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The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

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A group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding.

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Any difference between cells, individual organisms, or groups of organisms of any species caused either by genetic differences or by the effect of environmental factors on the expression of the genetic potentials

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The evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species.

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Physical features of an organism like the bill on a bird or the fur on a bear.

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Behavioral adaptations are the things organisms do to survive. For example, bird calls and migration are behavioral adaptations. Adaptations are the result of evolution.

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A diversity index is a quantitative measure that reflects how many different types (such as species) there are in a data set (a community), and simultaneously takes into account how evenly the basic entities are distributed among those types.

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The role or function of an organism or species in an ecosystem.

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Competition is an interaction between organisms or species in which both the organisms or species are harmed. Limited supply of at least one resource used by both can be a factor.

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If an organism has adapted to an extensive range of environmental conditions for survival, it has a broad niche. This wide range of adaption and survival skills indicates that the organism can live in various different conditions.

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A niche in which the organism must have very specific environmental conditions to survive and only plays a limited role in its habitat. A specialist can only live in specific conditions and eat specific things.

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A form of symbiotic relationship between two organisms of unlike species in which one of them acts as predator that captures and feeds on the other organism that serves as the prey.

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A symbiotic relationship in which two organisms of different species exist in a relationship in which each individual fitness benefits from the activity of the other.

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A symbiotic relationship between individuals of two species in which one species obtains food or other benefits from the other without either harming or benefiting the latter.

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A symbiotic relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or in another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life.

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A type of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism, and inherit the genes of that parent only.

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A type of asexual reproduction wherein a cell divides giving rise to two cells, each having the potential to grow to the size of the original cell.

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Spores, for the most part, are units of asexual reproduction. They are produced by nonflowering plants, bacteria, fungi, and algae, and are often able to travel over long distances. Some bacteria also produce spores as a way to survive very harsh conditions.

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Cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexually.

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Budding is a type of asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud due to cell division at one particular site. The newly created organism is a clone and is genetically identical to the parent organism.

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A form of reproduction involving the fusion of female gamete and male gamete, which forms a zygote that potentially develops into an offspring genetically distinct from the parent organisms.

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The thick-walled resting cell of certain fungi and algae, arising from the fusion of two similar gametes.

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Bacterial conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a bridge-like connection between two cells. The genetic information transferred is often beneficial to the recipient.

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The cell formed by the union of a male sex cell (a sperm) and a female sex cell (an ovum). The zygote develops into the embryo following the instruction encoded in its genetic material, the DNA. The unification of a sperm and an ovum to form a zygote constitutes fertilization.

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An organism in early stages of development, before hatching from an egg. A fertilized egg that has begun cell division, often called a pre-embryo.