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The equation for an ideal gas that shows the relationship between the product of the pressure and volume to the product of the temperature and amount of gas molecules written as PV = nRT.

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The principle that, at the same pressure and temperature, equal volumes of all gases contain equal numbers of molecules. It was first stated by Avogadro in 1811 and he emphasized at the time that the individual particles of the gas might be molecules rather than single atoms.

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A law that describes the behavior of a mixture of gases. The law states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures that make up the mixture. Applied to the atmosphere: the total atmospheric pressure is the sum of all the partial pressures exerted by each individual gas in the atmosphere.

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The four significant variables concerning gases are the volume, pressure, amount of the gas, and the absolute temperature. Understanding the relationships among these variables allows for the prediction of the behavior of a gas.

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Boyle was born into one of the wealthiest families in Britain. He was the 14th child and 7th son of Richard Boyle, the 1st earl of Cork, by his second wife, Catherine, daughter of Sir Geoffrey Fenton, secretary of state for Ireland. At age eight, Boyle began his formal education at Eton College, where his studious nature quickly became apparent.

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Jacques Charles, in full Jacques-Alexandre-César Charles, (born November 12, 1746, Beaugency, France—died April 7, 1823, Paris), French mathematician, physicist, and inventor who, with Nicolas Robert, was the first to ascend in a hydrogen balloon (1783). About 1787 he developed Charles’s law concerning the thermal expansion of gases.

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Robert Boyle, (born January 25, 1627, Lismore Castle, County Waterford, Ireland—died December 31, 1691, London, England), Anglo-Irish natural philosopher and theological writer, a preeminent figure of 17th-century intellectual culture.

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Charles’s law, a statement that the volume occupied by a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature, if the pressure remains constant.

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The law can be derived from the kinetic theory of gases assuming a perfect (ideal) gas (see perfect gas). Real gases obey Boyle’s law at sufficiently low pressures, although the product pv generally decreases slightly at higher pressures, where the gas begins to depart from ideal behaviour.

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Boyle’s law, also called Mariotte’s law,  a relation concerning the compression and expansion of a gas at constant temperature.