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Aid is a form of way to help or provide assistance to people in need. Aid is often used to refer to help given in the form of food, money, medical supplies, etc., to a country or group of people that is in need or because of an emergency.

Why its said a waste? The most common argument about it is because of corruption. that when health aid is stolen or wasted, it costs lives. For example is a scandal in Cambodia involving a bed net program run by The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. Cambodian officials were caught
taking six-figure kickbacks from contractors. The another arguments from critics is that aid holds back normal economic development, keeping
countries dependent on generosity from outsiders. However it has some mistakes on it.

Altough there are many arguments doesnt support there is a positive impacts of foreign aid . health are evident by the many programs that were made possible through foreign aid. These include, but not limited to, immunization against vaccine-preventable diseases, detection and treatment of TB, reception of antiretroviral therapy, strengthening health systems and immunization services, distribution of insecticide-related bed nets and the drastic drop in the number of polio cases and polio-endemic countries. By improving global health, expenses on treatment are reduced, which eventually makes health aid better

Its not being a waste at all, however there are many negative arguments, It still has much more positive reasons to do. We shouldnt focus on how it works but focus on how it gives big help to saves many lives

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These days, foreign aid is oftenly criticized based on several assumptions by the general public. However, Bill Gates, with his way of perceiving the issue, thinks that all the assumptions regarding the negative impacts of foreign aid can arguably be proven false. He started a foundation with Melinda 14 years ago, and have been seeing positive results ever since. He thinks that aid is a great investment, judging by how aid has been doing a great contribution to live improvements, the groundworks and some long-term economic progresses. He debunked several aid-related myths to prove that aid is, in fact, helpful.

Myth number 1 is that aid is wasting the country’s budget, and a lot of the budget can be saved by cutting back the aid. In fact, by seeing the amount of money the budget shares with the aid, only less than 3% is spent so the myth can be concluded as a misconception. Another myth is that aid gets wasted on corruption. But then again, handling small-scaled corruptions is much easier than handling other aid-related issues. The next myth is that aid tends to make some countries relatively more dependent on generosity from outsiders. This myth generalizes all kinds of aid & neglecting some countries that have grown so much by being aid recipients.

Health aid has made a significant change to people’s life expectancy. In the future, it is expected that all countries have the ability to provide a fair amount of aids to solve their internal problems, starting off by cutting subsidies and taxing some resources to fund the aid.

In conclusion, foreign aid is not always a big waste. It all depends on how the recipient countries regulates the aid and how the donor countries settles the aid they give. We have to discuss & spend more time talking about how aid can work better. We should never criticize something only based on small issues caused by it.

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Sorry miss, we forgot to submit the assignments again:(

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What do you think about foreign aid? Foreign aid is assistance from other countries to help less fortunate countries. Many people think that foreign aid is a big waste because of some reason. They think that their country should to cut it and allocated the cost for another importance. This issue interests Bill Gates who often spent his wealth on helped poor countries through foreign aid. He gave his opinion and a clarification about this. That foreign aid does not waste, corruption is one of the things that causes this waste to occur.

A lot of media has published that foreign aid is such a waste that based only on small examples, which gives distorted views to people. The truth is, it's an effective way to fight poverty and disease in less fortunate countries. Many people thought that the amount of a country's budget for aid is large, but it's not. Even the most generous country, Norway, only give less than 3 percent, and in the US, it's way less than health and military budget. But with that, it could save lots of children out there.

One of the biggest impact from the foreign aid is in health. It helps abolished polio and measles, eradicated smallpox, and fight AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria around the world. But not all the aid has given to the recipient. There is a big ineffective budget written as transportation costs or anything that unnecessary. And this fact also finds another truth that some official taking kickbacks from contractors. This maybe just a small-scale corruption, but it should to be abolished.

That’s why, we believe that foreign aid isn't a big waste. It's not faultless, but still, it's a great investment. When developed countries stopped the aid, it will be a threat for poor countries that really need help. The population of these countries, especially children, could become vulnerable from disease, starvation, and poor living. They just need to keep their generations become healthy and having their future guaranteed. With those aids, these generations can develop their country in the future and become self-sufficient.

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In recent years, various media have portrayed foreign aid in a negative light. By overgeneralizing specific instances where aid has failed, news outlets offer a distorted view on the concept of foreign help. In reality, foreign aid has managed to rescue people from poverty, improve their health, and kickstart long term economic progress. To prove this, Bill Gates elaborates on the impacts of foreign aid and the concerns related to its application.

