mexico gulf made by one of Hernán Cortés' men, 1524, Newberry Library, Chicago

Discovery of the Mississippi by William H. Powell (1823-1879) is a Romantic depiction of de Soto seeing the Mississippi River for the first time. It hangs in the United States Capitol rotunda.

Francisco Vásquez de Coronado Sets Out to the North, by Frederic Remington, 1861-1909

The Cabrillo National Monument in San Diego, California

Crew of Willem Barentsz fighting a polar bear, 1596

1500 - Pedro Álvares Cabral makes the "official" discovery of Brazil,[2] leading the first expedition that united Europe, America, Africa, and Asia.[11][12]

1500-02 - Gaspar and Miguel Corte Real explore and name the coasts of "Terra Verde" (likely Newfoundland) and Labrador.[7][10]

1506 - Tristão da Cunha discovers the remote island of Tristan da Cunha in the South Atlantic Ocean.[citation needed ]

1511-12 - João de Lisboa and Estevão de Fróis explore the "Cape of Santa Maria" (Punta Del Este) in the River Plate, exploring its estuary, and traveling as far south as the Gulf of San Matias at 42ºS, in present-day Uruguay and Argentina (penetrating 300 km (186 mi) "around the Gulf").[17][18]

c. 1524 - Aleixo Garcia travels westward from Santa Catarina, across the Paraná River (perhaps sighting Iguazu Falls) to the Paraguay River near the site of Asunción, then across the Gran Chaco to the Andes and the Inca frontier, somewhere between Mizque and Tomina in modern Bolivia.[31]

1543 - Ruy López de Villalobos discovers three islands (Fais, Ulithi and Yap) in the Carolines and eight atolls (Kwajalein, Lae, Ujae, Wotho, Likiep, Wotje, Erikub and Maloelap) in the Marshall Islands.[35]

1565 - Miguel López de Legazpi discovers Mejit, Ailuk and Jemo in the Marshall Islands, while his subordinate Alonso de Arellano discovers Lib in the same island group, as well as five islands (Oroluk, Chuuk, Pulap, Sorol and Ngulu) in the Caroline Islands.[35]

The Last Voyage of Henry Hudson, John Collier's 1881 painting of Henry Hudson cast adrift.

A 17th-century koch in a museum in Krasnoyarsk. Kochi were used to explore the Siberian watershed and coasts by men such as Kurochkin, Perfilyev and Dezhnev.

The expedition of Semyon Dezhnyov by Klavdy Lebedev

Pere Marquette and the Indians at the Mississippi River, oil painting (1869) by Wilhelm Lamprecht (1838-1906), at Marquette University.

1607 - Mangazeyan promyshlenniki and traders reach the lower Yenisei, establish Turukhansk, and ascend the Lower Tunguska, while Ketsk serving men ascend the Yenisei to the Angara, which they also ascend.[52]

1609 - Hudson sails the Halve Maen up the Hudson River as far north as present-day Albany, New York.[55]

1622 - The Dutch ship Leeuwin discovers land near present-day Cape Leeuwin.[62]

1628 - Gerrit Frederikszoon de Witt captain of the Vianen discovers "Witsland" about 21° S, sailing 320 kilometres (200 mi) along the coast and discovering Barrow Island and parts of the Dampier Archipelago.[62]

1632-33 - Pyotr Beketov descends the Lena as far as its great bend, erects the ostrog Yakutsk, and sends a detachment some 720 kilometres (450 mi) downriver (where the zimovie Zhigansk is built) and another east up the Aldan as far as the Amga (which they also ascend in search of yasak).[46][50]

1639-41 - Ivan Moskvitin ascends the Maya, portages across the Dzhugdzhur Mountains, and descends the Ulya to the Sea of Okhotsk; two groups are sent to the north and south, reaching the mouths of the Taui and Uda rivers, respectively.[45][46]

1642-43 - Dutch explorer Abel Tasman discovers "Anthony van Diemenslandt" (Tasmania) and "Staten Landt" (New Zealand). The following year he discovers "'t Eylandt Amsterdam" (Tongatapu), Fiji and New Britain.[35][62]

