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Most deserts are in the middle of continents, e.g. Africa, Australia, little bit of USA and Asia. Deserts are placed in the continents above because in those areas there is the lowest rainfall annually and really hot temperature.

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clear skies and little agriculture to insulate the ground

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Daily and seasonal temperatures fluctuate widely

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1st Trophic Level:

Primary ProducersPlants - These are plants that make food through photosynthesis. Limited by the availability of water, they produce fewer than 200 Kilocalories of food for the animals for each square meter each year. Including:

Trees, shrubs, cactus, wildflowers, grasses
2nd Trophic Level:

Primary Consumers

Herbivores These animals are usually small and eat little. Many are insects, or reptiles, who are cold blooded and who use less energy to maintain their bodies than mammals and birds do. As food for predators, they provide about 20 Kilocalories per square meter per year for predators. Including: Ants and other insects, rats and mice
3rd Trophic Level:

Secondary ConsumersSmall Carnivores - The

predators are the secondary consumers. They occupy the third trophic level. Again we see cold-blooded animals, such as snakes, insect-eating lizards, and tarantualas. Only about 2 Kilocalories per square meter per year are stored in their bodies. In the harsher desert environments, they are the top predators.
4th Trophic Level:

Tertiary Consumers

Carnivores - These are high level consumers, carnivores that will eat other carnivores.

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infrequent and unpredictable precipitation

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nomadic tribes, low population density
rich in minerals (gulf countries in the middle east) Irrigation by underground water tapping

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30 degrees north and south of the equator

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desertification

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20-30% of the earth's surface

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low moisture levels

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Low biodiversity
Soil is rich in nutrients
Plants are drought resistant - adaption to store water and reduced transpiration
Animals are also adapted to the conditions in the desert - small mammals adapt by being nocturnal
as it is cold in the evening and hot in the day
Net productivity is low

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Water is limited
precipitation is less then 250 mm per year and irregular
E>P