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1) Find the column which has your register number.

2) Post a picture or video of a light source that you see around you.
- you can obtain the image from Google image or be creative, take pictures from your surroundings!

3) Share with the class
- the name of the light source that you have posted
- how the light source is beneficial for us.

4) Scroll to the right most end of the page to answer the bonus question.

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1) Post a picture of an animal that can give out light on its own.

2) Where can you find this animal?

2) Explain how is that animal able to give off light?

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1) Post a picture of an animal that can give out light on its own.

2) Where can you find this animal?

2) Explain how is that animal able to give off light?

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This is a selfie ring light which helps to brighten up the faces of those who wish to take selfies in dimly lit places.

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Street lighting provides a number of important benefits. It can be used to promote security in urban areas and to increase the quality of life by artificially extending the hours in which it is lightso that activity can take place. Street lighting also improves safety for drivers, riders, and pedestrians.

Germaine Ng(30)
4 Sincerity

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Fireflies live in various habitats. Many species thrive in forests, fields or the margins between them. Some live in more arid areas, but they typically follow the rainy season. Fireflies are found all over the world, from North and South America to Europe and Asia.Fireflies produce a chemical reaction inside their bodies that allows them to light up. This type of light production is called bioluminescence. ... When oxygen combines with calcium, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the chemical luciferin in the presence of luciferase, a bioluminescent enzyme,light is produced.
Germaine Ng(30)
4 Sincerity

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Sun gives us light in the day  to let us see where we are going. It also keep us warm .
Neo Tong An(29)
4si

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Proxima Centauri (from Latin, meaning 'nearest [star] of Centaurus'), or Alpha Centauri C, is a red dwarf, a small low-mass star, about 4.244 light-years (1.301 pc) from the Sun in the constellation of Centaurus. It is also in the galaxy called Alpha Centauri.  Proxima Centauri b (also called Proxima b or Alpha Centauri Cb) is an exoplanet orbiting in the habitable zone of the red dwarf star Proxima Centauri, which is the closest star to the Sun and part of a triple star system. The plant may be our next home too.

Mitchell Tan(28)
4 Sincerity

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Stars are a natural source of light.They are a type of astronomical objects consisting of a luminous spheroid of plasma held together by its own gravity.

Cayenne Lee
4 Sincerity

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The sun is the main source of light during the day. It help us to see things in the day so we can carry out our activities. It is the most important source of light for all living things.

Oh Jia Wei (31)

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Fomalhaut, also designated Alpha Piscis Austrini (α Piscis Austrini, abbreviated Alpha PsA, α PsA) is the brightest star in the constellation of Piscis. It also has an exoplanet called fomalhaut b.

Mitchell Tan(28)
4Sincerity

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Crystal jellies are brightly luminescent jellies, with glowing points around the margin of the umbrella. The components required for bioluminescence include a Calcium++ activated photoprotein, called aequorin, that emits a blue-green light, and an accessory green fluorescent protein (GFP), which accepts energy from aequorin and re-emits it as green light.

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Neo Tong An(29)
4SI

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The deep sea anglerfish is one of the most bizarre-looking fish in the sea. Known scientifically as Melanocetus johnsoni, it is also one of the best-known creatures of the deep. It is one of about 200 species of anglerfish found throughout the world's oceans. The angler gets its name from the elongated dorsal spine that supports a light-producing organ known as a photophore. Through a chemical process known as bioluminescence, this photophore can produce a blue-green light similar to that of a firefly on land. The fish uses this appendage like a fishing lure, waving it back and forth to attract its prey.

Oh Jia Wei (31)

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Light bulbs helps us see in the dark when its turned on.it can also be used to light up places such as stores , streets , houses , shopping malls and lifts.

Isabelle Han (13)
4 Sincerity

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Scorpions 

No one know why scorpions glow. Some have suggested it's accidental. Some says that it is because of a chemical while others propose that scorpions could glow to lure their prey , although it seems that insect actually avoid fluorescent scorpions. the glow could warn predators or help scorpions to recognise each other , although neither possibility has been tested yet.