1643 - Vasiliy Sychev discovers the Anabar, where he establishes the zimovie Anabarskoye.[58][69]

1644 - Tasman maps the northern coast of Australia, connecting "Nova Guinea" (the Cape York Peninsula) with "the land of D'Eendracht" (Western Australia).[62]

1644-47 - Ivan Pokhabov is the first to ascend the Angara to Lake Baikal, which he crosses to the Selenga; he later ascends it and reaches Urga (in present-day Mongolia).[46][50]

1648-49 - Semyon Dezhnyov sails from the Kolyma, rounds Cape Dezhnev (thus proving Asia and America are separate), and reaches the Anadyr River, which he ascends for some 563 kilometres (350 mi) (here he builds the zimovie Anadyrsk).[45]

1650 - Stadukhin and Semen Motora travel from the Kolyma, across the Anyuyskiy Range, to Anadyrsk.[45]

1675 - During a commercial voyage, English merchant Anthony de la Roché accidentally discovers South Georgia Island, the first ever discovery of land south of the Antarctic Convergence.[citation needed ]

1697-99 - Vladimir Atlasov reaches as far as the Golygina River on the southwest coast of Kamchatka, from which he sights Atlasov Island; also crosses the Sredinny Range (twice), reaching Olyutor Gulf and the Kamchatka River.[46][67]

Resolution and Adventure in Matavai Bay by William Hodges

Inscription at the end of the Alexander Mackenzie's Canada crossing located at 52°22′43″N 127°28′14″W ﻿ / ﻿ 52.37861°N 127.47056°W

The famous map of Lewis and Clark's expedition. It changed mapping of northwest America by providing the first accurate depiction of the relationship of the sources of the Columbia and Missouri rivers, and the Rocky Mountains.

HMS Investigator, on the northwestern coast of Banks Island, 20 August 1851.

Map drawn by Robert McClure detailing the Northwest Passage, including the 1851 route of the Investigator.

The first ascent of the Matterhorn, by Gustave Doré.

1802-03 - Flinders circumnavigates Australia.[62]

1805-06 - Mungo Park descends the Niger as far as the Bussa rapids, where he is drowned.[88]

1828 - French explorer René Caillié is the first European to return alive from Timbuktu.

1841-43 - James Clark Ross discovers the Ross Sea, reaches 78°09′30″S, and discovers the active volcano Mount Erebus on Ross Island, the Ross Ice Shelf, and Victoria Land. He also sights Snow Hill, Seymour, and James Ross Island.[109]

1851 - Rae charts over 965 kilometres (600 mi) of the southern coastline of Victoria Island, from Cape Back to Pelly Point.[110]

1862 - Speke discovers the Nile flowing from the northern end of Lake Victoria.[5]

1862 - Ivan Lukin ascends the Yukon to Fort Yukon.[106]

1869 - American naturalist John Wesley Powell leads the first expedition to travel the entire length of the Colorado River through the Grand Canyon.

1872 - William Adams proves the insularity of Bylot Island.[78]

Amundsen's party at the South Pole, December 1911. From left to right: Amundsen, Hanssen, Hassel and Wisting (photo by fifth member Bjaaland).

Scott's party at the South Pole, 18 January 1912. L to R: (standing) Wilson, Scott, Oates; (seated) Bowers, Edgar Evans.

1903-06 - Norwegian polar explorer Roald Amundsen leads the first expedition to traverse the entire Northwest Passage, in the sloop Gjøa; Godfred Hansen, his second-in-command, charts the east coast of Victoria Island north to Cape Nansen (72°02'N, 104°45'W).[130]

1915-17 - Vilhjalmur Stefansson discovers Brock, Mackenzie King, Borden, Meighen, and Lougheed Islands; one of his men, Storker T. Storkerson, charts part of the northeast coast of Victoria Island, discovering the Storkerson Peninsula and Stefansson Island.[78][133]

1934 - Richard E. Byrd discovers and names Roosevelt Island.

