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-Density= g/ml or g/cm3
-volume always needs to be very specific
-mass: weight you find from balance
-volume: L x W x H or the amt of liquid in the graduated cylinder(use bottom of meniscus to read amt)
-volume of irregular shaped objects can be found by water measurement

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-UNIVERSAL SOLVENT

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-boiling point is the same as condensation

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-Melting Point is the same as freezing point
-if substance does not melt under 100C, go to evaporating dish melting point

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-fractural distillation: separate mixed together liquids
-recognizing the phase of matter can help when identifying a substance in sludge
-separating substances into toxic and nontoxic; all substances need to be completely separated and identified by end of lab

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sink or float

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-testing objects that sink in water
-green or orange flame
-green flame=PVC(polyvinyl chloride)

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-testing objects with orange copper flame
-reaction or no reaction
-reaction=PS(polystyrene

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Physical Means-pick them apart with tweezers or by hand

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Evaporate the liquid, and use evaporating dish and a watch glass. Put the watch glass over the dish with the curve side down.

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Use a funnel and filter paper. Fold the paper into quarters to fit the funnel. Wet the sides of the funnel. Make sure you have something under the funnel to catch the liquid.

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Magnetic Material and Non-Magnetic Material

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Magnetic Material and Non-Magnetic Material

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Move a magnet gently through the mixture collecting any magnetic material on the magnet. Use a scoopula or your hands to remove magnetic material into a massing boat. Continue until nothing else sticks to the magnet.

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Fractural Distillation: Vaporization and Condensation of one liquid at a time at different boiling points for as many different liquids that are combined.

Distillation: process of vaporizing and condensing one liquid for purification

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Reaction=PET(polythylene terephthalate)

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How to find solute from solution:
-boil solution in evaporating dish until all liquid is gone and solute is left as powder in dish

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-sinks or floats
-sinks = HDPE(high density polyethylene)

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-sinks or floats
-SINKS = LDPE(low density polyethylene
-FLOATS = PP(polypropylene)

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-magnetic products will stick to magnet
-put magnet in substance until no more product is on the magnet

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-flaming stick test
-if product is flammable or not

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-put acid on substance and look for bubbles
-make sure to wash all acid off dish

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-what you see
-dissolves: soluble

-does not dissolve: insoluble

-concentrated: more solute

-dilute: less solute

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-what you measure(#'s)
-saturated: perfect amount to dissolve

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-to find solute: boil liquid, solid solute will be left over

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1. Fractural distillation
2. Soluble solid

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1. Metals(done by day 1)
2. Nonmetals(powders)
3. Plastics

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3. All Substances Pure For Identification

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3. All Substances Pure For Identification

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-when liquid is pure it is clear

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1. Density

2. Boiling Point

3. Micro-melting point

4. Solubility

5. Magnetism

6. Flammability

7. Acid test

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Final test of liquids that should be done