Isabelle Han (13)

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Scorpions 

No one know why scorpions glow. Some have suggested it's accidental. Some says that it is because of a chemical while others propose that scorpions could glow to lure their prey , although it seems that insect actually avoid fluorescent scorpions. the glow could warn predators or help scorpions to recognise each other , although neither possibility has been tested yet.

Isabelle Han (13)

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The firefly squid is found in the Western Pacific Ocean at depths of 183 to 366 metres (600–1200 feet) and is bioluminescent . The mantle, head, arms and tentacles are dotted with tiny, light-producing organs called photophores. When flashed, the light attracts small fish, which the squid can feed upon.

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While the glow-in-the-dark animals featured in this article operate through a natural process of bioluminescence, scorpions differ by glowing only under fluorescent ultraviolet light. Scorpions possess a number of small “eyes” along their bodies, prompting some researchers to suggest that the entire fluorescent exoskeleton itself functions as a light sensor. This has led to the widespread use of UV lights to quickly spotlight the predatory arthropods during scorpion research surveys. For the scorpions themselves, the ultraviolet fluorescing exoskeleton might be used to pick up the shadows of starlight and moonlight.

Like fireflies, scorpions inhabit every continent except Antarctica. They feed on a wide variety of small prey that they catch in their claws, following up with their notorious stinging tail. Interestingly, less than 2.5 percent of the more than 1,000 scorpion species in the world are deadly to humans.

Mitchell Tan(28)
4Sincerity

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Fire can be very useful if it is treated carefully. It has always been very important for people to be able to make fire. People need its heat to keep warm on cold days. It is also used to cook things. Its light can be useful to be able to see in dark places.Most heat engine s work by fire too.

Kavan(15)
4 sincerity

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When the Motyxia millipede, the manylegged creature of California’s Sequoia and Kings Canyon national parks, gives off its eerie greenish-blue light, it’s a warning. Motyxia is a genus of cyanide-producing millipedes  Predators such as mice that are hungry for an evening snack will get cyanide poisoning if they dare to dine on these insects. Adult Motyxia reach 3 to 4 cm in length, 4.5 to 8 mm wide, with 20 body segments.The life cycle of M. sequoiae was studied in detail in the early 1950s.

Kavan(15)

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Please enjoy the video!     Axel mok

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Fire

Fire gives off heat and light.  Fire keeps us warm when we are cold.

Xue Li, 4 Si

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Fire

Fire gives off heat and light.  Fire keeps us warm when we are cold.

Xue Li, 4 Si

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Glow in the dark sharks           Axel mok

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Glow in the dark sharks           Axel mok

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Please enjoy the video!

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Glow-in-the-dark sharks and other stunning sea creatures | David Gruber

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Te sun gives off light and heat .It is our main source on Earth.The sun gives off heat to keep us warm.
Hence,it gives us light in the day to
help us see and not in the darkness.

Chua Xue Zhi(6)
4 Sincerity

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light house helps people see in the dark at the sea.

Chua Xue Qin
4SI

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Candles are man made. They can help to light up the house when there is a blackout. They can also be used during birthdays. It is a light source as it gives off light.

Goh Ray Chard(12)
4 Sincerity

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SDSS1133

SDSS1133  is a unusual source  of light 90 million light-years away it was discovered in the year 2015 and month October the mega star has changed a little in optical or ultraviolet light for a decade the source has brightened visible light considerably during the past six months(in 2015) it is also a part of the planet dwarf galaxy Markarian 177.

Gerrard Ong-4sincerity-33

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Elina Yong (8)

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Elina Yong (8)

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Elina Yong (8) This is a torchlight which helps to shine at things in the dark

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Light is emitted from the exoskeleton of the millipede continuosly, with peak wavelenght of 495 nm(the light intensifies when the millipede is handled). Emission of light is uniform across the exoskeleton,, and all the appendages(legs, antennae) and body rings emit light. Ashleigh Lim

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Light suits are very bright and cool they are often used on shows or in dances you can also make them with light sticks it is very easy!this kind of light is a neon light it is man-made and is a very cool item to use in dances
(Video below)
Gerrard Ong-33-

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These glowing snails can glow in the dark in the form of dim flashes. The clusterwink snail is the only snail that flicker their shells like little light-bulbs. The spiral shells emit a blue-green glow in flashes as a form of self-defence. Actually, it is the shell that spread the light which is produced from a single mushy spot of the snail’s body. This light shocks the secondary predator, and even attracts the tertiary predator.