The positive impacts of foreign aid spreads far and wide around the world. Real and significant improvements in global health are evident by the many programs that were made possible through foreign aid. These include, but not limited to, immunization against vaccine-preventable diseases, detection and treatment of TB, reception of antiretroviral therapy, strengthening health systems and immunization services, distribution of insecticide-related bed nets and the drastic drop in the number of polio cases and polio-endemic countries. Millions of children are saved with the expense of about thirty billion dollars per year, or approximately only less than 1% of the US budget. This number argues with the public's assumption that foreign aid covers 10-25% of the government's budget, further clarifying that such a small portion of money can result in great global impacts, keeping in mind that the amount of aid have not included the long-term investments for the children such as education, nutrition, et cetera. Additionally, foreign aid gives an impact to economic growth. By improving global health, expenses on treatment are reduced, which eventually makes health aid an extremely great investment.

However, foreign aid also brings concerns and controversies, though not all of them are without solution. An example would be the misuse of the money, also known as corruption. Foreign aid being misused by a bunch of irresponsible officials is almost inevitable to occur. Despite that, corruption can be reduced but not eliminated, since all governments are prone to corrupt. Bill Gates suggested a solution by reducing the amount of foreign aid, thus decreasing the chance of misuse. Aid reduction is much more liable and safer than to completely stop helping the poor. Besides corruption, critics also argued that aid holds back normal economic development, keeping countries dependent on the generosity from outsiders. However, this argument ignores the fact that different aids have different targets, and many are meant to encourage developing countries to be more independent. The argument also dismisses the countries that have graduated from being aid recipients. In addition, several countries such as China may become a net donor due to a surplus of aid.

To conclude, foreign aid has made significant positive impacts on global health, which in turn improves general welfare and promotes economic growth.  Though there are controversies, they are not worth fussing over compared to the considerable benefits foreign aid brings. In the end, foreign aid turns out not to be a big waste at all, as how the media portays it. Instead, it is truly a big help on improving the quality of people's lives around the world.

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FOREIGN AID IS A BIG WASTE

Foreign aid is a phenomenal investment. It has been proved that many people's lives are saved by the impact of it. However, there are still a lot of arguments and criticisms stated that foreign aid is such a waste. Even one of the British newspaper claimed that more than half of voters want cuts in overseas aid. According to Bill Gates, the chairman of the world's largest charitable foundation, the myth that aid doesn’t work only gives political leaders an excuse to try to cut back on it—and that would mean fewer lives are saved, and more time before countries can become self-sufficient.
In this essay, we will discuss the truth about how foreign aid is not a big waste and how it actually saves a lot of lives.

Why foreign aid is said to be a waste of money? A lot of people think that with foreign aid, the country that recieves help will be dependent on it. Truthfully, foreign aid helps developing country to work on its land and transform it for food resources or export material. In other words, they could be independent in later years. There are also aid budgets that are allocated for vaccines and immunization. Clearly, it's not a waste of money. The statement 'foreign aid is a waste' emerged probably because of corruption. It's clear that the aid is futile because it's being misused by egoist individuals. However now, technology has developed. Through the internet, people now can track how much of aid budget should the government distribute to different fields. Therefore, foreign aid is not a waste.

Foreign aid's greatest contribution is to save many lives. Vaccine donation in South Africa saved a lot of lives that long ago would die due to measles. There is also a tuberculosis programme for people in China, which successfully depletes 40% of total patients. Last, polio curing programme that at first intended for Latin Americans, but successfully goes worldwide.

Foreign aid is not a waste of money and it saves many lives. We shouldn't focus on how it works but focus on how foreign aid can work better to saves many lives.

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FOREIGN AID IS A BIG WASTE

Foreign aid refers to the resources transferred from governments or international organizations for the benefit of the recipient country and its population. The medias have been weaving crooked stories and articles regarding this policy, citing notes based solely on small examples of a waste in some programs and then suggesting that the entire foreign aid is but a squander. This essay will talk about the most common myths involving foreign aid and present arguments against them, including giving examples of how it has instead helped people all over the world.

