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The Bill of Rights are the first 10 amendments to the Constitution.
1. Freedom of speech, press, and religion.
2. The Right to own firepower weapons.
3. Prevents the government from letting law enforcement take over residence in your home.
4. Prevents the government from seizing property or conducting unreasonable searches.
5. Serious criminal charges must be tried by a grand jury. A person cannot be tried twice for the same offense. People also don't have to act as their own witness.
6. Everyone has the right to a speedy and public trial, as well as trial by an impartial jury.
7. In Federal civic cases, you will still have the right to an impartial jury trial.
8. No one has to deal with excessive fines and bails, or cruel and unusual punishment.
9. Just because the Constitution doesn't say it, you may have other rights that aren't spelled out.
10. The Federal government only has powers specifically given to them, anything not listed is reserved for either the states or the people.

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The first way that an Amendment can be added to the Constitution is by proposing a bill and having it be voted by a 2/3 majority by Congress and then having it get at least a 3/4 majority in the Supreme Court. The second way is to have a constitutional convention called for by 2/3 of state legislatures.

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The system of Checks and Balances keeps each branch from getting too powerful and all of them balanced. For example, One way the Executive Branch can check the Judicial Branch is by nominating judges. One way the Executive branch can check the power of the Legislative Branch is by vetoing Congress. One way the Legislative Branch can check the power of the Executive Branch is by impeaching the president. One way the Legislative Branch can check the power of the Judicial Branch is by impeaching judges from office. One way the Judicial Branch can check the power of the Executive Branch is by declaring executive actions unconstitutional. One way the Judicial Branch can check the power of the Legislative Branch is by declaring laws unconstitutional.

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Executive Branch
The president is the commander in chief of the army, makes sure that laws are carried out, negotiates trade with other countries, and grants pardons on criminal offenses. The president is elected by the people. The term lasts 4 years. you must be at least 35 and a natural-born citizen of the United States.
Legislative Branch
The Legislative branch is in charge of collecting taxes, borrowing money and paying debts, making rules on how to become a citizen, regulate trade between other nations, states, and Natives, coin money and punishing counterfeits, declaring war , and make any laws that are necessary. Members of the Legislative Branch are elected. Members of the Senate serve 6 year terms, while the House members serve 2 year terms. you must be at least 30 to join the Senate, and 35 to join the House of Representatives. You also must have been a citizen for at least 7 years for the Senate and at least 9 years for the House.
Judicial Branch
The main purpose of the Judicial Branch is to decide whether or not laws passed are constitutional. There are no specific requirements based on age or citizenship for the Supreme Court, and they serve life terms.

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Federalism is where the government has smaller sub-governments which share or have different power. For example, in our government, the main federal government has powers that states don't have, but states have powers like ruling over marriage laws that the federal doesn't have.

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Important battles of the Revolutionary War

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Important battles of the Revolutionary War

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The battle of Lexington and Concord was the first battle of the Revolutionary War. They were fought on April 19, 1775. Paul Revere and his rider friends went and alarmed the countryside after British troops started their march from Boston to Concord in order to seize their weapons. The British were unable to, though.
The Battle of Long Island New York happened on August 27-30 1776 in Southern Long Island and Brooklyn. The battle started because Britain wanted to take back New York City and Massachusetts. The British won the battle and took the city back. Washington and his troops retreated to Pennsylvania.
The battle of Saratoga took place from September 19 through October 17 at Saratoga Springs. The British started the battle. Their strategy was to divide the rebels in half. The British took them by surprise from behind but the Americans were able to make them surrender.
The battle of Yorktown happened from September 28 through October 19 and took place in Yorktown, Virginia. The Americans initiated the battle, led by General Nathan Greene. He was just planning on making the British retreat. The British were badly outnumbered. General Cornwallis signed British surrender on October 19. This signified the end of the war.

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The Great Compromise was a Compromise between the two sides of people that disagreed with each other on how the Senate should run. Some people wanted each state to get representatives based off of their population, some people wanted each state to have the same amount of representatives. The compromise was that for Senate, each state has 2 representatives but for Congress, it depends on the population of the state. The 3/5 compromise was the compromise where instead of having slaves count as either 1 person or 0 persons, they were counted as 3/5 of a person when counting state population

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The Articles of Confederation was a written document that formed a base skeleton of the new government. The strengths of the Articles of Confederation was that it was a good government that kept the power in check. The weakness of the Articles of Confederation was that the government didn't have enough power to run since they couldn't collect taxes or enforce laws. The Northwest Ordinance was a separate government for the north. The government was weak enough to overthrow easily, as Shay's rebellion proved/ Shay's rebellion was a violent rebellion that was done because of how much into poverty the state had become.

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Spies in the Revolutionary War used secret letters using invisible ink, secret codes, and mask letters. Spies would pretend to be either a member of the opposite side or some kind of local farmer or shopkeeper in order to gain information. There was a big operation called the Culper Spy Ring created in order to gather British Intel. Some famous spies were Benjamin Tallmadge, Abraham Woodhullian, and Nathan Hale.

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Valley Forge was a military camp for the Continental Army. The conditions there were horrible. Little food, little clothing, and harsh weather conditions. The soldiers were stationed there for 6 months in order to regroup and reorganize, but the conditions there led to many soldiers dying.

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American Strengths and Weaknesses during the Revolutionary War

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American Strengths and Weaknesses during the Revolutionary War

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Strengths
-Strong motivation to win the war
-Superior strategy
-Knowledge of the land
-Good leaders
Weaknesses
-Not a trained militia
-Insufficient funds to buy weapons and equipment

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The Declaration of Independence was a document which was created to state why and the ways of America separating from Britain. The reason for this document was everything that happened during and before the Revolutionary war. The effect of this document was that America turned into it's own separate country instead of being controlled by Britain.

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-Quartering Act
The Quartering Act was an Act passed by Britain that said that soldiers could take residence in colonists homes uninvited and demand food and a bed. Britain was trying to regain their debt from the colonies, and they wanted to make things easier for the British soldiers stationed there. The colonists were not happy about this at all, so they protested, as always.
-Townshend Acts
The Townshend Acts were acts passed by Britain which put new taxes on objects like paper, glass, lead, paint, and tea. The cause of this was still Britain trying to regain their debt from the war. The colonists weren't happy about this, so they protested, sometimes violently, especially in Boston.
-The Boston Massacre
The Boston Massacre was a bloody dispute between colonists and British soldiers. The conflict arose as colonists were protesting the British soldiers and started throwing rocks and ice balls at them. The crowd kept coming in closer and closer, until the soldiers became anxious and fired off multiple shots into the crowd, which killed 5 colonists and injured 3. After this, most of the British soldiers were executed. The colonists were furious and blamed the British entirely. This caused extreme tension leading up to the war.

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The French and Indian War was a dispute between the French and the British over land. It started out by France getting mad because Britain was trading furs with the same Natives that France was. The outcome of the war was that France lost. France got smaller population areas in North America, while Britain gained Canada, as well as all land east of the Mississippi River, and a good relationship with the Natives.