Goh Ray Chard (12)
4 Sincerity

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Railroad worms are larvae and female larviforms, which are adults(about two inches in length) that resemble larvae and belong to the same beetle superfamily as fireflies. They are one of the few organisms that achieve the remarkable feat of emitting not one but two colors in different parts of their body. These worms are found in South America. The worms resemble a miniature train bustling away at night: The head glows a fiery red whereas the body emits green light through eleven pairs of luminous spots arranged in rows. Ashleigh Lim

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The green light allows traffic to proceed in the direction denoted, if it is safe to do so and there is room on the other side of the intersection. The amber light warns that the signal is about to change to red. Ashleigh Lim(2)

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Bus exit reader

The bus reader is like a small monitor that shows information like the bus stop name, your bus fare, your card balance, etc and with scanning functions.

Faith Leong En Qi (10)
4 Sincerity

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LED Ceiling light with crystal

LED Ceiling light with crystal that reflects, scattering lights to show the 7 colours of light.

Faith Leong En Qi (10)
4 Si

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Torch light can help us see in the dark. It runs on batteries  not wax so it wont create a lot of mess.

JERRIEL CHIA(14)
4SINCERITY

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A laser is a special machine that makes an single color source of light,it uses are special gases or crystals to make light or a single color.Whereas,a laser generates a tight beam,a flashlight produces light,that is diffuse.laser lights also come in different colors like neon,e.t.c.
Yanting(17)
4 Sincerity

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Squids may have something to teach us about making the most of a messy situation.

The glass squid is a small deep-sea animal whose body is nearly completely translucent to help it avoid predators. The squid’s only readily apparent, opaque feature is its dark eye spots. Scientists had reasoned that an organ known as a photophore keeps the squid camouflaged through redirecting light around the eye to help it blend in with the natural light of its environment.

Alison Sweeney, an assistant professor in the Department of Physics & Astronomy in the School of Arts & Sciences, and postdoctoral student Amanda Holt, investigate how deep sea creatures interact with light. They wanted to know just how this photophore rearranges natural light to camouflage the squid.

They were surprised to find that that transmission of light through the photophore was a very “leaky” system.

“The photophores are meant to protect them from predators that are looking up and seeing shadows from the bright down-welling light,” Holt says, “but there’s also light coming [out] from the sides.”

From an engineering standpoint, this light leaking out the sides of the squid before reaching the end of the system would be considered inefficient. But when Sweeney and Holt modeled how light travels in the squid’s natural environment, they found that the leaking is actually advantageous.

Because of leaks in the system, the squid is able to better blend into its environment from many angles. And because of differences among the different kinds of cells in the photophore, they can replicate this camouflage in different water qualities.

“In general, animals are a lot more sophisticated in the ways they use light than we give them credit for,” says Sweeney.  “You also have to have a fair bit of biological insight to know what might be going on and fully understand them.”

The messiness of biological systems like the photophore may help to shed light on a persistent problem in engineering: creating materials on the nano scale.

“In the nano field—where engineers are trying to get control of structures at single to tens of nanometer length scales—it’s hard to scale those processes,” Sweeney says. “You can make a very small batch of some really, really nice well-controlled ones, but then as soon as you try to make more you lose that small scale control.”

Sweeney says that biology is a source of solutions to this problem, since the effectiveness of systems like in the photophore has been proven by natural selection. The trick may be in allowing for a certain amount of messiness.

“If you can more or less make one thing and then a controlled number of variants of that thing, you can actually use that to your advantage to make something that has more functionality than the completely controlled version would have had,” Sweeney says. “I think looking to biology to leverage the mess in some sense can help us better understand how to better take advantage of, rather than completely get rid of, mess in nanofabrication techniques.”
NAME:Clarisa [40] 4si

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A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source that emits light when current flows through it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron holes, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence. The color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photons) is determined by the energy required for electrons to cross the band gap of the semiconductor.White light is obtained by using multiple semiconductors or a layer of light-emitting phosphor on the semiconductor device.

