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Angela Verbal and Non verbal communication

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Angela Verbal and Non verbal communication

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Bringing about a drastic or fundamental internal change that alters the relationships between different components or elements of an organisation or system.

Restructuring can be used a type of workforce planning, for companies to easily determine if they have too few, too many, or just enough staff.

Restructuring often involves merging departments within organisations and making redundancies at both the managerial and operational level.

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Intentional reduction in the size of a workforce at all staffing levels, to survive a downturn, improve efficiencies, or become a more attractive candidate for acquisition or merger.

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A business strategy in which growth is obtained by increasing the number of stores in which customers can buy a company's products and services.
Unlike relocation, business expansion entails opening up new stores in different physical locations while still maintaining the current business locations.
It can also entail entering into new markets (new products or countries it has not previously operated in).

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Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) is the area of corporate finances, management and strategy dealing with purchasing and/or joining with other companies. A company under consideration by another organisation for a merger or acquisition is sometimes referred to as the target.

Mergers and acquisitions are primarily done to save money, and often result in the loss of jobs and closing of stores.

Examples include:

Curry's and PC World

EE (T-Mobile and Orange)

Lloyds TSB was demerged as a consequence of the financial crisis

Co-Operative Travel & Thomas Cook

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Legislation requirements

•Health and Safety -The main piece of legislation governing health and safety at work, including:

•Disposal of waste

•Carrying heavy loads

•Wearing protective clothing

•Working at height

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Social Audits: highlights the progress, or the lack of it, of a business that is committed to acting responsibly towards all its stakeholders.

The audit process allows employees to feel that their values and concerns are considered alongside other stakeholders.

These audits are the outcomes of ‘social accounting’

To be successful in these audits, there must be clear aims, goals, and a vision.

Shell, BT and the Co-op Bank have used this approach.

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There are many alternative definitions of CSR.

§An obligation, beyond that required by the law, for a business to pursue long term goals that are good for society

About how a company manages its business to produce an overall positive impact on society

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is about understanding your business' impact on the wider world and considering how you can use this impact in a positive way. (Business Link)

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Social Networking. Employees may unconsciously break data protection laws. Can cause conflict of interest, can cause office tensions. May lead to productivity decline. Companies can limit this by creating proper use and regulatory documents.

Surveillance and Privacy – Employees privacy is increasingly limited as companies survey all aspects of company activities. Workers may feel compromised, however clear company policies on surveillance can reduce this.

Child Labour – Very large companies whose management is far removed from its manufacturing can face issues surrounding the age of workers in its factories. Tech and clothing companies face this often. Taking a proactive rather than reactive approach can help.
Environment – Companies need to balance their profit making with operating sustainable. Environmentally friendly processes are often more costly than other methods. Considerations include: hazardous waste, pollution, global warming and deforestation. Investing in renewable energy sources can help reduce costs of sustainability.

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Getting agreement

Usually, the employer and employee both need to agree to any contract changes. But an employee can insist on a change if they have a legal right to it.

Employers

Must get an employee’s agreement if you want to make changes to their contract.

Consult or negotiate with employees or their representatives (eg from a trade union or staff association)

Explain the reasons for changes

Listen to alternative ideas from employees

You may also want to talk with workers, asking them about their future plans. With older employees this can include talking about their thoughts on retirement and their options for staying in the job, e.g. changes to their role, hours or working pattern.

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PLC: Public Limited Company. Has shares available on the UK stock exchange which can be freely sold or bought. It must have at least 2 people and £50,000 capital to register as a PLC. Examples include BP, Rolls Royce and Burberry. (Any company listed on the London Stock Exchange is a PLC by definition).

Ltd: Operates in the same way as a PLC but shares are not offered publicly – they belong to private individuals or groups who must offer their shares to other shareholders before selling publicly. Examples include John Lewis, Virgin Atlantic and Iceland.

Sole Trader: An exclusive owner of a business, access to all profits after tax but liable for all costs and losses. A sole trader may have employees but they do not have any stake in the company. Examples can include tradesmen, fitness instructors and small shop owners.

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| Private | Public | Voluntary
| Private
•Not under state control – companies are owned by individuals and corporations, not by government. •Examples include: sole traders, retail, hospitality and food, and large multinationals such as Apple and Disney. •In 2016, the private sector made up around 83% of UK’s GDP |
Public
•Usually owned or controlled by government to provide services to citizens. They are generally not-for-profit and are funded through taxes and the government allocated budget. •Examples include education, health care and law enforcement.  |
Voluntary
•Organisations that seek to provide products or services not funded by government. Money raised goes back into the org. to continue funding it. •Examples include charities, foundations and community groups – generally anywhere that takes donations and has volunteers.