Fallacies stating that foreign aid doesn’t work is a concerning issue, as it could implant apathetic mindset on public’s head revolving around this matter. First myth is the amount of aid usually given to poor countries. Most Americans believe that aid takes around 10 to 25 percent of the country’s budgets, while the actual numbers are less than 3 percent for Norway (dubbed the most generous nation) and less than one percent for the US. This number may seem small and irrelevant, but in retrospect, one percent of the US budget is approximately $30 billion a year, enough to provide prevention of children’s death caused by avertable diseases such as measles. In addition, healthy children could grow and work and eventually assist their countries to develop on their own.

The second prejudice is corruption. Many had told the stories of how some aid is wasted on corruption, and that organizations and governments are merely using aid as a façade to do dirty work. While corruption is indeed something that almost always happened and it cost lives when it did, it is crucial to remember the scale of the problems. Small-scale corruption, like those in travel expenses of government officials, does reduce the efficiency of aid, but it shouldn’t stop us from saving lives. We must work harder to root corruption out, but it’s peculiar to stop a whole program dedicated to helping people just because a small-scale case of misdeed occurred. Most tales drenched in terror originated from the Cold War era when aid was utilized as a way to gain allies, but things are definitely different now, and it is much easier to track the outcomes of every dollar spent, especially in health and agriculture. In this era of globalization, internet could be helpful to solve corruption cases.

The third myth is aid dependence. For a long time, people had argued that giving aid to poor countries will instead form a dependency of them. This is proven wrong, however, when one deigns to look at several facts: first, the money America spent on developing productive crops has made countries in Asia and Latin America less dependent on another country, as they now already have the tools to expand their own growth. The same thing goes to Africa, which is now able to produce more food independently thanks to the aid given through Green Revolution. Second, there is a list consisting of every country that has gone from a major aid recipient to a well-grown place, including Singapore, China, and Brazil. It is not a mistake to be skeptical about aid propelling economic growth, but what is apparent is that aid plays a huge part in improving health, agriculture, and infrastructure which contribute to the economy of a country.

To conclude this essay, it has been shown  that aid actually helped people live longer, get healthier, and escape poverty and the notions that propose foreign aid doesn’t work are mostly untrue or unbalanced. Aid is an incredible investment that greatly improve the state of people’s lives. We must stop talking about whether or not aid works, but instead discuss all the possible way it could be made more effective and efficient for those in need.

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Foreign aid is a voluntary transfer of resources from developed or high-income country to developing or low to middle-income country. Foreign aid include several programs, such as agriculture, health, education, and infrastructure. The positive impacts of foreign aid on recipient country are obvious even to people who are against it. In this essay, we are going to discuss problems in foreign aid programs and its possible solution.

Just like any other governmental programs, foreign aid is not free of corruption and still got room for improvements. Some critics used this problem to conclude that foreign aid is a waste. This is true in the past, when the foreign aid was used in large-scale for political reasons. Today is different, mostly only small-scale corruption happens and as we are in the information age, the internet gives public the ability to monitor foreign aid. Misusage of foreign aid are less likely to happen as the whole world are watching. To completely eliminate corruption is improbable, but we could take action to reduce it. One is to publish every details of resources that are supplied and spent so the public can hold officials accountable.

One other problem is that foreign aid are widely misunderstood by the public. Some of these misunderstandings are that foreign aid takes a large portion of national budget, breeds dependency and is filled with corruption. This cause problem as voters think that foreign aid is a waste of tax payers money and demand its budget to be cut in the expanse of precious human lives that could be save by it. Several reasons could be the cause of this misunderstanding, that is unfair reporting of foreign aid by the mainstream media and perhaps the rudimentary racist nature of people. Solving this misinformation and racism that had taken roots in our society is not an easy task. The baby steps that should be taken is to educate the public, raise public awareness and to publicize more regarding the financial data and results of foreign aid.

In conclusion, foreign aid have internal and external problem that could impede its benefits but these shouldn't be the reason to stop foreign aid programs as I believe that foreign aid could end global economic disparity and improves many lives. Nonetheless, government still should put serious efforts in eradicating foreign aid corruption and educating the public about foreign aid.

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Essay and Mind Map of Foreign Aid is A Waste

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Essay and Mind Map of Foreign Aid is A Waste

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Future Beauty Bloggers and The Beast
- Benedictus Dewantara Yoga / 16118076
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- Cynthia Gunawan / 16118100
- Cherolyn Ajipratiwi Putri / 16118110

Essay Foreign Aid is A Big Waste
In international relations, aid (also known as foreign aid) is a voluntary transfer of resources such as health and agriculture from developed countries to developing countries. However, foreign aid is considered as a waste in the real life implementation. In this essay we will discuss the truth about that perception based on the actual functions of foreign aid and how it went wrong.