LEDs have many advantages over incandescent light sources, including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved physical robustness, smaller size, and faster switching. Light-emitting diodes are used in applications as diverse as aviation lighting, automotive headlamps, advertising, general lighting, traffic signals, camera flashes, lighted wallpaper and medical devices.

Unlike a laser, the color of light emitted from an LED is neither coherent nor monochromatic, but the spectrum is narrow with respect to human vision, and functionally monochromatic.

Bryan Lee[19]

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The Cookie Cutter Shark, which barely comes to the surface of the sea, has a unique way of eating: it cuts off cookie-sized chunks of flesh from the body parts of its prey. The ventral part of its dark brown body is thick with cells that emit light a cold light. This light combines with the dim light filtering from the sky and blurs the familiar outline of the shark in the sea.

Cookie Cutter Shark can be found in the warm, temperate and tropical waters of Atlantic and Pacific Ocean,  particularly near islands, and has been recorded as deep as 3.7 km (2.3 mi).

Cookie Cutter Shark has light-emitting organs, called photophores, on the underside of the body. It can produce continuous greenish light or strobe-like, flashing light. Bioluminescence (production of light) is used mainly for the attraction of the prey. Cookiecutter shark is able to emit light up to 3 hours after death.

Faith Leong En Qi (10)
4 Sincerity

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The Neon lamp is a low pressure gas discharge lamp. It is a cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL). The term "Neon Lamp" is used to describe a CCFL with a tube diameter less than 15 millimeters. Due to the great popularity and ubiquity of the neon lamp we consider it one of the 12 main types of electric lamps in this History of the Electric Lamp.
Travis Lim(22

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A night light helps us to see in the dark.

Toddlers can also benefit from night lights.  Some children are terrified of the dark and night lights can take away all of these fears with their soft glow.

Lucas Ritchie (25)

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Ctenophora (/tɪˈnɒfərə/; singular ctenophore, /ˈtɛnəfɔːr/ or /ˈtiːnəfɔːr/; from Ancient Greek: κτείς, translit. kteis, lit. 'comb'[7] and φέρω, pherō, 'to carry'; commonly known as comb jellies) comprise a phylum of invertebrate animals that live in marine waters worldwide. They are notable for the groups of cilia they use for swimming (commonly referred to as "combs"), and they are the largest animals to swim with the help of cilia. Depending on the species, adult ctenophores range from a few millimeters to 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) in size. Only 100 to 150 species have been validated, and possibly another 25 have not been fully described and named. The textbook examples are cydippids with egg-shaped bodies and a pair of retractable tentacles fringed with tentilla ("little tentacles") that are covered with colloblasts, sticky cells that capture prey. Their bodies consist of a mass of jelly, with one layer two cells thick on the outside and another lining the internal cavity. The phylum has a wide range of body forms, including the egg-shaped cydippids with retractable tentacles that capture prey, the flat generally combless platyctenids, and the large-mouthed beroids, which prey on other ctenophores.
Kimi Wee(16)

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Rigel (/ˈraɪdʒəl, -ɡəl/), also designated β Orionis (Latinized to Beta Orionis, abbreviated Beta Ori, β Ori), is on average the seventh-brightest star in the night skyand the brightest in the constellation of Orion—though occasionally it is outshone within the constellation by the variable star Betelgeuse. It varies irregularly between apparent magnitude +0.05 and +0.18.

Although appearing as a single star to the naked eye, Rigel is actually a multiple star system. The name Rigel strictly refers to the brightest component of this system. It is a massive blue-white supergiant estimated to be anywhere from 61,500 to 363,000 times as luminous as the Sun, depending on the method used to calculate its properties and assumptions about its distance, thought to be about 860 light-years (260 pc). Rigel has begun to exhaust the hydrogen in its core, causing the star to expand to over 70 times the Sun's radius. Its small intrinsic brightness changes are caused by pulsations and it is classified as an Alpha Cygni variable.