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| 5 Business Plans | Business Plan                      Features of a Business Plan  Benefits of a Business Plan  Problems of a Business Plan  Purpose of a Business Plan   | A business plan is a detailed description of the setting out and financial aspects of a new business  The business idea,Aims and objectives,Target market,Marketing plan,Forecast revenue,Cash flow forecast,Sources of finance,Location,Marketing mix  Forces the owner to think carefully, a good plan will attract attention from investors,on paper not in the owners head so if accident strikes theres a paper plan   Forecasts are predictions they can be wrong,the plan could be rigid,success is more about people than a paper plan,high expectations that disappoint  The purpose of a plan is a paper plan with all the businesses ideas and predictions so they can look to banks and even themselves to see if they have succeeded.

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| Command Word | Number of Marks | Points You Need to Make
| Give/List/State/Identify | 1/2/3 marks | Give a way/make a point (1 point per mark). A few words- no sentences needed!
| Outline | 2 marks | Make ONE point and give ONE explanation why.
| Explain | 3 marks | ·       Make ONE point and give TWO explanations why. ·       The explanations MUST be linked! ·       Plus put in context (application).
| Describe | 3/4 marks | 1 mark for knowledge. 1/2 marks for application. 1 mark for analysis. ·       1 mark for definition of a key term (knowledge). ·       Give TWO explanations why (can be unrelated or develop the first point). ·       Apply/put in context of business.
| Assess e.g. How far/ To what extent… (requires evaluation) | 8 marks | ·       1st paragraph: Pros (i.e. it is important…) with TWO reasons why. ·       2nd paragraph: Drawbacks (i.e. it isn’t so important…) with TWO reasons why. *Both 1st and 2nd paragraph written IN CONTEXT (using application)!* ·       3rd paragraph: conclusion.
| Discuss | 6 - 8 marks | ·       Give a point (benefit) and explain why ·       Give a drawback of the point and explain why ·       Give a 2nd point (benefit) and explain why ·       Give a drawback of the point and explain why *All written IN CONTEXT (using application)!*
| Assess/Evaluate (using your knowledge of business)  - Question 10 (usually) Often starts: Using your knowledge… | 10 marks | ·       1st paragraph: give one benefit/thing that is important and TWO reasons why ·       2nd paragraph: give another benefit/thing that is important and TWO reasons why ·       3rd paragraph: say why it is not important and give TWO reasons why ·       4th paragraph: say another reason why it is not important and give TWO reasons why *All written IN CONTEXT (using application)!* *Use the ‘it depends rule’! This shows a higher level of thinking and helps access the higher levels (e.g. it depends on… because…)*

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| Public sector   | The sector or part of the economy that is controlled by local or national Government.  This includes health, policing and state education.
| Private sector   | The sector of part of the economy that is not controlled by Government.  Private businesses operate in many different forms.
| Charity or voluntary sector   | A business where the main purpose is to raise money for a good cause rather than profit (often called a “third sector” or “not for profit” company)
| SME   | SME is short for “Small and medium enterprise” businesses which have a limited number of employees.  Although this classification is used in many different countries the number of employees varies.
| Sole trader   | A business owned and managed by one person.  They have complete control of making decisions and profit but also the risk of failure.
| Partnership   | A business with 2 or more owners who share profits and losses.  They have unlimited liability unless it is a Limited Partnership.
| Multi national   | A large business with interests or activities in more than one country.
| Limited company   | A business where the partners only risk the amount they have invested even if the company fails with larger debts.
| Social enterprise   | A business where the main purpose is to improve society or the environment. They can be “profit” or “not profit” companies.

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Internal (Inside a business):
- Customers
- Staff

External (Outside the business):
- Suppliers
- Lenders
- Community
- Investors

Stakeholders can affect or be affected by the business' actions, objectives and policies. Some examples of key  Stakeholders are creditors, directors, employees, government, owners (shareholders), suppliers, unions, and the community from which the business draws its resources.

They are important because they have a stake in your company's success and incentive for your products to succeed. (They help the business grow, in summary).

How a business will communicate?
- Letters
- Social Media
- Posters
- Leaflets
- Focus group
- Meetings

It is important to communicate because that is how important information will be shared, if a business has a sale or event they will advertise it with the different communication methods
EXTRA HELP: https://bizfluent.com/info-8704286-importance-stakeholders.html
https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/guides/z4gcd2p/revision/1
- Kayleigh

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What is business communication and its importance?

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What is business communication and its importance?

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Communication plays a crucially important role in all aspects of a business. Effective business communication helps build a good relationship between the employer and the staff, which can help increase productivity and the company's bottom line.

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Honesty and Integrity

The supreme quality of leadership is unquestionably integrity.  Honesty and integrity are two important ingredients which make a good leader. How can you expect your followers to be honest when you lack these qualities yourself? Leaders succeed when they stick to their values and core beliefs and without ethics, this will not be possible.
Confidence

To be an

effective leader, you should be confident enough to ensure that other follow your commands. If you are unsure about your own decisions and qualities, then your subordinates will never follow you. As a leader, you have to be oozing with confidence, show some swagger and assertiveness to gain the respect of your subordinates.