If the world is united and willing to collaborate, foreign aid actually gives a lot of positive purposes and impacts to many life’s aspects. Foreign aid should be able to save and improve lives effectively. At the same time, it should also help countries to develop independently. With the help of foreign aid, infant mortality rate and infectious disease rates are decreasing. The proof is on William Easterly’s book, one of the best-known aid critics, that showed many highlights about the contribution of foreign aid around the world, and one of them includes the fact that there are only 3 countries left in this world that haven’t been free from Polio through the IT assistance.

Unfortunately, many people have the perception that foreign aid is a waste because it holds back economic growth and causes aid dependency. But it is not. In reality, many countries were initially helped by foreign aid and now they can develop themselves, and even provide assistance for other countries. South Korea, for example, who received enormous amount of aid after the Korean War, is now a developed country that gives aid to another developing country such as Ethiopia. Foreign aid is also really helpful in terms of ‘Global Public Goods’ where many agricultural resources are growing to become better and better. It can even save people’s lives, which actually have long-term impacts for the country, because more and more people become productive as a result of goods consumptions.

Perhaps it is true that foreign aid is not working optimally. This inefficiency is not caused by the system, it is because of the people around it. One of the most common stories of aid is that some of it gets wasted on corruption. But just because there are small-scale corruptions from taxes or contractors, like in Cambodia for example, doesn’t mean that the whole program needs to be closed. The corruption has to be reduced, but it is not an appropriate reason to stop saving lives. The foreign aid program, especially in health and agriculture, have given a lot of positive outcomes that value much more than the dollars spent.

Based on the outcome so far, we can say that overall, foreign aid has changed people’s lives for the better. It might has some flaws and drawbacks, but it is definitely not a waste. With innovations, educations, technologies, and hard work, foreign aid will work better in the future and give more positive impacts to the world.

Mind Map

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--THE HOLLAND--
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2. Gama Luluh L. M. (16118020)
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4. Fathiya Khairiya (16118044)
5. Joshua Felix K. (16118088)
6. Atian Azizy (16118096)

ESSAY : FOREIGN AID IS A BIG WASTE

"Some critics were delivered in discussing “foreign aid is a big waste” for both donor and recipient country. Aid seems impact less, ineffective, inefficient, and several cases of corruption made most of worldly citizen agree to cut the overseas aid. In this essay, we want to explain and tell reader more about the truth of worldwide aid and the amount of it. The fact of its impact and successful in improving people’s lives broadly, also some suggestions may change our mindset about the foreign aid.

Since 14 years ago, Bill Gates and his wife, Melinda, started the aid foundation named The Global Fund, and luckily got many chance to get in touch with people and see the impact directly in country that has helped by this foreign aid. What they see over the times and they share lot of the truth of worldwide aid is it helps people getting healthier, people living longer, as the tools to fight for diseases, and helps the poor countries to escape their poverty by gaining the economic progress. Worldly citizens may think that foreign aid and government aid are large part of wealthy countries’ budgeting. In fact, the most generous country, Norway, only delivers the government aid less than 3 percent every year. Meanwhile, United States shares less than 1 percent equals to $30 billion a year for foreign aid. We can surely say that it is only small amount of money for rich country but the impact of their aid is spreading internationally. In other side, people may hear several cases of the aid corruption and think aid gets wasted. They are small-cases and we should reduce them then punish people for tracking the small amount that gets misused, but not cutting or even agree to stop the foreign aid.

Bill Gates added that foreign aid is improving health, agriculture, and infrastructure in poor country. For example, successful stories of health aid are the vaccination campaign gradually eliminated measles in southern Africa, continue program to control TBC in China and the disease has drop 40 percent during a decade, a successful regional program to cut polio in Latin America, also cut the epidemic of smallpox worldwide, and the aid program has saved 3.3 million lives against malaria in Cambodia. Moreover, the aid goes to build the schools, roads, and irrigations. By saving lives of young people and developing infrastructure, they will do more than merely survive, but over time they will make their countries grow independently. In addition, the benefit is not only going to poor countries, but wealth countries can build up their aspect in social and agriculture, also broaden their economics network.