Rigel's brightest companion is itself a likely triple star system, separated from Rigel by 9.5″. Often referred to as Rigel B, it has a combined apparent magnitude of 6.7, but is still over 400 times fainter than the primary star and visible only with a telescope. Rigel B is a spectroscopic binary composed of the components Ba and Bb. It also has a very close visual companion, component C, of almost equal brightness to B, making the BC subsystem a triple star system.
Kimi wee (16)

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This marine snail, Hinea brasiliana, produces bright green flashes of light like an alarm when other creatures rub past its shell.

Tracing the mysterious green flashes of light produced by a sea snail has revealed a creature built to shine from the inside – and with a shell that may be designed for communication as well as protection.

Typically found in tight clusters or groups at rocky shorelines, the clusterwink snail, or Hinea brasiliana, was known to produce light. But scientists like Dimitri Deheyn assumed the sea snails did their light thing just like their pals on the land. Terrestrial snails produce a glowing light from their foot when it's sticking outside the shell.

Bryan Lee[19]

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look how they perform using light as there costume it is super cool.I wonder how they made there costumes                                                  HOPE YOU ENJOY THE VIDEO NAME:Cl

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Gently singing Twinkle, twinkle, little star may lull a baby to sleep, but beyond the confines of Earth's atmosphere, the words aren't exactly accurate. A correct, albeit less soothing, rendition might be: Emit, emit, gigantic ball of gas.

Stars are huge celestial bodies made mostly of hydrogen and helium that produce light and heat from the churning nuclear forges inside their cores. Aside from our sun, the dots of light we see in the sky are all light-years from Earth. They are the building blocks of galaxies, of which there are billions in the universe. It's impossible to know how many stars exist, but astronomers estimate that in our Milky Way galaxy alone, there are about 300 billion.

A star is born

The life cycle of a star spans billions of years. As a general rule, the more massive the star, the shorter its life span.

Birth takes place inside hydrogen-based dust clouds called nebulae. Over the course of thousands of years, gravity causes pockets of dense matter inside the nebula to collapse under their own weight. One of these contracting masses of gas, known as a protostar, represents a star's nascent phase. Because the dust in the nebulae obscures them, protostars can be difficult for astronomers to detect.

As a protostar gets smaller, it spins faster because of the conservation of angular momentum-the same principle that causes a spinning ice skater to accelerate when she pulls in her arms. Increasing pressure creates rising temperatures, and during this time, a star enters what is known as the relatively brief T Tauri phase.

Millions of years later, when the core temperature climbs to about 27 million degrees Fahrenheit (15 million degrees Celsius), nuclear fusion begins, igniting the core and setting off the next-and longest-stage of a star's life, known as its main sequence.

Most of the stars in our galaxy, including the sun, are categorized as main sequence stars. They exist in a stable state of nuclear fusion, converting hydrogen to helium and radiating x-rays. This process emits an enormous amount of energy, keeping the star hot and shining brightly.

All that glitters

Some stars shine more brightly than others. Their brightness is a factor of how much energy they put out-known as luminosity -and how far away from Earth they are. Color can also vary from star to star because their temperatures are not all the same. Hot stars appear white or blue, whereas cooler stars appear to have orange or red hues.

By plotting these and other variables on a graph called the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, astronomers can classify stars into groups. Along with main sequence and white dwarf stars, other groups include dwarfs, giants, and supergiants. Supergiants may have radii a thousand times larger than that of our own sun.

Stars spend 90 percent of their lives in their main sequence phase. Now around 4.6 billion years old, Earth's sun is considered an average-size yellow dwarf star, and astronomers predict it will remain in its main sequence stage for several billion more years.

As stars move toward the ends of their lives, much of their hydrogen has been converted to helium. Helium sinks to the star's core and raises the star's temperature-causing its outer shell of hot gases to expand. These large, swelling stars are known as red giants. But there are different ways a star's life can end, and its fate depends on how massive the star is.

The red giant phase is actually a prelude to a star shedding its outer layers and becoming a small, dense body called a white dwarf. White dwarfs cool for billions of years. Some, if they exist as part of a binary star system, may gather excess matter from their companion stars until their surfaces explode, triggering a bright nova. Eventually all white dwarfs go dark and cease producing energy. At this point, which scientists have yet to observe, they become known as black dwarfs.