Inspire Others

Probably the most difficult job for a leader is to persuade others to follow. It can only be possible if you inspire your followers by setting a good example. When the going gets tough, they look up to you and see how you react to the situation. If you handle it well, they will follow you. As a leader, should think positive and this positive approach should be visible through your actions. Stay calm under pressure and keep the

motivation level up. As John Quincy Adams puts it, “If your actions inspire others to dream more, learn more, do more and become more, you are a leader.” If you are successful in inspiring your subordinates, you can easily overcome any current and future challenge easily.

Good Communicator

Until you clearly communicate your vision to your team and tell them the strategy to achieve the goal, it will be very difficult for you to get the results you want. Simply put, if you are unable to communicate your message effectively to your team, you can never be a good leader. A good communicator can be a good leader. Words have the power to motivate people and make them do the unthinkable. If you use them effectively, you can also achieve better results.

Delegation and Empowerment

You cannot do everything, right. It is important for a leader to focus on key responsibilities while leaving the rest to others. By that, I mean empowering your followers and delegating tasks to them. If you continue to micromanage your subordinates, it will develop a lack of trust and more importantly, you will not be able to focus on important matters, as you should be. Delegate tasks to your subordinates and see how they perform. Provide them with all the resources and support they need to achieve the objective and give them a chance to bear the responsibility.

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The Autocratic Leader

Maintains total control and treats team members as “listeners” and “followers.”

Determines all the goals and policies.

Is more interested in subject matter and content than in people.

Makes all the decisions and disregards the opinions and views of others.

Talks too much.

Focuses attention on self.

Tends to regard members of the team as puppets.

Laissez-Faire Leader

Exercises minimal control of the team and allows members to direct.

Does not prepare for meetings.

Allows all discussions to drift.

Does not seem to care too much about what is going on.

Causes the group to have no focus and accomplishes very little.

Encourages fragmentation through lack of discipline.

Does not attempt to design or regulate events.

Lacks courage in making plans.

Authoritative Leader

Maintains firm control but will allow members to be involved in discussions.

Has a purpose and a plan but will allow modification.

Is active and energetic.

Seeks the involvement of others.

Is prepared to give the necessary direction and support.

Is a good communicator.

Will take on responsibility until someone else assumes it.

Use personal power to empower others.

Prepares well, asks questions, then asks for members of the team to respond.

Democratic Leader

Shares control with team members.

Shares leadership responsibility.

Believes in the ability and skills of others.

Creates a sense of security and belonging.

Ensures that others are offered leadership opportunities.

Makes sure that if he is not part of the team that the group will be successful without his presence.

Creates a healthy and strong communication skill between team members.

Recognises the value of every individual on the team.

Always involves others in leadership and skill development.

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What is the importance of customer service?

Customer service is important because it helps retain loyal customers and gain new customers, it also builds a good business reputation with lots of good views.

Negative effects of poor customer service
• Bad reviews
• Loss of revenue
• Loss of customers

Positive effects of customer service
• Customers become happy
• Good reviews
• Recommend the business to others
• Good exposure on social media and in public
• More sales, revenue
• Gain loyal and new customers
EXTRA HELP: https://daymondjohnssuccessformula.com/launch-pad/customer-service-is-more-important/ (positive)
https://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/poor-customer-service-affect-business-3062.html (negative)
- Kayleigh

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Coaching - Coaching is also defined as learning by doing and handling various ongoing projects. In this method of training, team manager assigns certain job responsibilities to team members, monitors their performance, points out their mistakes, provides them feedbacks and also suggestions for improvement.
ADV: Learn new skills and get to know more about the workplace
DISADV: Can be time consuming.

Induction Training - Induction training is often given to new employees to make them feel a part of the organization.
ADV: Introduction to the work they'll be doing, learn basic skills
and techniques before starting the job

Job Rotation - In this type of training, employees move from one position to another, thus acquiring new skills and learnings.
ADV: Learn more about the workplace and different roles, opens up possible opportunities to get promoted to another role.
DISADV: Could become confusing and a hassle (Not knowing where to go or what to do.)

Performance Reviews - Scheduled meetings with the manager to see how well the employee is doing, they can set targets and discuss ways to improve.
ADV: Motivating, set goals
DISADV: Could be biased.

Mentoring - Generally 1-1 sessions where the employee can learn new skills and knowledge from another person, these can be external.
ADV: New skills
DISADV: Time consuming, cost.

EXTRA HELP: https://www.tutor2u.net/business/reference/training-staff-methods
- Kayleigh

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A flat organisation refers to an organisation structure with few or no levels of management between management and staff level employees. The flat organisation supervises employees less while promoting their increased involvement in the decision-making process.

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The purpose of cash flow statement analysis is to attain details of cash inflow and outflow.

Nik.

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A hierarchy is an arrangement of items in which the items are represented as being "above", "below", or "at the same level as" one another. Hierarchy is an important concept in a wide variety of fields, such as philosophy, mathematics, computer science, organisational theory, systems theory, and the social sciences

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An organizational structure is a system that outlines how certain activities are directed in order to achieve the goals of an organization. These activities can include rules, roles and responsibilities. The organizational structure also determines how information flows from level to level within the company.

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The four most common types of communication used by managers include interpersonal communication, nonverbal communication, written communication, and oral communication.