In conclusion, instead of debating the aid, we should spend our time more to focus on delivering aid better, controlling in recipient countries directly, and governments also have to set the right policies. We will be quite optimistic over the times that foreign aid will help more people’s lives broadly and this vision is reflected in next round of United Nations’ Millenium Development Goals."

MIND MAP :

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"Globalization makes all business transactions easier and faster, globalization also enhances communication and connections between people in all parts of the world, making it easier for people who have assets to invest in other countries so that assets develop and benefit for both sides. It can reduce the price of production because consumers come from various countries, however it can also be a competition for domestic and foreign producers, which can make sales of domestic products decrease and result in a decline in the country's economy."

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By LAMTUR

Nicholas Nick
Muhammad Tazkia Ghiffari
Annisa Muntaz
Khansa Fauzia
Zahra Sofia
Thalia Khansa

The closest term to describe trend perceived to be dramatically and relentlessly increasing connections and communications among people regardless of nationality and geography is called globalization. These connections which were born from globalization affect the global economy making the transaction between countries easier and affecting the commodities , labor , assets and debts. But , there are 3 dilemma of the nation usually maintain, they are a fixed rate of exchange between currency and other currency , unregulated convertibility of the currency and other currency , and national economic policy. Even though globalization brings many great aspect in economy, but there are negative effects such as enviromental damage from the increasement of products , fluctuation in prices , and job insecurity that mostly affect developed countries

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Cherolyn Ajipratiwi Putri / 16118110

First of all, people must know more about the meaning of globalization itself, viewed from the perspective of the world's economy. The most important meaning of globalization in this world is that it has increased the ability of people in this world to communicate with each other, especially in the economic field. Globalization is a crucial milestone in the economy, changing how production and distribution of goods or services offered by a particular group or company are done, which in turn simplify transactions, making them cheaper and faster without much legwork. The development of security and banking system markets throughout the world pushed each country to make their own beneficial policies. However, in the end, all of that refer back to how people in each country think about the meaning of globalization in the world of economy, which might increase state investment, bring down the state (poverty and decreasing currency values), or both.

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Globalization are advances in communication and transportation technology, combined with free-market ideology, have given goods, services, and capital unprecedented mobility. In the economic field, globalization removed the distances between countries in conducting transactions. It affects the markets, which makes transactions easier, faster, and cheaper. Especially in the trades of financial assets whose value is derived from a contractual claim, such as bank deposits, bonds, and stocks. The only barrier in this market are national regulations. But as trade liberalization going in country after country allowing international financial flows into the banking systems around the world. These flows either could improve foreign investment in developing countries, cause the currency crises, recessions & depression, and unemployment in those countries, or both.

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Sonia Marcheline Herman (16118030)
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Financial globalization began around the 1870s, when the world was already connected economically through the gold standard, where there were virtually no restrictions in international transactions. The events of World War I brought about the Great Depression. The recession brought chaos into the world economy. Then governments started placing restrictions on currency in order to gain advantage and restore their economies. In order to stabilize the monetary chaos, the Bretton Woods agreement was made, and some degree of economic liberalization was restored. The Bretton Woods agreement set a system of exchange rates similar to the gold standard, though in practice governments preferred to exchange their currencies to the US dollar. This practice saw its end in 1971, and since 1973 other countries fixed their currencies in terms of either the Deutsche- mark which then became the euro, yen, or US dollar.

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natasya emmanuela 16118046
filia natania 16118050
jessica laurelia 16118060
mercyana abigail 16110108
rahmi devi 16118054
zalfa humairah 16118072

Currency can be distinct in different places and time. According to Cambridge dictionary, currency is the money that is used in a particular country at a particular time. Many years ago, people used gold as their global currency, but as time goes by, gold was replaced with money that equals with the amount of gold it possessed. Although, money doesn't use gold as its base material over time, its worth is now determined by how strong the country's economics are. However, in the initial stages, international trade was redeemed rather difficult since every country had their own currency. For that reason, English currency was then made as the global currency because England had the strongest economy at the moment. Each country's policies would then determine its currency's power, therefore it's important for the government to control the cashflow.