Big bang

Massive stars eschew this evolutionary path and instead go out with a bang-detonating as supernovae. While they may appear to be swelling red giants on the outside, their cores are actually contracting, eventually becoming so dense that they collapse, causing the star to explode. These catastrophic bursts leave behind a small core that may become a neutron star or even, if the remnant is massive enough, a black hole.

Because certain supernovae have a predictable pattern of destruction and resulting luminosity, astronomers are able to use them as "standard candles," or astronomical measuring tools, to help them measure distances in the universe and calculate its rate of expansion.

Looking up

Depending on cloud cover and where you're standing, you may see countless stars blanketing the sky above you, or none at all. In cities and other densely populated areas, light pollution makes it nearly impossible to stargaze. By contrast, some parts of the world are so dark that looking up reveals the night sky in all its rich celestial glory.

Ancient cultures looked to the sky for all sorts of reasons. By identifying different configurations of stars-known as constellations-and tracking their movements, they could follow the seasons for farming as well as chart courses across the seas. There are dozens of constellations. Many are named for mythical figures, such as Cassiopeia and Orion the Hunter. Others are named for the animals they resemble, such as Ursa Minor (Little Bear) and Canus Major (Big Dog).

Today astronomers use constellations as guideposts for naming newly discovered stars. Constellations also continue to serve as navigational tools. In the Southern Hemisphere, for example, the famous Southern Cross constellation is used as a point of orientation. Meanwhile people in the north may rely on Polaris, or the North Star, for direction. Polaris is part of the well-known constellation Ursa Minor, which includes the famous star pattern known as the Little Dipper.

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Everything you wanted to know about stars

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Gently singing Twinkle, twinkle, little star may lull a baby to sleep, but beyond the confines of Earth's atmosphere, the words aren't exactly accurate. A correct, albeit less soothing, rendition might be: Emit, emit, gigantic ball of gas. Stars are huge celestial bodies made mostly of hydrogen and helium that produce light and heat from the churning nuclear forges inside their cores.

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the glow worms live in the glow worm cave. this glow worm cave can be  found in Australia.Glow worms uses its glows to attract food and burns off waste. It's tail glows because of bioluminescence. insects get attracted by the light so they fly towards the light and they get stuck by the sticky lines of the glow worms,it will hang down to catch food.
yanting (17)
4 sincerity

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The Sapphirina or sea sapphire is a small, parasitic crustacean or copepod. Tiny and transparent, this creature is found in the marine environment all over the world. These animals don’t glow: the sparkle. The reason behind this is the iridescent, crystal plates inside the epidermal cells which catch light and reflect it back. Different species give off different colours of light, including golden, blue, etc. This display of luminescence is only in case of the males who probably use this as a way of attracting the females. They light up, and within the blink of an eye, they are gone, creating the most stupendous experience ever for the observer.

Travis Lim (22)

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Some bacteria, which live in the marine environment or the decomposition or guts of sea creatures, have the capability to produce light. Many animals live in symbiosis with these bacteria, and, in return for shelter and nutrition in their bodies, use their bioluminescence. The Angler fish, for instance, has bacteria living in its barb-like escae, which glow to give using their bioluminescence. Flashlight fish have bacteria residing in the small organs beneath their eyes while the Hawaiian Bobtail Squids give shelter to such bacteria in their mantles. Name: Teagan lum 4 Si

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Lampposts
Lampposts have a light bulb inside of it. It uses electricity to let the light bulb shine. We need lampposts as, if it is at night, and we cannot see, the lampposts will on and it will let us see clearly. If we cannot see properly, we may get injured. We need light to see. Lampposts Is a source of light.
Erika Brown.(9)

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Victorian Lamp Posts Explained - Rochester 3.4metre

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Gently singing Twinkle, twinkle, little star may lull a baby to sleep, but beyond the confines of Earth's atmosphere, the words aren't exactly accurate. A correct, albeit less soothing, rendition might be: Emit, emit, gigantic ball of gas.

Stars are huge celestial bodies made mostly of hydrogen and helium that produce light and heat from the churning nuclear forges inside their cores. Aside from our sun, the dots of light we see in the sky are all light-years from Earth. They are the building blocks of galaxies, of which there are billions in the universe. It's impossible to know how many stars exist, but astronomers estimate that in our Milky Way galaxy alone, there are about 300 billion.