1940 - Byrd discovers Thurston Island, believing it to be a peninsula.

1957 - Finn Ronne discovers Berkner Island.

1. ^ Pohl, Frederick J. (1966). Amerigo Vespucci: Pilot Major. New York: Octagon Books. pp. 54, 55.

2. Diffie 1977, pp. 464-465.

3. ^ [1] The Coming of the Portuguese by Paul Lunde, London University's School of Oriental and African Studies, in Saudi Aramco World - July/August 2005 Volume 56, Number 4,

4. ^ Newen Zeytung auss Presillg Landt

5. ^ Cortesão, Armando (1944). The Suma Oriental of Tomé Pires: an account of the east, from the Red Sea to Japan, written in Malacca and India in 1512-1515/The Book of Francisco Rodrigues rutter of a voyage in the Red Sea, nautical rules, almanack and maps, written and drawn in the east before 1515. The Hakluyt Society. ISBN 9788120605350.

6. ^

7. ^

8. ^ Galvano, Antonio (1563). The Discoveries of the World from Their First Original Unto the Year of Our Lord 1555, issued by the Hakluyt Society. Kessinger Publishing. p. 168. ISBN 0-7661-9022-6. 2004 reissued

9. ^ [2] Count Moric Benyovszky: A Hungarian Cruzoe in Asia, Fr, Manuel Teixeira, page 129

10. ^ Freeman, Otis W. (1951). Geography of the Pacific,. pp. 229-235. ISBN 9780598436061.

11. ^ Golder, Frank Alfred and Leonhard Stejneger (1922). Bering's voyages: an account of the efforts of the Russians to determine the relation of Asia and America. New York: American Geographical Society. p. 36.

12. ^ Champagne, Father Antoine. The Vérendryes and Their Succossors, 1727-1760 (MHS Transactions, Series 3, No. 25, 1968-69 Season).

13. ^ Vancouver, George, and John Vancouver (1801). A voyage of discovery to the North Pacific ocean, and round the world. Vol. I-IV. London: J. Stockdale.

14. ^ McClure, Robert (1856). Osborn, Sherard (ed.). The Discovery of the North-West Passage. London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, & Roberts.

15. ^

16. ^ Keay, John (November 2005). "The Mekong Exploration Commission, 1866 - 68: Anglo-French Rivalry in South East Asia" (PDF). Asian Affairs. Routledge. XXXVI (III).

17. ^ D'Albertis, L. M. (1879). "Journeys up the Fly River and in other parts of New Guinea". Royal Geographical Society. 1 (1): 4-16. doi:10.2307/1800487. JSTOR 1800487.

18. ^ Mason, Kenneth (1932). "In Memoriam: Henry Treise Morshead". Himalayan Journal. 4. Archived from the original on 14 August 2014.

19. Barr, William (1975). "Severnaya Zemlya: the last major discovery". Geographical Journal. 141 (1): 59-71. doi:10.2307/1796946. JSTOR 1796946.

20. ^

Morris, Richard B. and Graham W. Irwin, eds. Harper encyclopedia of the modern world: a concise reference history from 1760 to the present (1970) online

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Timeline of European exploration - Wikipedia

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Toggle the table of contents From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This timeline of European exploration lists major geographic discoveries and other firsts credited to or involving Europeans during the Age of Discovery and the following centuries, between the years AD 1418 and 1957.

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A Timeline of North American Exploration, 1492-1585

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A Timeline of North American Exploration, 1492-1585

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The age of exploration in North America started with finding a new trade route to the East and ended with countries settling on a new continent.

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Kids learn about the biography and life of various world explorers from Columbus to Neil Armstrong.

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Newsela is an Instructional Content Platform that supercharges reading engagement and learning in every subject.

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British explorer sought a passage from Europe to Asia through the Arctic Ocean, but never found it

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This section contains illustrated maps showing the route maps of Columbus, da Gama, Prince Henry, Ponce de Leon, Samuel de Champlain, Magellan, and Sir Fra