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Globalization had been contributing to economic growth of developing country by flowing capital investment from developed country since before the first world war. During this time, the United Kingdom allocate half of its national savings to Americas,  Australia, India, and other realms of the British  empire in Asia and Africa, accelerating their economic growth and development. Today, the gross volume of global transactions is a whopping 1.3 trillion dollars per business day and is growing. However, this sheer number does not contribute much to the economic growth of receiving country as the important element that determines the impact of economic globalization is the net capital transfer not the gross volume. About 90% of these global transactions are reversed within a week and mostly within a day, impeding the benefits of globalization.

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Not a single historical episode aired without involving the development of technology as the cause of several global conflicts. Some countries were considered more powerful than the others based on the technology they used on a daily basis, hence the supposedly weaker countries were often colonized. However, now that the era of armed conflicts is long gone, the world is facing the wiser way as an expansion of global linkages that affects the growth of a global consicousness. This particular course of action is called globalization. Globalization is related to several aspects of international integration which are very broad and have no limits because they are related to the world. Globalization is ideally able to unite the whole world, through technology, economics, culture and social aspects. However, some of these aspects are not easy to put together because even though many countries support globalization, but on the other hand there are also countries that opposed with this by some reason.

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Referring to the definition of globalization itself, as previously stated, the transformation of how both communications and connections work has made it easier for a transaction to occur; there is no need to necessitate ventures to transport goods or people across the border, as it can be done as simply as tapping a button on your electronic device to settle a contract. Globalization has affected markets, especially in terms of assets and debts, in a way that it is now faster, cheaper, and easier to conduct. What could only limit these incessant rate of exchanged information are national regulations, but they have also been liberalized in most countries. This aspect allows international financial flows to whelm the banking systems the world over. The flows may serve as a double-ended sword, as it could be the apparatus to establish productive investments, mainly in the developing countries such as those in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, but it could also bring about the daunting issues of currency crises, unemployment, recession, and depression. With this in mind, it is crucial to handle the matter with sufficient knowledge as to prevent the worst case scenarios to ensue.

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"When we talk about the Globalization, word used to describe the growing interdependence of the world’s economies and populations. They are brought about by cross-border trade in goods, services, and technology. The globalization are incredibly increasing the flows of investment, people, and information. It also implies the changing of people cultures."

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5. Joshua Felix K. (16118088)
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INTRODUCTION

Did you know that social media and technology are not the only things that are affected by globalization? Globalization also affects one of the most important aspect in our daily lives, which is economy, starting from trading each other until the important transactions between government officials. This essay is going to discuss the meaning of globalization from many experts' points of view, currency's history and the effects on a dilemma called "the trilemma", and the connection between financial globalization nowadays with the unstable flowing rates for the currencies in each country.

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Introduction:
Globalization is a process that increases interactions among people globally regardless of borders. One of the things that is being globalized is economy. Globalization of economy involves commodities, labor, assets and debts. Economic globalization usually involves the flow of capital from developed to developing country which could lead to a prosperous future for both countries or the alternate if not done right. In this essay we will discuss about the positive and negative impacts of globalization on world economy.

1. Ray Steven (16118008)
2. Muhammad Rafi Nugraha (16118036)
3. Yosua Natanael (16118056)
4. Safero Hedi Aldafa (16118052)
5. Alfred Patisenah (16118026)
6. Naufal Rafif Ramadhan (16118070)

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Belle Èpoque
Ariena Noer Cahyanti (16118074)
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Dinda Nabila Aini (16118042)
Khairunnisa Puspawardhani (16118106)
Videla Zannuba Arifah (16118098)

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Elly kusumawati (16118004)
Muh. Syahrul Ramadhan (16118006)
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Dherika (16118040)
Rahmi Kharisma (16118048)
Aulia Ulhaq Musthofa (16118080)

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Irtyafari Almira 16118002
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Mahvira Riyani 16118038
Nandya Dwi 16118066
Daeli Volincia 16118082
Adinda Rahmah H 16118102
Reffa Ganang 16118116

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The Holland
1. Yehezkiel
2. Gama Luluh
3. Holandres
4. Fathiya K
5. Joshua Felix
6. Atian Azizy

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SOEKMANISH
Introduction:

Globalization of the world economy has made financial transactions much easier to execute, due to the diminishing of national boundaries. Currency transactions and conversions among different countries are made possible, only regulated by national restrictions. In his article, James Tobin explains the real problems that arise from financial globalization which includes currency convertibility, inflation and how the world's countries make efforts to regulate their currencies.

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natasya emmanuela 16118046
filia natania 16118050
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rahmi devi 16118054
zalfa humairah 16118072