A star is born

The life cycle of a star spans billions of years. As a general rule, the more massive the star, the shorter its life span.

Birth takes place inside hydrogen-based dust clouds called nebulae. Over the course of thousands of years, gravity causes pockets of dense matter inside the nebula to collapse under their own weight. One of these contracting masses of gas, known as a protostar, represents a star's nascent phase. Because the dust in the nebulae obscures them, protostars can be difficult for astronomers to detect.

As a protostar gets smaller, it spins faster because of the conservation of angular momentum-the same principle that causes a spinning ice skater to accelerate when she pulls in her arms. Increasing pressure creates rising temperatures, and during this time, a star enters what is known as the relatively brief T Tauri phase.

Millions of years later, when the core temperature climbs to about 27 million degrees Fahrenheit (15 million degrees Celsius), nuclear fusion begins, igniting the core and setting off the next-and longest-stage of a star's life, known as its main sequence.

Most of the stars in our galaxy, including the sun, are categorized as main sequence stars. They exist in a stable state of nuclear fusion, converting hydrogen to helium and radiating x-rays. This process emits an enormous amount of energy, keeping the star hot and shining brightly.

All that glitters

Some stars shine more brightly than others. Their brightness is a factor of how much energy they put out-known as luminosity -and how far away from Earth they are. Color can also vary from star to star because their temperatures are not all the same. Hot stars appear white or blue, whereas cooler stars appear to have orange or red hues.

By plotting these and other variables on a graph called the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, astronomers can classify stars into groups. Along with main sequence and white dwarf stars, other groups include dwarfs, giants, and supergiants. Supergiants may have radii a thousand times larger than that of our own sun.

Stars spend 90 percent of their lives in their main sequence phase. Now around 4.6 billion years old, Earth's sun is considered an average-size yellow dwarf star, and astronomers predict it will remain in its main sequence stage for several billion more years.

As stars move toward the ends of their lives, much of their hydrogen has been converted to helium. Helium sinks to the star's core and raises the star's temperature-causing its outer shell of hot gases to expand. These large, swelling stars are known as red giants. But there are different ways a star's life can end, and its fate depends on how massive the star is.

The red giant phase is actually a prelude to a star shedding its outer layers and becoming a small, dense body called a white dwarf. White dwarfs cool for billions of years. Some, if they exist as part of a binary star system, may gather excess matter from their companion stars until their surfaces explode, triggering a bright nova. Eventually all white dwarfs go dark and cease producing energy. At this point, which scientists have yet to observe, they become known as black dwarfs.

Big bang

Massive stars eschew this evolutionary path and instead go out with a bang-detonating as supernovae. While they may appear to be swelling red giants on the outside, their cores are actually contracting, eventually becoming so dense that they collapse, causing the star to explode. These catastrophic bursts leave behind a small core that may become a neutron star or even, if the remnant is massive enough, a black hole.

Because certain supernovae have a predictable pattern of destruction and resulting luminosity, astronomers are able to use them as "standard candles," or astronomical measuring tools, to help them measure distances in the universe and calculate its rate of expansion.

Looking up

Depending on cloud cover and where you're standing, you may see countless stars blanketing the sky above you, or none at all. In cities and other densely populated areas, light pollution makes it nearly impossible to stargaze. By contrast, some parts of the world are so dark that looking up reveals the night sky in all its rich celestial glory.

Ancient cultures looked to the sky for all sorts of reasons. By identifying different configurations of stars-known as constellations-and tracking their movements, they could follow the seasons for farming as well as chart courses across the seas. There are dozens of constellations. Many are named for mythical figures, such as Cassiopeia and Orion the Hunter. Others are named for the animals they resemble, such as Ursa Minor (Little Bear) and Canus Major (Big Dog).

Today astronomers use constellations as guideposts for naming newly discovered stars. Constellations also continue to serve as navigational tools. In the Southern Hemisphere, for example, the famous Southern Cross constellation is used as a point of orientation. Meanwhile people in the north may rely on Polaris, or the North Star, for direction. Polaris is part of the well-known constellation Ursa Minor, which includes the famous star pattern known as the Little Dipper.

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Everything you wanted to know about stars

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Gently singing Twinkle, twinkle, little star may lull a baby to sleep, but beyond the confines of Earth's atmosphere, the words aren't exactly accurate. A correct, albeit less soothing, rendition might be: Emit, emit, gigantic ball of gas. Stars are huge celestial bodies made mostly of hydrogen and helium that produce light and heat from the churning nuclear forges inside their cores.

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Candles is the main source of light.We use candles in the olden times when we did not have any other sources of light.

Megan Lim(2

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A POWERFUL EXPERIENCE | The Beginner's Guide

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A supernova can light the sky up for weeks, and the massive transfer of matter and energy leaves behind a very different star. Typically only a tiny core of neutrons, a spinning neutron star, is left to evidence a supernova. Neutron stars give off radio waves in a steady stream or, as pulsars, in intermittent bursts                Name: Teagan Lum 4 Si

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How Deep Sea Creatures Emit Their Own Light | The New York Times

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Atolla  jelly fish is a kind of jellyfish which you don’t regularly see in the ocean. Let’s watch this video to find out more!
Erika Brown (9)

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That is why these are also called as man made sources. The common examples of artificial sources of light are candles, electric bulb, electric tube.
Hayley Lim (21)

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Arachnocampa Gnats is also known as the New Zealand Glowworm, this fungus gnat is a luminescent creature that dwells in wet caves, humid forests and grottoes. The caves, one of the most famous being the Waitomo, are infested by these worms who form a glowing canopy as they stick to the ceilings or walls of caves, or form glow worm threads.
Quek Meng Kiat(36)

4 Sincerity

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Stars
Stars help us see things clearer during  the night.They are light sources as they give off their own light.

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Stars
Stars help us see things clearer during  the night.They are light sources as they give off their own light.

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Chere Loo(23)

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Torch Light is a source of light      which is man-made.Torch light is a useful source of light.It helps us to see in the dark.The torch can be use when there is a blackout.
Quek Meng Kiat
36
4 Sincerity

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The anglerfish is a fish of the teleost order Lophiiformes (/ˌlɒfiɪˈfɔːrmiːz/).[1] It is a bony fish named for its characteristic mode of predation, in which a fleshy growth from the fish's head (the esca or illicium) acts as a lure.

Some anglerfish are also notable for extreme sexual dimorphism and sexual symbiosis of the small male with the much larger female, seen in the suborder Ceratioidei. In these species, males may be several orders of magnitude smaller than females.[2]

Anglerfish occur worldwide. Some are pelagic (dwelling away from the sea floor), while others are benthic (dwelling close to the sea floor); some live in the deep sea (e.g., Ceratiidae), while others on the continental shelf (e.g., the frogfishes Antennariidae and the monkfish/goosefish Lophiidae). Pelagic forms are most laterally compressed, whereas the benthic forms are often extremely dorso ventrallycompressed (depressed), often with large upward-pointing mouths.
Chere Loo(23)
4Sin

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1.Germaine
2. Tong An
3. Jia Wei
4. Isabelle
5. Mitchell Tan
6. Kavan
7. Axel
8. Ashleigh
9. Ray Chard
10. Clarissa
11. Faith
12. Kimi
13. Bryan
14. Travis
15. Teagan
16. Erika
17. Meng Kiat
18. Chere Loo
19. Yan Ting

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Polarized table lamp -consist of Polarizing Filter Technology to reduce glare and protect your eyes
Joi Ong (32)
4 sincerity 

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Polarized table lamp -consist of Polarizing Filter Technology to reduce glare and protect your eyes
Joi Ong (32)
4 sincerity 

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This reaction helps our earth maintain its electrical balance as lightning helps transfer negative charges back to the earth. ... Lightning strikes help dissolve this unusable nitrogen in water, which then creates a natural fertilizer that plants can absorb through their roots.

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Bioluminescent bacteria are light-producing bacteria that are predominantly present in sea water, marine sediments, the surface of decomposing fish and in the gut of marine animals. While not as common, bacterial bioluminescence is also found in terrestrial and freshwater bacteria